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Barsanuphians
The Barsanuphians (also Barsanuphites or Bersounouphites) were a monophysite non-Chalcedonian Christian sect in Egypt between the late 6th and early 9th century. According to Timothy of Constantinople and the ''History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria'', the sect took its name from a certain Barsanuphius who assumed the title of bishop. They were counted among the '' Akephaloi'' (leaderless ones) who split from the mainstream monophysite patriarchate of Alexandria during the reign of the Emperor Zeno (474–491) on account of the ''Henoticon'' (482). They developed a distinct hierarchy, separating from the ''Akephaloi'', during the time of the Patriarch Damian (578–607). The Barsanuphians were limited to Alexandria and a few villages in the eastern Nile Delta. They do not seem to have had more than three bishops. Patriarch Agatho (661–677) ransomed some fugitive Barsanuphians along with members of his own flock, causing some to convert. During the reign of the Patriarch Alexan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Mark II Of Alexandria
Mark II (died 17 April 819) was the 49th Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria from 26 January 799 until his death. During his reign, around 810, the schismatic Barsanuphians were brought back into the Coptic fold. Mark baptized their leaders, George and Abraham, at the monastery of Saint Mina The Monastery of Saint Mina is a monastery of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria located in the Western Desert near Alexandria. It is dedicated to Saint Menas. The modern monastery is built close to the ruins of Abu Mena, the original pi ... and consecrated them as orthodox bishops (albeit without dioceses). Mark later appointed George to the diocese of Tanbudha and Abraham to that of Atripe. Mark also rebuilt and reconsecrated one of the former churches of the Barsanuphians. Notes Bibliography * * * 8th-century Coptic Orthodox popes of Alexandria 9th-century Coptic Orthodox popes of Alexandria 819 deaths {{OrientalOrthodox-clergy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muna
Kellia ("the Cells"), referred to as "the innermost desert", was a 4th-century Egyptian Christian monastic community spread out over many square kilometers in the Nitrian Desert about 40 miles south of Alexandria. It was one of three centers of monastic activity in the region, along with Nitria and Scetis (Wadi El Natrun). It is called al-Muna in Arabic and was inhabited until the 9th century. Only archaeological sites remain there today. History Founded in 338 C.E. by Saint Amun, under the spiritual guidance of Saint Anthony, it was designed for those who wished to enter the cenobitic life in a semi-anchoritic monastery. An account of its founding, perhaps legendary, is in the ''Apophthegmata Patrum''.William Harmless. ''Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism'', Oxford University Press, Jun 17, 2004pg. 281/ref> Amun, who was then a monk at Nitria, one day talked with Anthony saying that he and some brothers wanted to move away "that they ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timothy Of Constantinople
Timothy of Constantinople (fl. c. 600/700) was a Chalcedonian Christian heresiologist and presbyter of the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. He wrote a treatise in Greek on Christian heresies from a Chalcedonian perspective, ''On Those Who Enter the Church, or On the Reception of Heretics''. This pastoral work is best described as "a handbook on the procedure for admitting heretics to the church".Frank R. Trombley"The Council in Trullo (691–692): A Study of the Canons Relating to Paganism, Heresy, and the Invasions" ''Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies'', 9.1 (1978), pp. 1–18. Timothy classifies heresies based on the requirements for admission that the orthodox church placed on their members. In his first category were those heretics who would need to be baptised before they could be accepted into the church; in the second, those who needed to be anointed but not baptised; and in the third, those who only needed to abjure all heresy (including t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akephaloi
In church history, the term ' (from Ancient Greek: ', "headless", singular ' from ', "without", and ', "head") has been applied to several sects that supposedly had no leader. E. Cobham Brewer wrote, in ''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'', that acephalites, "properly means men without a head." Jean Cooper wrote, in ''Dictionary of Christianity'', that it characterizes "various schismatical Christian bodies". This is "based on the Christian references taken from Brewer's ''Dictionary of phrase and fable''". Among them were Nestorians who rejected the Council of Ephesus’ condemnation of Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople, which deposed Nestorius and declared him a heretic. Fifth-century ''acephali'' Those who refused to acknowledge the authority of the Council of Chalcedon were originally called Haesitantes; the ' developed from among them, and, according to Blunt, the earlier name – Haesitantes – seems to have been used for onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barsanuphius Of Gaza
