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Cave Research In India
Cave research, encompassing the study of speleology and biospeleology, is still in its infancy in India. Although there are thousands of caves in India, research expeditions occur in few states. The Siju Cave of state Meghalaya is the first limelighted natural cave from India. Several studies were carried out in this cave in the early 20th century. The Kotumsar Cave of Central India is one of the most explored caves of India, and biologists have classified many types of cavernicoles, i.e. trogloxenes, troglophiles and troglobites, from this cave. The Indian institution mainly engaged in this particular field of research and conversational issues of Indian caves is the Raipur-based National Cave Research and Protection Organisation (founded and headed by Dr Jayant Biswas). The other notable organisation is Meghalaya Adventurer Association (founded and managed by Brian Dermot Kharpran Daly) which mainly involved in the caving and cave explorations of the existing caves of the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speleology
Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their make-up, structure, physical properties, history, life forms, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term ''speleology'' is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as ''caving'', ''potholing'' (British English), or ''spelunking''. Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for ''in situ'' study are the same. Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems. History Before modern speleology developed, John Beaumont wrote detailed descriptions of some Mendip caves in the 1680s. The term speleology was coined by Émile Rivière in 1890. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century the scientific valu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borra Caves
The Borra Caves (also called ''Borra Guhalu'') are located on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku Valley (with hill ranges' elevation varying from ) of the Alluri Sitharama Raju district in Andhra Pradesh. The caves, one of the largest in the country, at an elevation of about , distinctly exhibit a variety of speleothems ranging in size and irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites. The caves are basically karstic limestone structures extending to a depth of , and are considered the deepest caves in India. :File:Borra Caves Info board.JPGHistory The native name for the caves is ''Borra Guhalu''. Where ''Borra'' means abdomen in Telugu language and ''guhalu'' means caves in Telugu language Etymology The name Borra'' came from an Desia Odia word 'Bora', which means "a hole", as the district shares its Long border line with Odisha, hence the name comes. Legend On the discovery of the caves, there are several legends, which the tribals (Jatapu, Porj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aravalli Range
The Aravalli Range (also spelled ''Aravali'') is a mountain range in Northern-Western India, running approximately in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana, Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar on Mount Abu at . The Aravalli Range is arguably the oldest geological feature on Earth, having its origin in the Proterozoic era. The Aravalli Range is rich in natural resources and serves as check to the growth of the western desert. Etymology Aravalli, a composite Sanskrit word from the roots ''"ara"'' and ''"vali"'', literally means the ''"line of peaks"''. Natural history Geology The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is believed to be the oldest range of fold mountains in India.Roy, A. B. (1990). Evolution of the Precambrian crust of the Aravalli Range. Developments in Precambrian Geology, 8, 327–347. The natural history of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhosi Hill
Dhosi Hill is an important Vedic period site, an extinct volcano, standing alone at the north-west end of the Aravalli mountain range. Its height varies from about 345 to 470 meters from the surrounding lands and 740 meters from the sea level. At present the hill has temples, a pakka pond, ruins of a fort, caves and forest around it. In the ancient times, as per various scriptures like Mahabharata - Vanparv, Puranas, Shathpath Brahmana etc. the hill had Ashrams of various Rishis who made contributions to Vedic scriptures. The hill has all the physical features of a perfect volcanic hill with distinct crater, lava still lying on it and giving a perfect conical view from top. It is among the most ancient Vedic religious sites in Haryana located on the route of oldest flow of Saraswati river. It is known for formulation of Chyvanprash for Chayvan Rishi by Rajya Vaids Ashvini Kumar twins for the first time. Chyavana Rishi and his father Bhrugu Rishi had their Ashrams on this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haryana
Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land area. The state capital is Chandigarh, which it shares with the neighboring state of Punjab, and the most populous city is Faridabad, which is a part of the National Capital Region (India), National Capital Region. The city of Gurugram is among India's largest financial and technology hubs. Haryana has 6 Divisions of Haryana, administrative divisions, 22 List of districts of Haryana, districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsil, revenue tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 Community development block in India, community development blocks, 154 List of cities in Haryana by population, cities and towns, 7,356 villages, and 6,222 Gram panchayat, villages panchayats. Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bijapur District, Chhattisgarh
Bijapur District, formerly known as Birjapur, is one of the 27 districts of the state of Chhattisgarh in central India. It is one of the two new districts created on May 11, 2007. As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of the 18 at the time), after Narayanpur. It is the second-least literate district in India, with a literacy rate of at 41.58%, according to the 2011 census. The present collector of Bijapur is Shri Rajendra Kumar Katara (IAS). History Bijapur district was formerly part of the Dantewada district. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor of Naxalite activity. Geography The Bijapur district occupies the south western part of Chhattisgarh. The district borders on the Narayanpur district to the north and the Dantewada district to the east. To the southwest, it borders on Telangana state, to the west on Maharashtra state. Chhattisgarh Highest Waterfall Nambi Jaldhara about 540 feet (earlier was Teerathgarh Waterfall in Dantevad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bastar Division
