Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class

Ascidiacea Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" ...

. They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relatively simple pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in

ancient greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

, () means "simple". The posterior part of the abdomen contains the heart and gonads, and is typically larger than in other sea squirts.

Taxonomy

Order Aplousobranchia * Family

Clavelinidae Clavelinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera , WoRMS Worms may refer to: *Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs Places *Worms, Germany Worms () i ...

Forbes & Hanley 1848 ycnoclavellidae Kott 1990**''

Clavelina ''Clavelina'' ("little bottle") is genus of sea squirts (the Ascidiacea Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine in ...

'' Savigny 1816 [''Bradiclavella'' Zirpolo 1925; ''Chondrostachys'' Macdonald 1858; ''Dendroclavella'' Oka 1927; ''Podoclavella'' Herdman 1890; ''Rhodozona'' Van Name 1902; ''Stereoclavella'' Herdman 1890; ''Synclavella'' Caullery 1900] **''Euclavella'' Kott 1990 **''Nephtheis'' Gould 1856 [''Oxycorynia'' Drasche 1882] **''Pycnoclavella'' Garstang 1891 [''Archiascidia'' Julin 1904] * Family

Didemnidae Didemnidae, or Didemnidæ, is a family of colonial tunicates in the order Enterogona. These marine animals are found in shallow water on the seabed. Members of this family have small zooids that form encrusting colonies. The body of each zooid i ...

Giard 1872 iplosominae Giard 1872**'' Atriolum'' Kott 1983 **''Clitella'' Kott 2001 **'' Coelocormus'' Herdman 1886 **''

Didemnum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' Savigny 1816 [''Didemnoides'' Drasche 1883; ''Diplosomoides'' Herdman 1886 non Lahille 1890; ''Hypurgon'' Sollas 1903; ''Leptoclinum'' Milne-Edwards 1842; ''Sarcodidemnoides'' Oka & Willey 1892; ''Tetradidemnum'' Della Valle 1881] **''Diplosoma (tunicate), Diplosoma'' Macdonald 1859 [''Arenadiplosoma'' Menker & Ax 1970; ''Astellium'' Giard 1872; ''Lioclinum'' Verrill 1871; ''Pseudodidemnum'' Giard 1872; ''Pseudodiplosoma''] **'' Leptoclinides'' Bjerkan 1905 'Askonides'' Kott 1962**''

Lissoclinum ''Lissoclinum'' is a genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and ...

'' Verrill 1871 'Diplosomoides'' Lahille 1890 non Herdman 1886; ''Echinoclinum'' Van Name 1902; ''Polysoma'' Kott 1983**''

Polysyncraton ''Polysyncraton'' is a genus of tunicates belonging to the family Didemnidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of ...

'' Nott 1892 **'' Trididemnum'' Della Valle 1881 'Didemnoides'' Lahille 1890 non Drasche 1884; ''Didemnopsis'' Hartmeyer 1903* Family

Euherdmaniidae Euherdmaniidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia. Genera: * ''Euherdmania Euherdmaniidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class ...

Ritter 1904 **''

Euherdmania Euherdmaniidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea. They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relat ...

'' Ritter 1904 'Herdmania'' Ritter 1903 non Lahille 1888* Family

Holozoidae Holozoidae is a family of sea squirts in the order Enterogona Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate fil ...

Berrill 1950 **''Colella'' Herdman 1886 ''

nomen nudum In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...

'' ** '' Distaplia'' Della Valle 1881 'Celulophana''; ''Holozoa'' Lesson 1832; ''Julinia'' Calman 1894; ''Leptobotrylloides'' Oka 1927** '' Hypsistozoa'' Brewin 1953 ** '' Hypodistoma'' Tokioka 1967 ** '' Neodistoma'' Kott 1990 ** '' Polydistoma'' Kott 1990 ** '' Protoholozoa'' Kott 1969 ** '' Pseudoplacentela'' Sanamyan 1993 ** ''

Sycozoa ''Sycozoa'' is a genus of tunicates belonging to the family Holozoidae. The species of this genus are found in Southern Hemisphere. Species Species: *''Sycozoa anomala'' *''Sycozoa arborescens'' *''Sycozoa brevicauda'' *''Sycozoa cavernosa ...

'' Lesson 1832 'Cyathocormus'' Oka 1913** '' Sigillina'' Savigny 1816 'Atapozoa'' Brewin 1946; ''Atopozoa'' Brewin 1956; ''Hyperiodistoma'' Michaelsen 1930* Family Placentelidae Kott 1992 **'' Placentela'' Redikorzev 1913 'Homoedistoma'' Redikorzev 1927; ''Sigillinaria'' Oka 1933* Family

Polycitoridae Polycitoridae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia. Genera: * ''Archidistoma'' Garstang, 1891 * '' Brevicollus'' Kott, 1990 * '' Cystodytes'' Drasche, 1884 * '' Eucoelium'' Savigny, 1816 * '' Eudistoma'' Caullery, 1909 ...

