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Djuanda Kartawidjaja
Raden Djuanda Kartawidjaja ( EYD: Raden Juanda Kartawijaya; 14 January 1911 – 7 November 1963), commonly known as Djuanda Kartawidjaja, usually referred to simply as Djuanda, was an Indonesian politician and ethnic Sundanese noble from the court of Cirebon, who served as the 11th and last Prime Minister of Indonesia. He previously served as Minister of Communications in seven cabinets from 1946 to 1949 and 1950 to 1953; as Minister of State in 1949 and Minister of Welfare from 1949 to 1950. Djuanda was Indonesia's final Prime Minister in the Sukarno "Karya" cabinets, the final cabinets of the Liberal Democracy Era (prior to the Guided Democracy period) and as First Minister from 1959 until his death in 1963. Djuanda's death and the abolition of the post of Prime Minister in the Indonesian Republican system allowed far greater power to be exercised by the President, now being given full ruling power with minimal oversight, as both Head of State and Head of Government. This ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priyayi
''Priyayi'' (former spelling: ''Prijaji'') was the Dutch East Indies, Dutch-era class of the nobles of the robe, as opposed to royal nobility or ''ningrat'' (Javanese language, Javanese), in Java, Indonesia, the List of islands by population, world's most populous island. ''Priyayi'' is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the ''adipati'' or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the Sultan Agung of Mataram to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the ''priyayi'' moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian republic. Pre-colonial period The Mataram Sultanate, an Islamic polity in south central Java that reached its peak in the 17th century, developed a Kraton (Indonesia), ''kraton'' ("court") culture from which the Sultan emerged as a charismatic figure that rules over a relatively independent aristocracy. Named ''para yay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirebon
Cirebon (, formerly rendered Cheribon or Chirebon in English) is a port city on the northern coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is the only coastal city of West Java, located about 40 km west of the provincial border with Central Java, approximately east of Jakarta, at . It had a population of 296,389 at the 2010 census and 333,303 at the 2020 census. The built-up area of Cirebon reaches out from the city and into the surrounding regency of the same name; the official metropolitan area encompasses this regency as well as the city, and covers an area of , with a 2010 census population of 2,363,585; the 2020 census total was 2,603,924. Straddling the border between West and Central Java, Cirebon's history has been influenced by both Sundanese and Javanese culture as well as Arab and Chinese, and is the seat of a former Sultanate. Etymology Being on the border of Sundanese (i.e., Western Java) and Javanese (i.e., Central Java) cultural regions, many of Cirebon's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandung Institute Of Technology
The Bandung Institute of Technology ( id, Institut Teknologi Bandung, abbreviated as ITB) is a national research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Since its establishment in 1920, ITB has been consistently recognized as Indonesia's premier STEM-based academic institution and reserves its place among the country's top elite universities. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture. ITB is ranked 235th internationally according to QS World University Rankings, and ranked 67th in QS Asian University Rankings. Domestically, the university is ranked 2nd by QS World University Rankings and ranked 3rd by Times Higher Education. ITB has the highest score threshold in Indonesia's national state university entrance test in science and technology. To this day, its engineering faculties are known to be the toughest to be admitted into. History Bandung Institute of Technology traces its origin to the Technische Hoogescho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technische Hoogeschool Te Bandoeng
The Bandung Institute of Technology ( id, Institut Teknologi Bandung, abbreviated as ITB) is a national research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Since its establishment in 1920, ITB has been consistently recognized as Indonesia's premier STEM-based academic institution and reserves its place among the country's top elite universities. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture. ITB is ranked 235th internationally according to QS World University Rankings, and ranked 67th in QS Asian University Rankings. Domestically, the university is ranked 2nd by QS World University Rankings and ranked 3rd by Times Higher Education. ITB has the highest score threshold in Indonesia's national state university entrance test in science and technology. To this day, its engineering faculties are known to be the toughest to be admitted into. History Bandung Institute of Technology traces its origin to the Technische Hoogeschoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europeesche Lagere School
Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) was a European elementary school system in what was then the Dutch East Indies during colonial rule. The schools were intended primarily for Europeans. The implementation of basic education at that time was differentiated between basic education for European children and indigenous children, so there was a primary school for a European child (''Lager Onderwijs en Lagere School voor Europeanen'') and an elementary school for native and foreign Eastern children attending the ELS. Although special requirements were established, in 1902 the name Europeesche Lagere Scholen was used for European children's primary schools. It means to eliminate the impression that this school is solely for Europeans. Having been established for the first time in Weltevreden (Jatinegara), the ELS was growing more and more in number. In 1820 there were only seven schools, and in 1845 there were 24 schools. Then, the number of schools grew up to 68 in 1868, until finally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banknotes Of The Rupiah
