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Brouwer
Brouwer (also Brouwers and de Brouwer) is a Dutch and Flemish surname. The word ''brouwer'' means 'beer brewer'. Brouwer * Adriaen Brouwer (1605–1638), Flemish painter * Alexander Brouwer (b. 1989), Dutch beach volleyball player * Andries Brouwer (b. 1953), Dutch mathematician and computer programmer **Brouwer–Haemers graph * Bertha "Puck" Brouwer (1930–2006), Dutch sprinter * Carolijn Brouwer (b. 1973), Dutch competitive sailor * Christoph Brouwer (1559–1617), Dutch Catholic ecclesiastical historian * Cornelis Brouwer (–1681), Dutch Golden Age painter * Cornelis Brouwer (1900–1952), Dutch long-distance runner * Dirk Brouwer (1899–1941), Dutch architect and resistance member * Dirk Brouwer (1902–1966), Dutch-American astronomer ** Brouwer Award, Dirk Brouwer Award, 1746 Brouwer asteroid * Emanuel Brouwer (1881–1954), Dutch gymnast * George Brouwer, Australian lawyer, Ombudsman for Victoria * Harm Brouwer (b. 1957), Dutch politician * Hendrik Brouwer (15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brouwer Fixed-point Theorem
Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after L. E. J. (Bertus) Brouwer. It states that for any continuous function f mapping a compact convex set to itself there is a point x_0 such that f(x_0)=x_0. The simplest forms of Brouwer's theorem are for continuous functions f from a closed interval I in the real numbers to itself or from a closed disk D to itself. A more general form than the latter is for continuous functions from a convex compact subset K of Euclidean space to itself. Among hundreds of fixed-point theorems, Brouwer's is particularly well known, due in part to its use across numerous fields of mathematics. In its original field, this result is one of the key theorems characterizing the topology of Euclidean spaces, along with the Jordan curve theorem, the hairy ball theorem, the invariance of dimension and the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. This gives it a place among the fundamental theorems of topology. The theorem is also used for proving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adriaen Brouwer
Adriaen Brouwer (, in Oudenaarde – January 1638, in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the first half of the 17th century.Adriaen Brouwer at the Konrad Renger. "Brouwer, Adriaen." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. Konrad Renger, ''Craesbeeck raesbeke Joos van,'' Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 January 2016. Brouwer was an important innovator of |
Brouwer–Hilbert Controversy
In a controversy over the foundations of mathematics, in twentieth-century mathematics, L. E. J. Brouwer, a proponent of the constructivist school of intuitionism, opposed David Hilbert, a proponent of formalism. The debate concerned fundamental questions about the consistency of axioms and the role of semantics and syntax in mathematics. Much of the controversy took place while both were involved with the prestigious ''Mathematische Annalen'' journal, with Hilbert as editor-in-chief and Brouwer as a member of its editorial board. In 1920 Hilbert succeeded in having Brouwer, whom he considered a threat to mathematics, removed from the editorial board of Mathematische Annalen, the leading mathematical journal of the time. Background The background for the controversy was set with David Hilbert's axiomatization of geometry in the late 1890s. In his biography of Kurt Gödel, John W. Dawson, Jr summarizes the result as follows: "At issue in the sometimes bitter disputes was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1746 Brouwer
1746 Brouwer ( ''prov. designation'': ) is a Hilda asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 64 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 September 1963, by IU's Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It was named after astronomer Dirk Brouwer. Classification and orbit ''Brouwer'' is a member of the Hilda family, a large group that orbits in resonance with the gas giant Jupiter and are thought to originate from the Kuiper belt. ''Brouwer'' orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.1–4.8 AU once every 7 years and 10 months (2,865 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 8 ° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Turku Observatory in 1940, extending the body's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation. Physical characteristics In the Tholen classification, ''Brouwer'' is characterized as a dark and reddish D-t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Brouwer
Joel Brouwer (born 1968) is an American poet, professor and critic. His most recent poetry collection is ''Off Message'' released in 2016 He is also the author of ''Exactly What Happened,'' which received the Larry Levis Prize from Virginia Commonwealth University, and Centuries, a National Book Critics Circle "Notable Book." In addition to writing poetry, Brouwer also writes essays, and regularly reviews books for ''The New York Times Book Review,'' ''Boston Review, Harvard Review, The Progressive,'' and other venues. His essays have been published in literary journals including ''AGNI,'' ''Boston Review, Parnassus: Poetry in Review,'' and his poems in ''AGNI, The Cortland Review, Crab Orchard Review, Crazyhorse, Georgia Review, Gettysburg Review, Iowa Review, The Journal, Massachusetts Review, Paris Review, Pleiades, Ploughshares, Poetry, The Prose Poem,'' and ''Tin House.'' Brouwer was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1968, and is a graduate of Sarah Lawrence College and Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ina Brouwer
Ina Brouwer (born 11 April 1950) is a Dutch retired politician of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN) and later co-founder of the GroenLinks (GL) party and lawyer. Education and early career Brouwer studied Law at Groningen University. There, Brouwer came in touch with social security law and socially engaged lawyers. Inspired by this side of the legal profession, Brouwer became a member of the Communist Party of the Netherlands. In 1981, she became a member of the House of Representatives for the CPN. In 1981, she succeeded Marcus Bakker as chairperson of the CPN parliamentary party. She remained in the House of Representatives until 1986, when the CPN lost its three seats in the election and disappeared from the House. Brouwer was a longtime advocate of a merger of the CPN, the Christian left Political Party of Radicals and Evangelical People's Party and the leftwing socialist Pacifist Socialist Party to form a new left-wing formation. In 1989 this was realized, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jordy Brouwer
