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Chondrina Avenacea
''Chondrina avenacea'' is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Chondrinidae. ;Subspecies: * ''Chondrina avenacea avenacea'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Chondrina avenacea istriana'' Ehrmann, 1931 * ''Chondrina avenacea latilabris'' (Stossich, 1895) * ''Chondrina avenacea lepta'' (Westerlund, 1887) * ''Chondrina avenacea lessinica'' (Adami, 1885) * ''Chondrina avenacea veneta'' H. Nordsieck, 1962 Distribution This species occurs in: * Western Europe * List of non-marine molluscs of Bulgaria, Bulgaria * List of molluscs recorded in the Czech Republic, Czech Republic - in Bohemia, endangered (EN) cited 19 September 2008 References E ...
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Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, tracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated into an organic matrix known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Guillaume Bruguière
Jean Guillaume Bruguière (19 July 1749 – 3 October 1798) was a French physician, zoologist and diplomat. Biography Bruguière was born in Montpellier on 19 July 1749.Comptes rendus du Congrès national des sociétés savantes: Section des sciences. (1961) page 173. Jean-Guillaume Bruguière (1749-1798) et Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (1756-1814), médecins naturalistes et voyageurs. Jean Théodoridès He was a doctor, connected to the University of Montpellier. He was interested in invertebrates, mostly snails (gastropods). He accompanied the explorer Kerguelen-Trémarec on his first voyage to the Antarctic in 1773. In 1790 he accompanied the entomologist Olivier on an expedition to Persia, but his poor health didn't allow him to continue. In 1792, although he was ill, he visited the Greek archipelago and the Middle East, together with the entomologist Guillaume-Antoine Olivier. He was asked by the French Directoire to try to set up a Franco-Persian alliance, but was unsuccess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrina Avenacea Grid Map
''Chondrina'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chondrinidae. All species of ''Chondrina'' are restricted to the West Palaearctic. Centers of species diversity are found on the Iberian peninsula, in northern Italy and in the Balkans. The species are restricted to calcareous rocks, and occur only on vertical, exposed rock faces. Species There are more than 40Kokshoorn B., Schoor M. van, Erkelens I. & Gittenberger E. (2010). "Waves of dispersal in island-hopping Chondrina species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Chondrinidae)". ''Zoologischer Anzeiger'' PDF/ref> extant species in the genus ''Chondrina'', with four new species described in 2010. * ''Chondrina aguilari'' Altimira, 1967 * ''Chondrina altimirai'' Gittenberger, 1973" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Bulgaria
There are numerous species of molluscs living in the wild in Bulgaria. This list covers only the non-marine species. Freshwater gastropods Neritidae * ''Theodoxus danubialis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)Dilian Georgiev & Zdravko Hubenov (2013). "Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Bulgaria: an updated annotated checklist". Folia Malacologica 21(4): 237-263. DOI:10.12657/folmal.021.026 * '' Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Theodoxus pallasi'' Linholm, 1924 * ''Theodoxus transversalis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) Viviparidae * ''Viviparus acerosus'' (Bourguignat, 1862) * ''Viviparus contectus'' (Millet, 1813) * ''Viviparus viviparus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Melanopsidae * '' Melanopsis parreyssi'' Philippi, 1847 * '' Esperiana (Esperiana) esperi'' (A. Férussac, 1823) * '' Esperiana (Microcolpia) daudebartii'' (Prevost, 1821) * ''Holandriana holandrii'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) Pyrgulidae * '' Turricaspia (Laevicaspia) lincta'' (Milaschewitch, 1908) * '' Turricaspia (Clessiniola) vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrina Avenacea Avenacea (MNHN-IM-2010-13032)
''Chondrina'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chondrinidae. All species of ''Chondrina'' are restricted to the West Palaearctic. Centers of species diversity are found on the Iberian peninsula, in northern Italy and in the Balkans. The species are restricted to calcareous rocks, and occur only on vertical, exposed rock faces. Species There are more than 40Kokshoorn B., Schoor M. van, Erkelens I. & Gittenberger E. (2010). "Waves of dispersal in island-hopping Chondrina species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Chondrinidae)". ''Zoologischer Anzeiger'' PDF/ref> extant species in the genus ''Chondrina'', with four new species described in 2010. * ''Chondrina aguilari'' Altimira, 1967 * ''Chondrina altimirai'' Gittenberger, 1973" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous Period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrestrial Molluscs
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones. Characteristics This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature.Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2001, 558 pp. .Barker G. M. (ed.) Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2004, 644 pp. . All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda. However, colonization of the land took place several times during the evolutionary past, and as a result terrestrial molluscs are classified in several different, often not closely related, gastropod taxa. Terrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrina
''Chondrina'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chondrinidae. All species of ''Chondrina'' are restricted to the West Palaearctic. Centers of species diversity are found on the Iberian peninsula, in northern Italy and in the Balkans. The species are restricted to calcareous rocks, and occur only on vertical, exposed rock faces. Species There are more than 40Kokshoorn B., Schoor M. van, Erkelens I. & Gittenberger E. (2010). "Waves of dispersal in island-hopping Chondrina species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Chondrinidae)". ''Zoologischer Anzeiger'' PDF/ref> extant species in the genus ''Chondrina'', with four new species described in 2010. * '' Chondrina aguilari'' Altimira, 1967 * '' Chondrina altimirai'' Gittenberger, 1973 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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