The first banknotes used in the archipelago that would become Indonesia were that issued by the United East India Company, credit letters of the rijksdaalder dating between 1783 and 1811. Netherlands Indies gulden government credit paper followed in 1815, and from 1827 to 1842 and again from 1866 to 1948 gulden notes of De Javasche Bank. Lower denominations (below 5 gulden) were issued by the government in 1919–1920 and in 1939–1940 due to wartime metal shortages, but otherwise day-to-day transactions were conducted using coinage. Gulden notes were issued by "The Japanese Government" during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies from 1942, becoming "roepiah" in 1943. The first truly Indonesian rupiah notes, however were issued in 1946, during the war of independence with the Dutch, following the unilateral proclamation of independence by the Indonesians at the end of World War II on 17 August 1945. This money is known as Oeang Republik Indonesia (ORI; ''oean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juanda Railway Station
Juanda Station ( id, Stasiun Juanda, station code: JUA) is a railway station located in Kebon Kelapa, Gambir, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. Since Gambir station stopped serving Commuterline trains, Juanda, along, with Gondangdia station, has become the alternative for passengers going to Merdeka Square and the surrounding areas. The station got its name from the nearby road, which in turn is named after Djuanda Kartawidjaja, the 11th and final Prime Minister of Indonesia. KAI Commuter, a subsidiary of Kereta Api Indonesia, has their main office in the northern part of the station. Juanda station is connected to a TransJakarta bus station and the Istiqlal Mosque by a pedestrian bridge. History The station was first opened on 15 September 1871 as Noordwijk Station, a train halt located on the Batavia–Weltevreden section, the first section of the Batavia–Buitenzorg railway line which was inaugurated by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). Noord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the Government of Indonesia, National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the Regions of Indonesia#Development regions, four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar. The city has a population of 2.87 million within its city limits at the 2020 census and 9.5 million in the extended Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia, second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The city was settled in the 10th century by the Janggala, Kingdom of Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juanda International Airport
Juanda International Airport (JIA) ( id, Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda) , is an international airport located in Sedati, Sidoarjo. It is now the third busiest airport in Indonesia (after Soekarno-Hatta and Ngurah Rai airport). This airport is located approximately from Downtown Surabaya and serves the Surabaya metropolitan area, the metropolitan area of Surabaya plus extended urban area. Juanda International Airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I. The airport takes its name after Djuanda Kartawidjaja (1911–1963), the last Prime Minister of Indonesia who had suggested development of this airport. In 2019, the airport served about 500 aircraft per day. Currently, Juanda International Airport is the hub of Citilink, Garuda Indonesia, Indonesia AirAsia, Lion Air and Sriwijaya Air along with Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. Juanda International Airport will become one of the main airports in Indonesia for ASEAN Open skies. In 2014, Juanda International Airport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia through a dictatorship for 31 years, from the fall of Sukarno in 1967 until his own resignation in 1998. The legacy of his 31-year rule, and his US$38 billion net worth, is still debated at home and abroad. Suharto was born in the small village of Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation era, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indonesian security forces. During Indonesia's independence struggle, he joined the newly formed Indonesian Army. There, Suharto rose to the rank of major g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power over a state is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject neither to external legal restraints nor to regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or other forms of rebellion). In earlier times, the term ''autocrat'' was coined as a favorable description of a ruler, having some connection to the concept of "lack of conflicts of interests" as well as an indication of grandeur and power. This use of the term continued into modern times, as the Russian Emperor was styled "Autocrat of all the Russias" as late as the early 20th century. In the 19th century, Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse peoples. Autocracy is the most common and durable regime type since the emergence of the state. History and etymology Autocracy comes from the Ancient Greek ''autos'' (Greek: αὐ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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