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Catuabine
Catuabines are a group of tropane alkaloids, isolated from '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'', which are used in the preparation of the drug Catuaba (which in traditional Brazilian medicine is purported to be an aphrodisiac and central nervous system stimulant, though such claims have not been substantiated). While catuabine A, B and C were isolated and characterized by Graf and Lude (1977, 1978), catuabine D was recently isolated by Zanolari et al. The catuabines are not known to have any physiological effects, this is in contrast to cocaine, which is an active constituent of another species, ''Erythroxylum coca''. See also * Hygrine *Cuscohygrine References * Glasl, S.; Presser, A.; Werner, I.; Haslinger, E.; Jurenitsch, J. (2003): Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark traded as "Catuaba". Scientia Pharmaceutica Vol. 71: 113-119. (, CODEN SCPHA4). * Glasl, S.; Presser, A.; Werner, I.; Haslinger, E.; Jurenitsch, J. (2004): Erratum to Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropane Alkaloids
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic .2.1alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkaloids such as cocaine and scopolamine are notorious for their psychoactive effects, related usage and cultural associations. Particular tropane alkaloids such as these have pharmacological properties and can act as anticholinergics or stimulants. Classification Anticholinergics Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants: * Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade ('' Atropa belladonna'') * Hyoscyamine, the ''levo''- isomer of atropine, from henbane (''Hyoscyamus niger''), mandrake (''Mandragora officinarum'') and the sorcerers' tree (''Latua pubiflora''). * Scopolamine, from henbane and '' Datura'' species (Jimson weed) All three acetylcholine-inhibiting chemicals can also be found in the leaves, stems, and flowers in v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropane Alkaloid
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkaloids such as cocaine and scopolamine are notorious for their psychoactive effects, related usage and cultural associations. Particular tropane alkaloids such as these have pharmacological properties and can act as anticholinergics or stimulants. Classification Anticholinergics Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants: * Atropine, racemate, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (''Atropa belladonna'') * Hyoscyamine, the ''levo''-isomer of atropine, from henbane (''Hyoscyamus niger''), mandrake (''Mandragora officinarum'') and the sorcerers' tree (''Latua pubiflora''). * Hyoscine hydrobromide, Scopolamine, from henbane and ''Datura'' species (Jimson weed) All three acetylcholine-inhibiting chemicals can also be found in the leave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Vaccinifolium
''Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Erythroxylum''. It is used to prepare catuaba, an infusion used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian herbal medicine. It contains a class of tropane alkaloids called catuabine Catuabines are a group of tropane alkaloids, isolated from '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'', which are used in the preparation of the drug Catuaba (which in traditional Brazilian medicine is purported to be an aphrodisiac and central nervous system s ...s. External links vaccinifolium Plants described in 1840 {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catuaba
The name Catuaba ( , via Portuguese from Guarani) is used for the infusions of the bark of a number of trees native to Brazil. The most widely used barks are derived from the trees ''Trichilia catigua'' and '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium''. Other catuaba preparations use the bark of trees from the following genera or families: '' Anemopaegma'', ''Ilex'', ''Micropholis'', ''Phyllanthus'', '' Secondatia'', ''Tetragastris'' and species from the Myrtaceae. It is often claimed that catuaba is derived from the tree ''Erythroxylum catuaba'', but this tree has been described only once, in 1904, and it is not known today to what tree this name referred. ''E. catuaba'' is therefore not a recognised species (Kletter et al.; 2004). Local synonyms are Chuchuhuasha, Tatuaba, Pau de Reposta, Piratancara and Caramuru. A commercial liquid preparation, Catuama, contains multiple ingredients, one of these being catuaba from ''Trichilia catigua''. An infusion of the bark is used in traditional Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocaine
Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from the leaves of two Coca species native to South America, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense''. After extraction from coca leaves and further processing into cocaine hydrochloride (powdered cocaine), the drug is often Insufflation (medicine), snorted, applied topical administration, topically to the mouth, or dissolved and injection (medicine), injected into a vein. It can also then be turned into free base form (crack cocaine), in which it can be heated until sublimated and then the vapours can be smoking, inhaled. Cocaine stimulates the mesolimbic pathway, reward pathway in the brain. Mental effects may include an euphoria, intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, psychosis, loss of contact with reality, or psychomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Coca
''Erythroxylum coca'' is one of two species of cultivated coca. Description The coca plant resembles a blackthorn bush, and grows to a height of . The branches are straight, and the leaves, which have a green tint, are thin, opaque, oval, and taper at the extremities. A marked characteristic of the leaf is an areolated portion bounded by two longitudinal curved lines, one line on each side of the midrib, and more conspicuous on the underside of the leaf. The flowers are small, and disposed in little clusters on short stalks; the corolla is composed of five yellowish-white petals, the anthers are heart-shaped, and the pistil consists of three carpels united to form a three-chambered ovary. The flowers mature into red berries. Unlike ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', ''Erythroxylum coca'' requires very acidic soil conditions. Soil acidity and water acidity need to be below pH 5.5, with the optimal value being pH 3.5, similar to that of ''Rhododendron'' potting soils. At pH 6.5 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygrine
Hygrine is a pyrrolidine alkaloid, found mainly in coca leaves (0.2%). It was first isolated by Carl Liebermann in 1889 (along with a related compound cuscohygrine) as an alkaloid accompanying cocaine in coca. Hygrine is extracted as a thick yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor. See also * Coca alkaloids * Pseudotropine * Troparil Troparil (also known as (–)-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-phenyltropane, WIN 35,065-2, or β-CPT) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research. Troparil is a phenyltropane-based dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) that is derived from methylecgonidine ... References * * * {{cite web, title=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. , url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql?chemical=HYGRINE , archive-url=https://archive.today/20121211210941/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql?chemical= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuscohygrine
Cuscohygrine is a pyrrolidine alkaloid found in coca. It can also be extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae, including ''Atropa belladonna'' (deadly nightshade), ''Datura innoxia'' and ''Datura stramonium'' (jimson weed). Cuscohygrine usually occurs along with other, more potent alkaloids such as atropine or cocaine. Cuscohygrine, along with the related metabolite hygrine, was first isolated by Carl Liebermann in 1889 as an alkaloid accompanying cocaine in coca leaves (also known as Cusco-leaves). Cuscohygrine is an oil that can be distilled without decomposition only in vacuum. It is soluble in water. It also forms a crystalline trihydrate which melts at 40–41 °C. See also * Coca alkaloids * Dihydrocuscohygrine Dihydrocuscohygrine is an alkaloid that has been isolated from coca Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. Coca is known worldwide for its psychoactive alkaloid, cocaine. The ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CODEN
CODEN – according to ASTM standard E250 – is a six-character, alphanumeric bibliographic code that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of periodicals and non-serial publications from all subject areas. CODEN became particularly common in the scientific community as a citation system for periodicals cited in technical and chemistry-related publications and as a search tool in many bibliographic catalogues. History The CODEN, designed by Charles Bishop (of the Chronic Disease Research Institute at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, retired), was initially thought as a memory aid for the publications in his reference collection. Bishop took initial letters of words from periodical titles, thereby using a code, which helped him arranging the collected publications. In 1953 he published his documentation system, originally designed as a four-letter CODEN system; volume and page numbers have been added, in order to cite and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
