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Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of algae-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. Taxonomy Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 *''Corbihelia'' ** Phylum Microheliellida Tedersoo 2017 [Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015] *** Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 * Clade Cryptista s.s. ** Phylum Palpitophyta Tedersoo 2017 *** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Clade Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2013 stat. nov. *** Phylum Kathablepharidophyta Okamoto & Inouye 2005 [Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015] **** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of algae-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. Taxonomy Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 *''Corbihelia'' ** Phylum Microheliellida Tedersoo 2017 [Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015] *** Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 * Clade Cryptista s.s. ** Phylum Palpitophyta Tedersoo 2017 *** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Clade Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2013 stat. nov. *** Phylum Kathablepharidophyta Okamoto & Inouye 2005 [Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015] **** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae ''sensu lato'' "in a broad sense"; pronounced /ɑːrkɪ'plastɪdə/) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes. It also includes the non-photosynthetic lineage Rhodelphidia, a predatorial (eukaryotrophic) flagellate that is sister to the Rhodophyta, and probably the microscopic picozoans. The Archaeplastida have chloroplasts that are surrounded by two membranes, suggesting that they were acquired directly through a single endosymbiosis event by feeding on a cyanobacterium. All other groups which have chloroplasts, besides the amoeboid genus ''Paulinella'', have chloroplasts surrounded by three or four membranes, suggesting they were acquired secondarily from red or green algae. Unlike red and green algae, glaucophytes have never been involved in secondary endosymbiosis events. The cells of the Archaeplastida typically lack centriol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromista
Chromista is a biological kingdom consisting of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species that share similar features in their photosynthetic organelles (plastids). It includes all protists whose plastids contain chlorophyll ''c'', such as some algae, diatoms, oomycetes, and protozoans. It is probably a polyphyletic group whose members independently arose as a separate evolutionary group from the common ancestor of all eukaryotes. As it is assumed the last common ancestor already possessed chloroplasts of red algal origin, the non-photosynthetic forms evolved from ancestors able to perform photosynthesis. Their plastids are surrounded by four membranes, and are believed to have been acquired from some red algae. Chromista as a biological kingdom was created by British biologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1981 to differentiate some protists from typical protozoans and plants. According to Cavalier-Smith, the kingdom originally included only algae, but his later analysis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacrobia
The cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage is a proposed monophyletic grouping of unicellular eukaryotes that are not included in the SAR supergroup. Several alternative names have been used for the group, including Hacrobia (derived from "ha-" referring to Haptophyta, "-cr-" referring to cryptomonads, and "-bia" as a general suffix referring to life); CCTH (standing for Cryptophyta, Centrohelida, Telonemia and Haptophyta); and "Eukaryomonadae". , it is unclear whether this group is monophyletic or not; results of phylogenetic studies are "often dependent on the selection of taxa and gene data set". Two 2012 studies produced opposite results. Members In the past, heterokonts, haptophytes, and cryptomonads have sometimes been grouped together in a group known as chromists. Though the heterokonts are now split out, Cryptophyta and Haptophyta are considered in some studies to be closely related (and are sometimes simply referred to as the "Cryptophyta+Haptophyta" group). A 2009 pape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocryptea
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. [Kathablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005] ** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathablepharidea (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005; Kathablepharidophyceae (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005] *** Order Katablepharida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Kathablepharida (sic)] **** Family Katablepharidae Vors 1992 [Kathablepharidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palpitea
Palpitea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Subphylum Palpitia Palpitea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Subphylum Palpitia Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Class Palpitea Cavalier-S ... Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 *** Order Palpitida **** Family Palpitomonadidae ***** Genus '' Palpitomonas'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 ****** Species '' Palpitomonas bilix'' Yabuki, Inagaki & Ishida 2010 References External links Tree of Life: Hacrobia Cryptista Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Monotypic eukaryote classes {{Hacrobia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryote
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as flagellated phagotrophs. Their name comes from the Greek εὖ (''eu'', "well" or "good") and κάρυον (''karyon'', "nut" or "kernel"). Euka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endohelea
Endohelea is a proposed clade of eukaryotes that are related to Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Order Microhelida Cavalier-Smith 2011 *** Family Microheliellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011 **** Genus ''Microheliella'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2012 ** Order Heliomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2012 *** Family Heliomorphidae Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 **** Genus ''Heliomorpha'' Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 References External links Tree of Life: Hacrobia Cryptista Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith Bikont classes {{Hacrobia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptomonada
Cryptomonada is a proposed super-class of Cryptists linking Cryptophyceae and Goniomonadea, which was first proposed by Cavalier-Smith in 2004. He made this proposal based on three shared morphological characteristics: Presence of a periplast, ejectisomes with secondary scroll, and mitochondrial cristae A crista (; plural cristae) is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The name is from the Latin for ''crest'' or ''plume'', and it gives the inner membrane its characteristic wrinkled shape, providing a large amount of surface area fo ... with flat tubules. Genetic studies as early as 1994 also supported the hypothesis that ''Goniomonas'' was sister to Cryptophyceae. A study in 2018 found strong evidence that the common ancestor of ''Cryptomonada'' was an autotrophic protist. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q65088966 Cryptista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corbihelia
Corbihelia is a proposed phylum of eukaryotes. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015 ** Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 *** Order Microhelida Cavalier-Smith 2011 **** Family Microheliellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011 ***** Genus ''Microheliella'' Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2012 *** Order Heliomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2012 **** Family Heliomorphidae Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 ***** Genus ''Heliomorpha'' Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009 * Super Class Corbistoma Cavalier-Smith 2015 ** Class Picomonadea Seenivasan et al. 2013 [Biliphyta; Picobiliphytes; Picozoa Seenivasan et al. 2013] *** Order Picomonadida Seenivasan et al. 2013 **** Family Picomonadidae Seenivasan et al. 2013 ***** Genus ''Picomonas'' Seenivasan et al. 2013 ** Class Telonemea Cavalier-Smith 1993 (Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi 2006] *** Order Telonemida Cavalier-Smith 1993 **** Family Telonemidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 ***** Genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
