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Arctomia Teretiuscula
''Arctomia teretiuscula'' is a rare species of squamulose (scaly) lichen in the family Arctomiaceae. It is found at high elevations in the mountains between Tibet and Sichuan, China. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected by Walter Obermayer in Haigoulou glacier and forest park (Mount Gongga) at an altitude between ; here it was found growing on mossy rocks and soil. Because of its small size and nondescript colour, it is readily missed in the field. Although at the time of publication the lichen was only known to occur at the type location, Jørgensen speculates that it may have a wider distribution in similar habitats in the Himalayas. Description The lichen forms dark brown squamulose rosettes up to in diameter. Its thallus is coral-like in form and has a multilayer cortex with a compact layer of cyanobionts. Its ascospores, which number 8 per ascus, are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squamulose Lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do. Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. ''Crustose'' adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. ''Crustose'' is found on rocks ... and foliose lichens. Examples of squamulose lichen include '' Vahliella leucophaea'', '' Cladonia subcervicornis'' and '' Lichenomphalia hudsoniana''. References Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Described In 2003
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plants. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( foliose); grow crust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Baeomycetales
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa. Taxonomy The family Baeomycetaceae was originally proposed by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1829 (under the spelling ''Baeomyceae''); he included two genera, ''Baeomyces'' and ''Calicium''. Baeomycetaceae was initially classified in the Lecanorales, and Baeomycetaceae and Cladoniaceae were thought to be closely related, sharing a phylogenetic origin in Lecideaceae. It was transferred to the order Helotiales based on the structure of its ascus, which is similar to those in genus '' Leotia''. However, the Helotiales consists of mostly non-lichenised fungi. The first DNA studies conducted with ''Baeomyces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctomia
''Arctomia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. The genus was originally circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861. ''Arctomia'' has a circumpolar distribution. Species *''Arctomia delicatula'' *''Arctomia papuanorum'' *''Arctomia teretiuscula'' – China *''Arctomia uviformis'' Molecular phylogenetic evidence revealed inappropriate classifications for two species once placed in this genus, ''A. insignis'' and ''A. borbonica'' ; they were formally transferred to the genus ''Gabura'' in 2020. ''Arctomia fascicularis'' was confirmed to belong to ''Gabura'', a generic placement originally proposed by Per Magnus Jørgensen in 2014. References Baeomycetales Baeomycetales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Theodor Magnus Fries Taxa described in 1861 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctomia Delicatula
''Arctomia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. The genus was originally circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861. ''Arctomia'' has a circumpolar distribution. Species *'' Arctomia delicatula'' *''Arctomia papuanorum'' *'' Arctomia teretiuscula'' – China *''Arctomia uviformis'' Molecular phylogenetic evidence revealed inappropriate classifications for two species once placed in this genus, ''A. insignis'' and ''A. borbonica'' ; they were formally transferred to the genus ''Gabura ''Gabura'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. Although it was originally circumscribed in 1763 by French botanist Michel Adanson, the name was nomen rejiciendum–it was "suppressed" against the conserved name '' ...'' in 2020. ''Arctomia fascicularis'' was confirmed to belong to ''Gabura'', a generic placement originally proposed by Per Magnus Jørgensen in 2014. References Baeomycetales Baeomycetales gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other less frequently used spot tests of more limited use that are employed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of an inert substrate such as glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase. After the sample has been applied on the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (known as the mobile phase) is drawn up the plate via capillary action. Because different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates, separation is achieved. It may be performed on the analytical scale as a means of monitoring the progress of a reaction, or on the preparative scale to purify small amounts of a compound. TLC is an analytical tool widely used because of its simplicity, relative low cost, high sensitivity, and speed of separation. TLC functions on the same principle as all chromatography: a com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolite
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a selective advantage for the organism by increasing its survivability or fecundity. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, a 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physiology in 1910. 30 years later a Polish botanist Friedrich Czapek described secondary metabolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrometre
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-" = ); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, , or about ). The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (). The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to . The longest human chromosome, chromosome 1, is approximately in length. Examples Between 1 μm and 10 μm: * 1–10 μm – length of a typical bacterium * 3–8 μm – width of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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