Chloridops
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Chloridops
''Chloridops'' is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. Distribution The birds were endemic to Hawaii. It comprised three species: two on the Big Island of Hawaii; and one that inhabited Kauai, Oahu, and Maui. Species The genus includes the following three species: *Kona grosbeak The Kona grosbeak (''Chloridops kona'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The Kona grosbeak was endemic to naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') forests on ʻaʻā lava flows at elevations of near the Kona District on the island of Hawa ... (''Chloridops kona'') — extinct (1894) * Wahi grosbeak (''Chloridops wahi'') — prehistoric * King Kong grosbeak (''Chloridops regiskongi'') — prehistoric See also * * * References {{Taxonbar, from=Q291955 Hawaiian honeycreepers Endemic fauna of Hawaii Extinct birds of Hawaii Holocene extinctions Bird genera Carduelinae Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Australasi ...
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Kona Grosbeak
The Kona grosbeak (''Chloridops kona'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The Kona grosbeak was endemic to naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') forests on ʻaʻā lava flows at elevations of near the Kona District on the island of Hawaii. The species was already very rare when it was first discovered, being found in only about , and was last collected in 1894. Reasons for its extinction are not very well known. The genus is known from fossils from Kauai, Oahu and Maui. It was unknown to the Native Hawaiians, and thus a name for it does not exist in the Hawaiian language. Description The Kona grosbeak, at , was a medium-sized, chunky bird. Its plumage was a dull olive green, and did not display sexual dimorphism. The bird had a large head and a giant, brownish-gray beak. Diet The Kona grosbeak was a frugivore, with a large beak adapted to break through the hard endocarp of dried naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') fruits. It may have also taken green naio fruit and le ...
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Kona Grosbeak
The Kona grosbeak (''Chloridops kona'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The Kona grosbeak was endemic to naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') forests on ʻaʻā lava flows at elevations of near the Kona District on the island of Hawaii. The species was already very rare when it was first discovered, being found in only about , and was last collected in 1894. Reasons for its extinction are not very well known. The genus is known from fossils from Kauai, Oahu and Maui. It was unknown to the Native Hawaiians, and thus a name for it does not exist in the Hawaiian language. Description The Kona grosbeak, at , was a medium-sized, chunky bird. Its plumage was a dull olive green, and did not display sexual dimorphism. The bird had a large head and a giant, brownish-gray beak. Diet The Kona grosbeak was a frugivore, with a large beak adapted to break through the hard endocarp of dried naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') fruits. It may have also taken green naio fruit and le ...
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Chloridops
''Chloridops'' is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. Distribution The birds were endemic to Hawaii. It comprised three species: two on the Big Island of Hawaii; and one that inhabited Kauai, Oahu, and Maui. Species The genus includes the following three species: *Kona grosbeak The Kona grosbeak (''Chloridops kona'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The Kona grosbeak was endemic to naio (''Myoporum sandwicense'') forests on ʻaʻā lava flows at elevations of near the Kona District on the island of Hawa ... (''Chloridops kona'') — extinct (1894) * Wahi grosbeak (''Chloridops wahi'') — prehistoric * King Kong grosbeak (''Chloridops regiskongi'') — prehistoric See also * * * References {{Taxonbar, from=Q291955 Hawaiian honeycreepers Endemic fauna of Hawaii Extinct birds of Hawaii Holocene extinctions Bird genera Carduelinae Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Australasi ...
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Hawaiian Honeycreeper
Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of small, passerine birds endemic to Hawaii. They are closely related to the rosefinches in the genus ''Carpodacus'', but many species have evolved features unlike those present in any other finch. Their great morphological diversity is the result of adaptive radiation in an insular environment. Many have been driven to extinction since the first humans arrived in Hawaii, with extinctions increasing over the last 2 centuries following European discovery of the islands, with habitat destruction and especially invasive species being the main causes. Taxonomy Before the introduction of molecular phylogenetic techniques, the relationship of the Hawaiian honeycreepers to other bird species was controversial. The honeycreepers were sometimes categorized as a family Drepanididae,Clements, J. 2007. ''The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.'' 6th ed. other authorities considered them a subfamily, Drepanidinae, of Fringillidae, the finch fam ...
