|
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types. Taxonomy The order Boletales originally was created to describe boletes, but based on micromorphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics, a large number of nonbolete species have recently been reclassified to belong to this group, as well. The order also includes some gilled mushrooms, in the families Gomphidiaceae, Serpulaceae, Tapinellaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, and Paxillaceae, which often have the same flesh texture as the boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Taxonomic studies using secondary metabolites an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlebopus
''Phlebopus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletinellaceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae of the Boletales order). The genus has a widespread distribution in subtropical and pantropical regions, and contains 12 species. The species are saprobic, with some possibly able to form mycorrhizae with exotic trees in certain conditions. It contains the gigantic ''Phlebopus marginatus'', the cap of which can reach in diameter. Taxonomy The genus was originally described as a subgenus of ''Boletus'' by Roger Heim in 1936, and raised to generic status by Rolf Singer that year. It was later redescribed with another type species (''Phaeogyroporus braunii'') under the name ''Phaeogyroporus'' by Rolf Singer in 1944. This name was used until 1981, when a specimen of ''Phlebopus colossus'' was collected and mycologist Paul Heinemann designated it as the lectotype. The genus name is derived from the Greek Φλεβο- "vein" and πους "foot". Description ''Phlebopus'' is similar in appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sclerodermatineae
Sclerodermatineae is a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Circumscribed in 2002 by mycologists Manfred Binder and Andreas Bresinsky, it contains nine genera and about 80 species. The suborder contains a diverse assemblage fruit body morphologies, including boletes, gasteroid forms, earthstars (genus ''Astraeus''), and puffballs. Most species are ectomycorrhizal, although the ecological role of some species is not known with certainty. The suborder is thought to have originated in the late Cretaceous (145–66 Ma) in Asia and North America, and the major genera diversified around the mid Cenozoic (66–0 Ma). Taxonomy The Sclerodermatineae was first legitimately used by Manfred Binder and Andreas Bresinsky in 2002 based on molecular analyses of nuclear ribosomal large subunit (25S) rRNA sequences from 60 species of Boletales. This research was an extension of Binder's 1999 graduate work, in which he argued for the need to recognize the molecular differences of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphidius Subroseus 1
''Gomphidius'' is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as spike-caps, that are members of the Boletales (suborder Suillineae), or pored fungi. They appear to have gill-like structures which resemble those of agarics, however the similarity is superficial only. The best-known member is the slimy spike-cap ('' Gomphidius glutinosus''). The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north temperate areas, and contains 10 species. Taxonomy Elias Magnus Fries initially described the genus as ''Agaricus'' subgenus ''Gomphus'' in 1821, before renaming it ''Gomphidius'' in 1825. The genus gives its name to the family Gomphidiaceae. Despite being agaricoid (bearing gills) the genus (and family) belong to the Boletales (suborder Suillineae). The related genus ''Chroogomphus'' (whose species were once classified in ''Gomphidius''), is distinguished by the lack of a partial veil. The genus name is derived from the Greek 'γομφος' ''gomphos'' meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletinellus
''Boletinellus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletinellaceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae of the Boletales). The genus was first described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill William Alphonso Murrill (October 13, 1869 – December 25, 1957) was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical ... in 1909. References External links Boletales Boletales genera Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serpulaceae
The Serpulaceae are a family of fungi in the Boletales order. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 4 genera and 20 species. However, a molecular phylogenetics study showed that the genus '' Neopaxillus'', which was formerly placed in this family, belongs in the family Crepidotaceae in the order Agaricales The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, a .... References Boletales Basidiomycota families {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisolithaceae
