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Didemnum Fragile
''Didemnum fragile'' is a species of Tunicate, sea squirt in the family Didemnidae. Research ''Didemnum fragile'' is of medical interest as it contains shishijimicin molecules, which have been seen to have potent anti-tumor activity in HeLa cells at picomolar concentrations. Shishijimicin A was recently synthesized. References Aplousobranchia Animals described in 1981 {{tunicata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time called Urochordata, and the term urochordates is still sometimes used for these animals. They are the only chordates that have lost their myomeric segmentation, with the possible exception of the 'seriation of the gill slits'. Some tunicates live as solitary individuals, but others replicate by budding and become colonies, each unit being known as a zooid. They are marine filter feeders with a water-filled, sac-like body structure and two tubular openings, known as siphons, through which they draw in and expel water. During their respiration and feeding, they take in water through the incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through the excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile, immobile and perman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didemnidae
Didemnidae, or Didemnidæ, is a family of colonial tunicates in the order Enterogona. These marine animals are found in shallow water on the seabed. Members of this family have small zooids that form encrusting colonies. The body of each zooid is divided into a thorax and an abdomen. Systematics The World Register of Marine Species lists the following genera: * '' Atriolum'' Kott, 1983 * ''Clitella'' Kott, 2001 * '' Coelocormus'' Herdman, 1886 * '' Didemnum'' Savigny, 1816 * '' Diplosoma'' Macdonald, 1859 * '' Leptoclinides'' Bjerkan, 1905 * ''Lissoclinum'' Verrill, 1871 * ''Polysyncraton'' Nott, 1891 * '' Trididemnum'' Della Valle, 1881 Gallery Image:Atriolum robustum Maldives.JPG, '' Atriolum robustum'' Image:Didemnum molle.jpeg, '' Didemnum molle'' Image:Diplosoma spongiforme (Giard, 1872) 5.jpg, '' Diplosoma spongiforme'' Image:Lissoclinum patellum.jpg, '' Lissoclinum patellum'' Image:Polysyncraton bilobatum Lafargue, 1968.jpg, ''Polysyncraton bilobatum ''Polysyncr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HeLa
HeLa (; also Hela or hela) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, named after Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African-American mother of five, who died of cancer on October 4, 1951. The cell line was found to be remarkably durable and prolific, which allows it to be used extensively in scientific study. The cells from Lacks's cancerous cervical tumor were taken without her knowledge or consent, which was common practice in the United States at the time. Cell biologist George Otto Gey found that they could be kept alive, and developed a cell line. Previously, cells cultured from other human cells would only survive for a few days. Cells from Lacks's tumor behaved differently. History Origin In 1951, a patient named Henrietta Lacks was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital with symptoms of irregular vaginal bleeding, and was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shishijimicin A
Shishijimicin A is an enediyne antibiotic isolated from '' Didemnum proliferum.'' Isolated in 2003 it is part of the family of 10 member ringed enediyne antitumor antibiotic agents, which includes: namenamicin, esperamicin and, calicheamicin. Due to its high potency from cytotoxicity, Shishjimicin A is currently undergoing testing as a possiblAntibody-antibiotic Conjugate (ADCs)cancer treatment. Laboratory tests indicate it to be “more than 1,000 times as toxic to cancer cells as the anticancer drug taxol”, also known as Paclitaxel, a prevalent chemotherapy medication. As such, theoretically, only an administration of a minuscule dose of the molecule would be necessary per each treatment. As shishjimicin A supply is scarce and the full extent of its side effects is not yet established, there is still a need for further biological and clinical studies. Total synthesis The total synthesis of shishjimicin A was published by scientists at Rice University in 2015, led by K. C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aplousobranchia
Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea. They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relatively simple pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient greek, () means "simple". The posterior part of the abdomen contains the heart and gonads, and is typically larger than in other sea squirts. Taxonomy Order Aplousobranchia * Family Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley 1848 ycnoclavellidae Kott 1990**''Clavelina'' Savigny 1816 [''Bradiclavella'' Zirpolo 1925; ''Chondrostachys'' Macdonald 1858; ''Dendroclavella'' Oka 1927; ''Podoclavella'' Herdman 1890; ''Rhodozona'' Van Name 1902; ''Stereoclavella'' Herdman 1890; ''Synclavella'' Caullery 1900] **''Euclavella'' Kott 1990 **''Nephtheis'' Gould 1856 [''Oxycorynia'' Drasche 1882] **''Pycnoclavella'' Garstang 1891 [''Archiascidia'' Julin 1904] * Family Didemnidae Giard 1872 iplosominae Giard 1872**'' Atriolum'' Kott 1983 **''Clitella'' Kott 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
