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Gomphidiaceae
The Gomphidiaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi in the order Boletales. Unlike other boletes, all members of Gomphidiaceae (except for ''Gomphogaster'') are agarics, having gills instead of pores. Member genera include ''Chroogomphus'', '' Cystogomphus'', ''Gomphidius'' and '' Gomphogaster'', the last being a monotypic genus (i.e. with a single species) that may be incorporated into Gomphidius in the future after molecular assessment. The similarly named genus '' Gomphus'' is unrelated to this family. Another genus ''Brauniellula'' has since been sunk into ''Chroogomphus''. Like all agarics, this group was formerly classified in Agaricales. Nonetheless, many of the microscopic features of these fungi, such as spore shape, strongly suggested an affinity with Boletales. This was later confirmed through molecular phylogenetic investigation, which demonstrated that Gomphidiaceae are more closely related to boletes than the "true" agarics of the Agaricales and that the deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types. Taxonomy The order Boletales originally was created to describe boletes, but based on micromorphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics, a large number of nonbolete species have recently been reclassified to belong to this group, as well. The order also includes some gilled mushrooms, in the families Gomphidiaceae, Serpulaceae, Tapinellaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, and Paxillaceae, which often have the same flesh texture as the boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Taxonomic studies using secondary metabolites and later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphidius
''Gomphidius'' is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as spike-caps, that are members of the Boletales ( suborder Suillineae), or pored fungi. They appear to have gill-like structures which resemble those of agarics, however the similarity is superficial only. The best-known member is the slimy spike-cap ('' Gomphidius glutinosus''). The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north temperate areas, and contains 10 species. Taxonomy Elias Magnus Fries initially described the genus as ''Agaricus'' subgenus ''Gomphus'' in 1821, before renaming it ''Gomphidius'' in 1825. The genus gives its name to the family Gomphidiaceae. Despite being agaricoid (bearing gills) the genus (and family) belong to the Boletales ( suborder Suillineae). The related genus ''Chroogomphus'' (whose species were once classified in ''Gomphidius''), is distinguished by the lack of a partial veil. The genus name is derived from the Greek 'γομφος' ''gomphos'' meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chroogomphus
''Chroogomphus'' is a genus of mushrooms commonly known as pine-spikes or spike-caps based on their shape and because they are often found growing in association with pine trees. The genus is distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere including North America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia.Aime M, Miller OK. (2005). Proposal to Conserve the Name ''Chroogomphus'' Against ''Brauniellula'' (Gomphidiaceae). Taxon 55(1):227–228.abstract Taxonomy These fungi are members of the family Gomphidiaceae which are agaricoid members of the Boletales ( suborder Suillineae). Related to the genus ''Gomphidius'' (in which they were once classified), ''Chroogomphus'' are distinguished from ''Gomphidius'' by their lack of a partial veil. The genus name is derived from the Greek χρω- chroo-, meaning 'skin' or 'colour', and 'γομφος' ''gomphos'' meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'. Ecology Members of this genus have been thought to be ectomycorrhizal with various species of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphidius Glutinosus
''Gomphidius glutinosus'', commonly known as the slimy spike-cap, is a gilled mushroom found in Europe & North America. Although it has gills, it is a member of the order Boletales, along with the boletes. The fruiting bodies sprout in pine, fir and spruce woodland in Europe in autumn. Initially, are completely covered with a slimy veil, breaking through to reveal a greyish or brownish-capped mushroom with decurrent greyish gills which sometimes resembles a child's top. Opinions differ on the suitability of this mushroom for the table, some guides hold it in high regard, while others view it with caution. Taxonomy ''Gomphidius glutinosus'' was initially described by German mycologist Jacob Christian Schäffer as ''Agaricus glutinosus'' in 1774, in his series on fungi of Bavaria and the Palatinate, ''Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones.'' The father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries gave it its current genus and binomial name in 1838. The gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystogomphus
''Cystogomphus'' is a fungal genus in the family Gomphidiaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist Rolf Singer in 1942, the genus is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ..., containing the single species ''Cystogomphus humblotii'', originally described from France. References External links * Boletales Monotypic Boletales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphogaster
''Gomphogaster'' is a fungal genus in the family Gomphidiaceae. Circumscribed in 1972 by American mycologist Orson K. Miller, Jr., the genus is monotypic, containing the single gasteroid The gasteroid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota. Species were formerly placed in the obsolete class Gasteromycetes Fr. (literally "stomach fungi"), or the equally obsolete order Gasteromycetales Rea, because they produce spores ins ... species ''Gomphogaster leucosarx'', found in the United States. References External links * Boletales Monotypic Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphus (fungus)
''Gomphus'' is a genus of cantharelloid fungi in the family Gomphaceae. Once presumed to be related to chanterelles, molecular study has shown them to be allied with stinkhorns and fairy clubs. The type species of the genus is the pig's ear ('' G. clavatus''). Christiaan Hendrik Persoon named the genus in 1797, but did not assign any species to it at the time. The generic name is derived from the Greek 'γομφος' ''gomphos'' meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'. Species , Index Fungorum accepts 18 species of ''Gomphus'': *'' G. africanus'' R.H.Petersen 1976 – Africa *'' G. albidocarneus'' Villegas 2010 – southeastern Mexico * *''G. brasiliensis'' Corner 1970 – South America *'' G. brunneus'' (Heinem.) Corner 1966 – Mexico *'' G. calakmulensis'' Villegas & Cifuentes 2010 – southeastern Mexico *'' G. cavipes'' Corner 1970 – South America *'' G. clavatus'' (Pers.) Gray 1821 – Europe, North America *'' G. crassipes'' (L.M.Dufour) Maire 1937 – Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectomycorrhizal
An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ', "outside", μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobiont, and the roots of various plant species. The mycobiont is often from the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and more rarely from the Zygomycota. Ectomycorrhizas form on the roots of around 2% of plant species, usually woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine and rose families. Research on ectomycorrhizas is increasingly important in areas such as ecosystem management and restoration, forestry and agriculture. Unlike other mycorrhizal relationships, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate their host's cell walls. Instead they form an entirely intercellular interface known as the Hartig net, consisting of highly branched hyphae formi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemotaxonomy
Webster's Dictionary, Merriam-Webster defines ''chemotaxonomy'' as the method of biology, biological classification based on similarities and dissimilarity in the structure of certain chemical compound, compounds among the organisms being classified. Advocates argue that, as proteins are more closely controlled by genes and less subjected to natural selection than the anatomy, anatomical features, they are more reliable indicators of genetic distance, genetic relationships. The compounds studied most are proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, peptides etc. Physiology is the study of working of organ (anatomy), organs in a List of life forms, living being. Since working of the organs involves chemicals of the human body, body, these compounds are called biochemical, biochemical evidences. The study of Morphology (biology), morphological change has shown that there are changes in the anatomy, structure of animals which result in evolution. When changes take place in the structure of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletaceae
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete (''Boletus edulis''). A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes. Boletes are a group of mushrooms reasonably safe for human consumption, as none of them are known to be deadly to adults. Edible bolete species are especially suitable for novice collectors, since they pose little danger of being confused with deadly poisonous mushrooms, such as deadly ''Amanita'' species which bear gills instead of pores in their hym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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