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Battle Of Fort Royal
The Battle of Fort Royal was a naval battle fought off Fort Royal, Martinique in the West Indies during the Anglo-French War on 29 April 1781, between fleets of the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. After an engagement lasting four hours, the British squadron under Admiral Samuel Hood broke off and retreated. Admiral de Grasse offered a desultory chase before seeing the French convoys safe to port. Background In March 1781, a large French fleet under the command of Grasse left the port of Brest. Most of this fleet was headed for the West Indies. Of the 26 ships of the line, one was sent to North America, and five, under the command of the Suffren, were destined for India. The remaining twenty arrived off to Martinique on 28 April. On 17 April, Grasse had detached a cutter which arrived at Martinique on 26 to inform Bouillé of his arrival. Before sailing to the lee (western) side of the island, Grasse anchored the fleet and sent someone ashore to gather news and brin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-French War (1778–83)
The Anglo-French Wars were a series of conflicts between England (and after 1707, Britain) and France, including: Middle Ages High Middle Ages * Anglo-French War (1109–1113) – first conflict between the Capetian Dynasty and the House of Normandy post-Norman conquest * Anglo-French War (1116–1119) – conflict over English possession of Normandy * Anglo-French War (1123–1135) – conflict that amalgamated into The Anarchy * Anglo-French War (1158–1189) – first conflict between the Capetian Dynasty and the House of Plantagenet * Anglo-French War (1193–1199) – conflict between King Richard the Lionheart and King Philip Augustus * Anglo-French War (1202–1204) – French invasion of Normandy * Anglo-French War (1213–14) – conflict between King Philip Augustus and King John of England * Anglo-French War (1215–1217) – the French intervention in the First Barons War * Anglo-French War (1224) – known as the Poitou War * Anglo-French War (1242–43) – known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a Sovereign state, sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England (which included Wales) and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single Parliament of Great Britain, parliament at the Palace of Westminster, but distinct legal systems – English law and Scots law – remained in use. The formerly separate kingdoms had been in personal union since the 1603 "Union of the Crowns" when James VI of Scotland became King of England and King of Ireland. Since James's reign, who had been the first to refer to himself as "king of Great Britain", a political un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antigua
Antigua ( ), also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the Lesser Antilles. It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981. ''Antigua'' means "ancient" in Spanish after an icon in Seville Cathedral, "" — St. Mary of the Old Cathedral.Kessler, Herbert L. & Nirenberg, David. Judaism and Christian Art: Aesthetic Anxieties from the Catacombs to Colonialism'' Accessed 23 September 2011. The name ''Waladli'' comes from the indigenous inhabitants and means approximately "our own". The island's perimeter is roughly and its area . Its population was 83,191 (at the 2011 Census). The economy is mainly reliant on tourism, with the agricultural sector serving the domestic market. Over 22,000 people live in the capital city, St. John's. The capital is situated in the north-west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Russell (1764)
HMS ''Russell'' was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 10 November 1764 at Deptford. Career May, 1778 under command of Capt. Frances Samuel Drake. In 1782, she was commanded by Captain James Saumarez at the Battle of the Saintes. In 1794 she was part of Admiral Howe's fleet at the Glorious First of June, and in the following year ''Russell'' fought in the Battle of Groix. She also fought at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797. ''Russell'' was at Plymouth on 20 January 1795 and so shared in the proceeds of the detention of the Dutch naval vessels, East Indiamen, and other merchant vessels that were in port on the outbreak of war between Britain and the Netherlands. In 1797 ''Russell'' was commanded by Captain Henry Trollope, who led her at the Battle of Camperdown. On 24 February 1801, ''Lloyd's List'' reported that ''Russell'' had towed "''Duckingfield Hall''", Pedder, master, into Torbay. She had been sailing from Antigua to London when o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weather Gage
The weather gage (sometimes spelled weather gauge) is the advantageous position of a fighting sailing vessel relative to another. It is also known as "nautical gauge" as it is related to the sea shore. The concept is from the Age of Sail and is now antique. A ship at sea is said to possess the weather gage if it is in any position upwind of the other vessel. Proximity with the land, tidal and stream effects and wind variability due to geography (hills, cliffs, etc.) may also come into play. An upwind vessel is able to manoeuvre at will toward any downwind point, since the relative wind then moves aft. A vessel downwind of another, in attempting to attack upwind, is constrained to trim sail as the relative wind moves forward and cannot point too far into the wind for fear of being headed. In sailing warfare, when beating to windward, the vessel experiences heeling under the sideward pressure of the wind. This restricts gunnery, as cannon on the windward side are elevated, while the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney
Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, KB ( bap. 13 February 1718 – 24 May 1792), was a British naval officer. He is best known for his commands in the American War of Independence, particularly his victory over the French at the Battle of the Saintes in 1782. It is often claimed that he was the commander to have pioneered the tactic of breaking the line. Rodney came from a distinguished but poor background, and went to sea at the age of fourteen. His first major action was the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747. He made a large amount of prize money during the 1740s, allowing him to purchase a large country estate and a seat in the House of Commons of Great Britain. During the Seven Years' War, Rodney was involved in a number of amphibious operations such as the raids on Rochefort and Le Havre and the Siege of Louisbourg. He became well known for his role in the capture of Martinique in 1762. Following the Peace of Paris, Rodney's financial situation sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Toussaint Champion De Cicé