Jordy Brouwer (born 26 February 1988) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays for DHC Delft. Club career Born in The Hague, Brouwer moved from Ajax to English side Liverpool in January 2007. After impressive form for the Liverpool Reserves – including scoring a goal in the Premier Reserve League play-off final in May 2008. He looked set to join FC Utrecht after a season long loan deal was agreed in August 2008, but the deal never materialised. He eventually left on loan for RKC Waalwijk in January 2009, until the end of the 2008–09 season, making five league appearances for the first team. In December 2010, Brouwer went on trial at ADO Den Haag, signing a contract with the club in January 2011 until the summer of 2012. He left the club in October 2011 when the player and club agreed a mutual termination of the contract. In February 2012 he joined Almere City, before moving to HBS Craeyenhout at the start of the 2012–13 season. The striker played 14 games during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brouwer–Haemers Graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Brouwer–Haemers graph is a 20- regular undirected graph with 81 vertices and 810 edges. It is a strongly regular graph, a distance-transitive graph, and a Ramanujan graph. Although its construction is folklore, it was named after Andries Brouwer and Willem H. Haemers, who proved its uniqueness as a strongly regular graph. Construction The Brouwer–Haemers graph has several related algebraic constructions. One of the simplest is as a degree-4 generalized Paley graph: it can be defined by making a vertex for each element in the finite field GF(81) and an edge for every two elements that differ by a fourth power. Properties The Brouwer–Haemers graph is the unique strongly regular graph with parameters (81, 20, 1, 6). This means that it has 81 vertices, 20 edges per vertex, 1 triangle per edge, and 6 length-two paths connecting each non-adjacent pair of vertices. As a strongly regular graph with the third para ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carolijn Brouwer
Carolijn Mariëlle Brouwer (born 25 July 1973, in Leiden) is a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented this country for the first time at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Brouwer as helmsman of the Dutch with Alexandra Verbeek as crew took the 13th place in the Women's 470. In the 2004 Olympics Brouwer returned to the Olympics in Europe and took 19th place. Brouwer than switched to the Tornado and qualified for the 2008 Olympics. However this time she sailed for Belgium. As helmsman, with crew Sébastien Godefroid she took 12th place. She received the ISAF World Sailor of the Year Award in 1998 and 2018. Brouwer was crewmember in three Volvo Ocean Races: * ''Amer Sports Too'' in 2001–02 (8th edition) * '' Team SCA'' in 2014–15 (12th edition) * ''Dongfeng Race Team ''Dongfeng Race Team'' was a Chinese sponsored Volvo Ocean 65 yacht. She finished third in the 2014–15 Volvo Ocean Race skippered by Charles Caudrelier and then went on to win the 2017-2018 e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleene–Brouwer Order
In descriptive set theory, the Kleene–Brouwer order or Lusin–Sierpiński order is a linear order on finite sequences over some linearly ordered set (X, <), that differs from the more commonly used in how it handles the case when one sequence is a of the other. In the Kleene–Brouwer order, the prefix is later than the longer sequence containing it, rather than earlier. The Kleene–Brouwer order generalizes the notion of a from finite trees to trees that are not necessarily finite. For trees over a well-ordered set, the Kleene–Brouwer order is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andries Brouwer
Andries Evert Brouwer (born 1951) is a Dutch mathematician and computer programmer, Professor Emeritus at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e). He is known as the creator of the greatly expanded 1984 to 1985 versions of the roguelike computer game ''Hack'' that formed the basis for ''NetHack''. He is also a Linux kernel hacker. He is sometimes referred to by the handle ''aeb''. Biography Born in Amsterdam, Brouwer attended the gymnasium, and obtained his MSc in mathematics at the University of Amsterdam in 1971. In 1976 he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Vrije Universiteit with a thesis entitled "Treelike Spaces and Related Topological Spaces", under the supervision of Maarten Maurice and Pieter Baayen, both of whom were in turn students of Johannes de Groot. In 2004 he received an honorary doctorate from Aalborg University. After graduation Brouwer started his academic career at the Mathematisch Centrum, later Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica. From 1986 to 2012 he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hendrik Brouwer
Hendrik Brouwer (; 1581 – 7 August 1643) was a Dutch explorer and governor of the Dutch East Indies. East Indies Brouwer is thought to first have sailed to the Dutch East Indies for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1606. In 1610, he left again to the Indies, now as commander of three ships. On this trip he devised the Brouwer Route, a route from South Africa to Java that reduced voyage duration from a year to about six months by taking advantage of the strong westerly winds in the Roaring Forties – latitudes between 40° and 50° south. Up to that point, the Dutch had followed a route copied from the Portuguese via the coast of Africa, Mauritius and Ceylon. By 1617, the VOC required all their ships to take the Brouwer route. After his arrival in 1611 in the East Indies, he was sent to Japan to replace Jacques Specx temporarily as opperhoofd at Dejima from 28 August 1612 to 6 August 1614. During that time he made a visit to the Japanese court at E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