Barsanuphius ( gr, Βαρσανούφιος, Barsanouphios, it, Barsonofio, Barsanofrio, Barsanorio; died c. 545), also known as Barsanuphius of Palestine or Barsanuphius of Gaza, was a Christian hermit and writer of the sixth century. Born in Egypt, he lived in absolute seclusion for fifty years, and then near the monastery of Saint Seridon of Gaza in Palestine. He wrote many letters, 800 of which have survived. He corresponded mainly with John the Prophet, abbot of the monastery of Merosala and teacher of Dorotheus of Gaza. Barsanuphius and John ''Letters'', translated by John Chryssavgis Catholic University of America Press (2002) At the old age he convinced the emperor to renew the concordant relationship with the Church of Jerusalem. Veneration His relics arrived in Oria, in Italy, with a Palestinian monk in 850 AD and placed in the present-day church of San Francesco da Paola by Bishop Theodosius. During a Moorish siege and taking of the city, the relics were lost but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Damian Of Alexandria
Damian of Alexandria (died 605) was the List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria, Coptic pope and patriarch of Alexandria from 576. Originally from Syria, where his brother was a prefect in Edessa, Mesopotamia, Edessa, he became a monk in his early years and spent sixteen years in the Egyptian Wadi El Natrun, desert of Scete, where he was ordained a deacon in the monastery of John the Dwarf, St. John the Short. Afterward, he went to a monastery near Alexandria and continued to practice asceticism. When Pope Peter IV of Alexandria was enthroned on the See of St. Mark, he made Damian a private secretary, during which Damian earned much esteem for his goodness. After Peter's death in 569, the bishops unanimously agreed to ordain him a patriarch. In addition to pastoring the church, he wrote many epistles and discourses, including a reaffirmation of the miaphysite and non-Chalcedonian views. He reigned for almost thirty-six years. Controversies While serving as Patriarch, Damian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophysite
Monophysitism ( or ) or monophysism () is a Christological term derived from the Greek (, "alone, solitary") and (, a word that has many meanings but in this context means "nature"). It is defined as "a doctrine that in the person of the incarnated Word (that is, in Jesus Christ) there was only one nature—the divine". Background The First Council of Nicaea (325) declared that Christ was divine (homoousios, consubstantial, of one being or essence, with the Father) and human (was incarnate and became man). In the fifth century a heated controversy arose between the sees and theological schools of Antioch and Alexandria about how divinity and humanity existed in Christ, the former stressing the humanity, the latter the divinity of Christ. Cyril of Alexandria succeeded in having Nestorius, a prominent exponent of the Antiochian school, condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431, and insisted on the formula "one ''physis'' of the incarnate Word", claiming that any formula that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fustat
Fusṭāṭ ( ar, الفُسطاط ''al-Fusṭāṭ''), also Al-Fusṭāṭ and Fosṭāṭ, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule, and the historical centre of modern Cairo. It was built adjacent to what is now known as Old Cairo by the Rashidun Muslim general 'Amr ibn al-'As immediately after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, and featured the Mosque of Amr, the first mosque built in Egypt. The city reached its peak in the 12th century, with a population of approximately 200,000.Williams, p. 37 It was the centre of administrative power in Egypt, until it was ordered burnt in 1168 by its own vizier, Shawar, to keep its wealth out of the hands of the invading Crusaders. The remains of the city were eventually absorbed by nearby Cairo, which had been built to the north of Fustat in 969 when the Fatimids conquered the region and created a new city as a royal enclosure for the Caliph. The area fell into disrepair for hundreds of years and was used as a rubbish dump ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monastery Of Saint Mina
The Monastery of Saint Mina is a monastery of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria located in the Western Desert near Alexandria. It is dedicated to Saint Menas. The modern monastery is built close to the ruins of Abu Mena, the original pilgrimage site dating from the mid-7th century. History Following the execution of Saint Mina, his sister brought his body to a church in Alexandria. When the time of persecution ended, during the papacy of Pope Athanasius of Alexandria, an angel appeared to the Pope and ordered him to load the saint's body on a camel and head towards the Western Desert. At a certain spot near a water well at the end of Lake Mariout, not far from Alexandria, the camel stopped and wouldn't move. The Christians took this a sign from God and there buried Saint Mina's body after placing it in a silver coffin. The coffin was later placed inside decay-resistant wood and buried at the same location. Most versions of the story state that the location of the tomb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canon Law
Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law, or operational policy, governing the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these four bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law. Etymology Greek / grc, κανών, Arabic / , Hebrew / , 'straight'; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is 'reed'; see also the Romance-language ancestors of the Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