''Pisolithus'' is a genus of fungi within the family Sclerodermataceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae). The type species, ''P. arenarius'', is now known to be synonymous with ''P. arhizus''. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *''Pisolithus abditus'' – Thailand *''Pisolithus albus'' *''Pisolithus arenarius'' *''Pisolithus arhizus'' *''Pisolithus aurantioscabrosus'' - Malaysia *''Pisolithus aureosericeus'' *''Pisolithus calongei'' *''Pisolithus capsulifer'' *''Pisolithus croceorrhizus'' *''Pisolithus hypogaeus'' – Australia *''Pisolithus indicus'' – India *''Pisolithus kisslingii'' *''Pisolithus marmoratus'' *''Pisolithus microcarpus'' *'' Pisolithus orientalis'' *''Pisolithus thermaeus'' *''Pisolithus tinctorius'' *''Pisolithus tympanobaculus ''Pisolithus'' is a genus of fungi within the family Sclerodermataceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae). The type species, ''P. arenarius'', is now known to be synonymous with ''P. arhizus''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphidiaceae
The Gomphidiaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi in the order Boletales. Unlike other boletes, all members of Gomphidiaceae (except for ''Gomphogaster'') are agarics, having gills instead of pores. Member genera include ''Chroogomphus'', '' Cystogomphus'', '' Gomphidius'' and '' Gomphogaster'', the last being a monotypic genus (i.e. with a single species) that may be incorporated into Gomphidius in the future after molecular assessment. The similarly named genus '' Gomphus'' is unrelated to this family. Another genus ''Brauniellula'' has since been sunk into ''Chroogomphus''. Like all agarics, this group was formerly classified in Agaricales. Nonetheless, many of the microscopic features of these fungi, such as spore shape, strongly suggested an affinity with Boletales. This was later confirmed through molecular phylogenetic investigation, which demonstrated that Gomphidiaceae are more closely related to boletes than the "true" agarics of the Agaricales and that the develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyroporaceae
The Gyroporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales. The family is monogeneric, containing the single genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ... ''Gyroporus'', which, according to a 2008 estimate, contains ten widely distributed species, though a more recent study inferred the species-level diversity to be far higher. References Boletales Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletaceae
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete (''Boletus edulis''). A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes. Boletes are a group of mushrooms reasonably safe for human consumption, as none of them are known to be deadly to adults. Edible bolete species are especially suitable for novice collectors, since they pose little danger of being confused with deadly poisonous mushrooms, such as deadly ''Amanita'' species which bear gills instead of pores in their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protogastraceae
''Protogastraceae'' is a family of fungi in the order Boletales that contains the single genus ''Protogaster''. The genus in turn contains the single species ''Protogaster rhizophilus'', found on the roots of ''Viola'' in the USA. The family was described by American mycologist Sanford Myron Zeller Sanford Myron Zeller (19 October 1885 – 4 November 1948) was an American mycologist. Born in Coldwater, Michigan, Zeller was educated at Lawrence College in Wisconsin, then Greenville College in Illinois, from which he received a Bachelor of ... in 1934, the genus and species by Roland Thaxter. References Boletales Fungi of North America Monotypic Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletes
{{refimprove, date=July 2020 A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique mushroom cap. The cap is clearly different from the stem. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. However, there are some boletes that are gilled, such as species of '' Chroogomphus'', '' Gomphidius'', ''Paxillus'', '' Phylloporus'' and ''Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca''. "Bolete" is the English common name for fungus species whose mushroom caps have this appearance. The boletes are classified in the order Boletales. Not all members of the order Boletales are boletes. The micromorphology and molecular phylogeny of the order Boletales have established that it also contains many gilled, puffball, and other fruit body shapes. A similar pore surface is found in polypore Polypores are a group of fungi that form large fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the underside (see Delim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suillaceae
The Suillaceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales (suborder Suillineae), containing the boletus-like '' Suillus'', the small truffle-like ''Truncocolumella'', as well as the monotypic genus ''Psiloboletinus''. As of 2008, there are 54 species in the family. ''Gastrosuillus'', once considered a distinct genus, has been shown with molecular analysis Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or ... to be a recent evolutionary derivative of ''Suillus''. ''Fuscoboletinus'', described by Pomerleau and Smith in 1962, has also been subsumed into ''Suillus''.Kirk ''et al.'', p. 269. References Cited literature * Boletales Basidiomycota families {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