Bastar division is an administrative division of Chhattisgarh state in central India. It includes the districts of Bastar, Dantewada Dantewada (also known as Dantewara) is a town and a municipality, or nagar palika. in the Dantewada district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India.It is the administrative headquarters of Dantewada District. It is the fourth largest city of Bastar ..., Bijapur, Narayanpur, Sukma, Kondagaon and Kanker. Bastar Division was created in 1999, when the larger Bastar District was divided into the present-day districts of Jagdalpur, Dantewada, and Kanker. In 2000 the division became part of the newly created state of Chhattisgarh. Later in 2007, Bijapur and Narayanpur districts were also divided, and Sukma and Kondagaon in 2012. The present Divisional Commissioner is Mr. Shyam Dhawade (IAS). Bastar is the southernmost region in the state of Chhattisgarh. It is a forested mineral rich region with a population of 2.5 million people and a ric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jashpur District
Jashpur District is a district of the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh bordering Jharkhand and Odisha. Jashpur Nagar is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district was formerly a princely state before Indpendence. Highly mountainous and forested, Jashpur is known for its natural environment. Shri Ritesh Agrawal is the District Collector and Magistrate of Jashpur. He has previously served as DM Bijapur, CEO Zila Panchayat Bilaspur, Bastar, Dhamtari & Gariyaband. History During the British Raj Jashpur town was the capital of Jashpur State, one of the princely states of the Eastern States Agency.Malleson, G. B.: ''An historical sketch of the native states of India,'' London 1875, Reprint Delhi 1984 Merged with independent India in 1948, the last king before Independence was Vijay Bhushan Singh Ju Deo. Geography The north-south length of this district is about 150 km, and its east-west breadth is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km². It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanker, Chhattisgarh
Kanker is a municipality and the headquarters of Kanker District, in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is the second largest city of Bastar division after Jagdalpur. Geography Kanker is located at . It has an average elevation of 388 metres (1272 feet). Demographics , Kanker has a population of 51,385. Males are 51.6% of the population and females are 49.4%. The literacy rate is 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 83% and female literacy is 71%. In Kanker, 12% of the population is less than 23 years old. Transport Kanker is located on National Highway 30 (known as Raipur-Jagdalpur-Vizianagram Road) 140 km from the state capital Raipur and 160 km from the divisional headquarters Jagdalpur. Roads provide access to other parts of the state. Coaches Coach may refer to: Guidance/instruction * Coach (sport), a director of athletes' training and activities * Coaching, the practice of guiding an individual through a process ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagdalpur
Jagdalpur is a city in Bastar district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. Jagdalpur is the administrative headquarters of Bastar District and Bastar Division. It was earlier the capital of the former princely state of Bastar. It is the fourth largest city of Chhattisgarh.The city is commercial, financial and political center of hub for South Chhattisgarh. Climate Jagdalpur has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification ''Aw'') with three main seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Summers last from March to May and are hot, with the average maximum for May reaching . The weather cools off somewhat for the monsoon season from June to September, which features very heavy rainfall. Winters are warm and dry. Demographics year 2021,town has a population of 114,345. The Municipal Corporation have a sex ratio of 985 females per 1,000 males and 19.0% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 90.44%; male literacy was 92.51% and female ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanger Ghati National Park
Kanger Ghati National Park (also called Kanger Valley National Park) was declared a national park in 1982 by the Government of India. Near Jagdalpur in the Bastar district, Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, it is one of India's densest national parks, and is known for its biodiversity, landscape, waterfalls, and subterranean geomorphologic limestone caves, and as the home of the Common hill myna, Bastar hill myna, the state bird of Chhattisgarh. Located amidst the 34-km-long scenic Kanger Ghati , a biosphere reserve, it is one of the most picturesque national parks of India. It covers an approximately consisting mainly of hilly terrain. It derives its name from the Kanger River, which flows throughout it. The park is noted for its highly heterogeneous land formations, from low, flat areas to steep slopes, plateaus, valleys, and stream courses. Its vast, undulating terrain harbours habitats for diverse flora and fauna. It has a sizable tribal population, and is a popular destinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh (, ) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the northwest, Maharashtra to the southwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Odisha to the east, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh, it was granted statehood on 1 November 2000 with Raipur as the designated state capital. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. Its Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is , with a per capita GSDP of . A resource-rich state, it has the third largest coal reserves in the country and provides electricity, coal, and steel to the rest of the nation. It also has the third largest forest cover in the country after Madhya Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh with over 40% of the state covered by forests. Etymology There are several theories as to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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