Michaelsen 1904 **''

Archidistoma ''Archidistoma'' is a genus of tunicates in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to m ...

'' Garstang 1891 ** '' Brevicollus'' Kott 1990 ** '' Cystodytes'' Drasche 1884 ** ''

Eucoelium ''Eucoelium'' is a genus of tunicates belonging to the family Polycitoridae Polycitoridae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia. Genera: * ''Archidistoma'' Garstang, 1891 * '' Brevicollus'' Kott, 1990 * '' Cystodytes' ...

'' Savigny 1816 ** ''

Eudistoma ''Eudistoma'' is a genus of sea squirts belonging to the class Ascidiacea. It was first described in 1909 by Maurice Caullery. Originally it was thought to be a subgenus of '' Distoma''. ''Eudistoma'' is the most species-rich genus in the family ...

'' Caullery 1909 'Distoma'' Savigny 1816 non Retzius 1786; ''Paessleria'' Michaelsen 1909** ''Exostoma'' Kott 1990 ** '' Millarus'' Monniot & Monniot 1988 ** ''

Polycitor ''Polycitor'' is a genus of tunicates belonging to the family Polycitoridae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of th ...

'' Renier 1804 'Paradistoma'' Caullery 1909; ''Tetrazona'' Michaelsen 1930** '' Polycitorella'' Michaelsen 1924 ** ''Rhombifera'' Peres 1956 non Barrande 1867 * Family

Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists the following genera: *'' Aplidiopsis'' Lahille, 1890 *'' Aplidium'' Savigny, 1816 *'' Frag ...

Milne-Edwards 1841 ynoicidae**''

Aplidiopsis ''Aplidiopsis'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lis ...

'' Lahille 1890 **''

Aplidium ''Aplidium'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae. There are about 188 species in the genus found in shallow waters around the world. Species The following species are listed in this genus according to the W ...

'' Savigny 1816 [''Haploidium'' Agassiz 1846; ''Amaroecium'' Milne-Edwards 1841; ''Circinalium'' Giard 1872; ''Fragarium'' Giard 1872; ''Heterotrema'' Fiedler 1889; ''Parascidia'' Milne- Edwards 1841; ''Polyclinoides'' Drasche 1883; ''Sidnyum'' Savigny 1816] ** ''Fragaroides'' ** ''Homoeodistoma'' Redikorzev 1927 ** ''Macrenteron'' Redikorzev 1927 ** ''Morchellium'' Giard 1872 ** ''Morchelloides'' ** ''

Neodictyon ''Neodictyon'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species list ...

'' Sanamyan 1988 ** ''

Polyclinella ''Polyclinella'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species li ...

'' Harant 1931 ** ''

Polyclinum ''Polyclinum'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species list ...

'' Savigny 1816 'Glossophorum'' Lahille 1816** ''

Sidneioides ''Sidneioides'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lis ...

'' Kesteven 1909 ** ''

Synoicum ''Synoicum'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Enterogona. It describes a group of marine animals. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists t ...

'' Phipps 1774 [''Atopogaster'' Herdman 1886; ''Lissamaroucium'' Sluiter 1906; ''Macroclinum'' Verrill 1871; ''Polyclinopsis'' Gottschaldt 1894; ''Psammaplidium'' Herdman 1886; ''Glossoforum'' Lahille 1886] * Family Protopolyclinidae Kott 1992 **''Condominium (genus), Condominium'' Kott 1992 ** ''Dumus'' Brewin 1952 ** ''Monniotus'' Millar 1988 ** '' Protopolyclinum Millar 1960 * Family Pseudodistomidae Harant 1931 ** '' Anadistoma'' Kott 1992 ** '' Citorclinum'' Monniot & Millar 1988 ** '' Pseudodistoma'' Michaelsen 1924 * Family Ritterellidae Kott 1992 **'' Pharyngodictyon'' Herdman 1886 **'' Ritterella'' Harant 1931 * Family Stomozoidae Kott 1990 **''

Stomozoa Stomozoa is a genus of tunicates. It is the only genus in the family Stomozoidae in the order Aplousobranchia Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea. They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea s ...

'' Kott 1957 * Family

Vitrumidae Vitrumidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Aplousobranchia Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea. They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relativel ...

Kott 2009 ** '' Vitrum'' Kott 2009

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q618725 Chordate suborders