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King Kong Grosbeak
The King Kong grosbeak or giant grosbeak (''Chloridops regiskongi'') is a prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that was endemic to Hawaii. It had the largest beak of the three ''Chloridops'' species known to have existed. The King Kong grosbeak was described from fossils found at Barber's Point and Ulupau Head on the island of Oahu. It was long, making it one of the largest Hawaiian honeycreepers. The osteology of the mandible strongly suggests that ''C. regiskongi'' was a sister-taxon of '' Rhodacanthis''. The unusual name given to the species came from a reporter's misquoting of ornithologist Storrs L. Olson Storrs Lovejoy Olson (April 3, 1944 – January 20, 2021) was an American biologist and ornithologist who spent his career at the Smithsonian Institution, retiring in 2008. One of the world's foremost avian paleontologists, he was best known ...’s discovery of the then-unnamed species as being "a giant, gargantuan, King Kong finch." References Ch ...
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Wahi Grosbeak
The wahi grosbeak or Oahu grosbeak (''Chloridops wahi'') is a Prehistory, prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The wahi grosbeak was Endemism, endemic to Hawaiian tropical dry forests, dry forests on the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Kauai, Oahu, Oahu, and Maui. Based on the thickness of its bill it Seed predation, fed on seeds easier to crack than those of the naio (''Myoporum sandwicense''), on which the Kona grosbeak fed. The species was already Extinction, extinct when Europeans landed on the island. Being only known from fossils, its behavior and the exact reasons for its extinction are essentially unknown. Its fossils have been found throughout the islands, but were present in higher concentrations in caves. The bird was smaller than the related King Kong grosbeak (''C. regiskongi'') by . It had a total length of .James, Helen F., & Olson, Storrs L. (1991). Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes.Ornithological ...
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Fringillidae
The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where they are usually resident and do not migrate. They have a worldwide distribution except for Australia and the polar regions. The family Fringillidae contains more than two hundred species divided into fifty genera. It includes species known as siskins, canaries, redpolls, serins, grosbeaks and euphonias. Many birds in other families are also commonly called "finches". These groups include the estrildid finches (Estrildidae) of the Old World tropics and Australia; some members of the Old World bunting family (Emberizidae) and the New World sparrow family (Passerellidae); and the Darwin's finches of the Galapagos islands, now considered members of the tanager family (Thraupidae).Newton (1973), Clement ''et al.'' (1993) Finches and canaries were us ...
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Carduelinae
The cardueline finches are a subfamily, Carduelinae, one of three subfamilies of the finch family Fringillidae, the others being the Fringillinae and the Euphoniinae. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are now included in this subfamily. Except for the Hawaiian honeycreepers which underwent adaptive radiation in Hawaii and have evolved a broad range of diets, cardueline finches are specialised seed eaters, and unlike most passerine birds, they feed their young mostly on seeds, which are regurgitated.Newton, 1973, p. 31 Besides this, they differ from the other finches in some minor details of their skull. They are adept at opening seeds and clinging to stems, unlike other granivorous birds, such as sparrows and buntings, which feed mostly on fallen seeds. Some members of this subfamily are further specialised to feed on a particular type of seed, such as cones in the case of crossbills. Carduelines forage in flocks throughout the year, rather than keeping territories, and males defend the ...
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Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1. It is considered by some to be an interglacial period within the Pleistocene Epoch, called the Flandrian interglacial.Oxford University Press – Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (book) – "Holocene Humanity" section https://books.google.com/books?id=7P0_sWIcBNsC The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global si ...
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Bird Genera
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. Bi ...
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Holocene Extinctions
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1. It is considered by some to be an interglacial period within the Pleistocene Epoch, called the Flandrian interglacial.Oxford University Press – Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (book) – "Holocene Humanity" section https://books.google.com/books?id=7P0_sWIcBNsC The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global sig ...
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