Louis-Toussaint Champion de Cicé (Rennes, 5 August 1732—Paris, 28 January 1792) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati. Biography Champion de Cicé was born to an aristocratic family. He was brother to , Bishop of Troyes and later Bishop of Auxerre, and to , who served as Minister of Justice and drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Champion de Cicé joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 12 January 1746. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 17 April 1757, and to Captain on 24 March 1772. He married Jeanne-Geneviève-Henriette de Fusée de Voisenon in 1767. In 1778, he served as first officer on the 74-gun ''Zodiaque'', part of the First Division of the White squadron in the fleet under Orvilliers. In 1780, he was given command of the 64-gun ''Solitaire'' in the squadron under Guichen. He took part in the Battle of Fort Royal on 29 avril 1781, and served un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Solitaire (1774)
''Solitaire'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, built by Antoine Groignard and launched in 1774, lead ship of her class. She was captured by the Royal Navy on 6 December 1782, and commissioned as the third rate HMS ''Solitaire''. She was sold out of the Navy in 1790. Career In 1776, ''Solitaire'' was under Chef d'Escadre Chartres as flagship of one of the three division of the Escadre d'évolution that year. In June, she collided with ''Terpsichore'' and both ships had to repair in Cadiz. In 1778, ''Solitaire'' was part of the Third Division of the Blue squadron in the fleet of Orvilliers, and took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778 under Captain Briqueville. In 1779, she was part of a division under Louis Augustin de Monteclerc, also comprising the frigates ''Inconstante'' and ''Surveillante'', and led an expedition to hunt down privateers. The division returned to Brest on 4 May 1779 with 400 prisoners. Later that year, ''Solitaire'' was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand-François Cillart De Suville
Armand-François Marie Cillart de Suville (Séglien, 1 February 1730 — Jersey, 30 June 1801) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence. Biography Cillart was born in an aristocratic family. His father was captain in a dragoon unit, and two of his brothers, Étienne-François de Cillart de Villeneuve and Jean-Marie de Villeneuve Cillart, also served in the Navy. Cillart joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in 1746. During the Seven Years' War, he served on the 74-gun ''Robuste'' in 1759. He took part in the expedition to Newfoundland under Ternay on the frigate ''Licorne''. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1771, and to Captain in 1777. In 1779, he was given command of the 64-gun ''Réfléchi'', part of the White squadron (centre) of the fleet under Orvilliers. He was wounded at the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and took part in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779 under Lamotte-Picquet. He later took part in the Battle of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Réfléchi (1776)
''Réfléchi'' was a 64-gun ''Solitaire''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. Career In 1779, ''Réfléchi'' was under Captain Cillart de Suville and part of the White squadron (centre) of the fleet under Orvilliers. ''Réfléchi'' took part in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779, when she, along with ''Annibal'' and ''Vengeur'', saved a convoy from the British off Fort Royal. She was part of the French squadron at the action of 20 March 1780 when she fought Parker's squadron off Saint Domingue, along with ''Diadème'', ''Amphion'' and ''Annibal'', and was present at the Battle of the Chesapeake The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 17 .... From 20 August 1783 to 28 December, she was at the Martinique station under Captain Du Bois. She became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges-François De Framond
Georges-François Godefroy Framond de La Framondie (4 February 1733, in Grèzes, Lozère — 28 September 1785, in Montargis) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati. Biography Framond was born to the family of Jeanne Marie Elisabeth Césarine de Rochefort d'Ailly, and of Louis François Framond de Grèzes, from Gévaudan. His brothers Charles-Auguste Framond de Grèzes and Étienne Aimé François Framond de La Framondie also served in the Navy. Framond joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in 1748. he was promoted to Lieutenant in 1757. In 1765, Framond commanded the 20-gun xebec ''Caméléon'' during the Larache expedition. In 1770, he was made a Knight in the Order of Saint Louis. In 1773, Framond was first officer on the 74-gun ''Protecteur'', for a journey from Brest to Toulon. In 1776, he commanded the 26-gun frigate ''Mignonne'' for missions to Greece and Cyprus. Framond was pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Caton (1777)
''Caton'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, launched in 1777. French career In 1780, ''Caton'' was part of the squadron under Guichen, captained by Georges-François de Framond. ''Caton'' was later attached to the squadron commanded by De Grasse. She took part in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780, as well as in the two smaller engagements of 15 and 19 May 1780. At the Battle of Fort Royal, on 29 April 1781, ''Caton'' was one of the four ships to come reinforce the squadron under De Grasse, along with ''Victoire'', ''Réfléchi'' and ''Solitaire''. She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781. On 10 April 1782, in the run-up to the Battle of the Saintes, ''Caton'' found herself becalmed and Framond asked for assistance. Despite having been sent a frigate, Framond decided to anchor at Basse-Terre without authorisation from his hierarchy. He thus failed to take part in the Battle of the Saintes, and a few days after, on 19 April 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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