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Leucocryptea
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. [Kathablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005] ** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathablepharidea (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005; Kathablepharidophyceae (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005] *** Order Katablepharida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Kathablepharida (sic)] **** Family Katablepharidae Vors 1992 [Kathablepharidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptista
Cryptista is a clade of algae-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the group Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. Taxonomy Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 *''Corbihelia'' ** Phylum Microheliellida Tedersoo 2017 [Endohelia Cavalier-Smith 2015] *** Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith 2012 * Clade Cryptista s.s. ** Phylum Palpitophyta Tedersoo 2017 *** Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith 2012 ** Clade Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2013 stat. nov. *** Phylum Kathablepharidophyta Okamoto & Inouye 2005 [Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015] **** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocryptea
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. [Kathablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005] ** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 [Kathablepharidea (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005; Kathablepharidophyceae (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005] *** Order Katablepharida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Kathablepharida (sic)] **** Family Katablepharidae Vors 1992 [Kathablepharidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katablepharidea
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. athablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005** Class Leucocryptea The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katablepharida
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. athablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005** Class Leucocryptea The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocrypta
The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolates, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. Phylogeny As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Classification Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015 * Super Class Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith 2015 stat. n. athablepharidophyta (sic)Okamoto & Inouye 2005** Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004 athablepharidea (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005; Kathablepharidophyceae (sic) Okamoto & Inouye 2005*** Order Katablepharida The katablepharids, a group of heterotrophic flagellates, have been considered as part of the Cryptista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacrobia
The cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage is a proposed monophyletic grouping of unicellular eukaryotes that are not included in the SAR supergroup. Several alternative names have been used for the group, including Hacrobia (derived from "ha-" referring to Haptophyta, "-cr-" referring to cryptomonads, and "-bia" as a general suffix referring to life); CCTH (standing for Cryptophyta, Centrohelida, Telonemia and Haptophyta); and "Eukaryomonadae". , it is unclear whether this group is monophyletic or not; results of phylogenetic studies are "often dependent on the selection of taxa and gene data set". Two 2012 studies produced opposite results. Members In the past, heterokonts, haptophytes, and cryptomonads have sometimes been grouped together in a group known as chromists. Though the heterokonts are now split out, Cryptophyta and Haptophyta are considered in some studies to be closely related (and are sometimes simply referred to as the "Cryptophyta+Haptophyta" group). A 2009 pape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, the term "flagellate" is included in other terms (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellata") which are more formally characterized. Form and behavior Flagella in eukaryotes are supported by microtubules in a characteristic arrangement, with nine fused pairs surrounding two central singlets. These arise from a basal body. In some flagellates, flagella direct food into a cytostome or mouth, where food is ingested. Flagella often support hairs, called mastigonemes, or contain rods. Their ultrastructure plays an important role in classifying eukaryotes. Among protoctists and microscopic anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kathablepharis
''Katablepharis'' (alternative spelling ''Kathablepharis'') is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes comprising five to six species. They are heterotrophic and live in both freshwater and seawater. They have two flagella and a feeding apparatus consisting of a mouth and two arrays of microtubules (one inside the other). Etymology It derives its name from the Greek words ''κατά (kata)'' (downwards) and ''βλεφαρίς (blepharis)'' (eyelash An eyelash (also called lash) (Latin: ''Cilia'') is one of the hairs that grows at the edge of the eyelids. It grows in one layer on the edge of the upper and lower eyelids. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris, dust, and small particles and p ...). Species This is a partial list. * '' K. japonica'' Okamoto & Inouye 2005 * '' K. obesa'' Barlow & Kugrens 2002 * '' K. tenuis'' Barlow & Kugrens 2002 * '' K. hyalurus'' Skuja 1939 * '' K. notonectoides'' Skuja 1948 * '' K. oblonga'' Skuja 1939 * '' K. ovalis'' Skuja 1948 * '' K. pho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptomonada
Cryptomonada is a proposed super-class of Cryptists linking Cryptophyceae and Goniomonadea, which was first proposed by Cavalier-Smith in 2004. He made this proposal based on three shared morphological characteristics: Presence of a periplast, ejectisomes with secondary scroll, and mitochondrial cristae A crista (; plural cristae) is a fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The name is from the Latin for ''crest'' or ''plume'', and it gives the inner membrane its characteristic wrinkled shape, providing a large amount of surface area fo ... with flat tubules. Genetic studies as early as 1994 also supported the hypothesis that ''Goniomonas'' was sister to Cryptophyceae. A study in 2018 found strong evidence that the common ancestor of ''Cryptomonada'' was an autotrophic protist. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q65088966 Cryptista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and Biological classification, superphylum within Eukarya. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria, the group being referred to as SAR supergroup, SAR. Characteristics The most notable shared characteristic is the presence of cortical (near the surface) alveoli (sacs). These are flattened vesicle (biology), vesicles (sacs) arranged as a layer just under the cell membrane, membrane and supporting it, typically contributing to a flexible pellicle (thin skin). In armored dinoflagellates they may contain stiff plates. Alveolates have mitochondrion, mitochondria with tubular cristae (invaginations), and cells often have pore-like intrusions through the cell surface. The group contains free-living and parasitic organisms, predatory flagellates, and photosynthetic organisms. Almost all sequenced mitochondrial g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterotrophic
A heterotroph (; ) is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. In the food chain, heterotrophs are primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, but not producers. Living organisms that are heterotrophic include all animals and fungi, some bacteria and protists, and many parasitic plants. The term heterotroph arose in microbiology in 1946 as part of a classification of microorganisms based on their type of nutrition. The term is now used in many fields, such as ecology in describing the food chain. Heterotrophs may be subdivided according to their energy source. If the heterotroph uses chemical energy, it is a chemoheterotroph (e.g., humans and mushrooms). If it uses light for energy, then it is a photoheterotroph (e.g., green non-sulfur bacteria). Heterotrophs represent one of the two mechanisms of nutrition (trophic levels), the other being autotrophs (''auto'' = self, ''troph'' = n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
