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Al-Jafr (book)
''Al-Jafr'' ( ar, ٱلْجَفْر) is a mystical book which, in Shia belief, includes esoteric teachings, dictated by the Islamic prophet Muhammad to Ali. Ali was cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad and is regarded by the Shia as their first Imam and the rightful successor to Muhammad. In Shia belief, ''al-Jafr'' was a source of special knowledge in Muhammad's household, available to the successors of Ali, namely, Shia Imams, which was handed down from each Imam to the next. The book is said to contain all information ever needed in matters of religion, including a detailed penal code that accounts even for bruises. The first mention of the book is often associated with the sixth Shia Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Twelver Shia believe that the book is now in the possession of the last Imam, Mahdi. Alternatively, ''al-Jafr'' might refer to two leather bags, one of which contains various scrolls of the past prophets and the scrolls inherited from Muhammad, Ali, and Fatimah, daugh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia Islam
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of Muhammad's other companions (''ṣaḥāba'') at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunnī Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before his death and consider Abū Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful (''rāshidūn'') caliph after Muhammad. Adherents of Shīʿa Islam are called Shīʿa Muslims, Shīʿītes, or simply Shīʿa or Shia. Shīʿa Islam is based on a ''ḥadīth'' report concerning Muhammad's pronouncement at Ghadir Khumm.Esposito, John. "What Everyone Nee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawrat
The Tawrat ( ar, ), also romanized as Tawrah or Taurat, is the Arabic-language name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to have been given by God to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel. When referring to traditions from the ''Tawrat'', Muslims have not only identified it with the ''Pentateuch'', but also with the other books of the Hebrew Bible as well as with Talmudic and Midrashim writings. In the Quran The word Tawrat occurs eighteen times in the Quran and the name of Musa is mentioned 136 times in the Quran; nowhere in the Quran is it written that Moses alone has been given the Tawrat, but on the contrary it is written in the Quran that the prophets governed with the Tawrat. As per Quran, the governing ayats containing an order of God is the Tawrat. The Law mentioned in the Quran (5:45): Similarly it is mentioned in Exodus: According to 7:157, Muhammad is written about in both the Injil (Gospel), revel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushaf
A muṣḥaf ( ar, مُصْحَفْ, ; plural ''maṣāḥif'') is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year period in Muhammad's lifetime, were written on various pieces of paper during Muhammad's era. Two decades later, these papers were assembled into one volume under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, and this collection has formed the basis of all written copies of the Quran to the present day. In Arabic, ''al-Qur’ān'' means 'the Recitation', and Islam states that it was recited orally by Muhammad after receiving it via the angel Gabriel. The word ''muṣḥaf'' is meant to distinguish between Muhammad's recitations and the physical, written Quran. This term does not appear in the Quran itself, though it does refer to itself as a ''kitāb'' (كِتَابٌ), or book or writings, from yaktubu (يَكْتُبُ) or to write, in many verse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letter Of Ali Ibn Abi Talib To Malik Al-Ashtar
The 7th century letter of Ali ibn Abi Talib to Malik al-Ashtar was sent by the Islamic leader Ali to Malik al-Ashtar, a loyal supporter who served as the governor of Egypt. The letter advises Malik al-Ashtar how to treat the people of Egypt justly. It has come to be seen by some as a model of just Islamic governance. It is the 53rd letter in ''Nahj al-Balagha''. Background At the time, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was the governor of Egypt. Amr ibn al-As, one of Mu'awiyah's companions, wanted to become the governor of Egypt. So he rallied 6,000 soldiers and headed towards Egypt."Biography of Malik al-Ashtar." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2013. After learning this, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr wrote a letter to Ali seeking support. Ali wrote back assuring him that he would send his best general and one of his closest companions, Malik al-Ashtar. Ali then added: "Malik, may Allah have mercy on you, go to Egypt. I have absolute trust in you. Rely on Allah! Use gentleness in its place and intensity i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghurar Al-Hikam Wa Durar Al-Kalim
The ''Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim'' ( ar, غرر الحکم و درر الکلم, literally "exalted aphorisms and pearls of speech") is a comprehensive collection of pietistic and ethical statements and aphorisms attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. This work was compiled by Abdul Wahid al-Tamimi and consists of nearly 11,000 short sayings. It has been translated to English recently. Compiler ''Ghurar al-Hikam'' was compiled by Qadhi Nasih Al-Deen Abu al-Fath Abd al-Wahid Ibn Muhammad al-Tamimi al-Amudi, who lived in the fifth or sixth century AH. He is described as either a Shafii jurist or a Twelver Shia. In particular, Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, Mirza Abdollah, Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi, and Ibn Shar Ashoob name him as a Shia scholar in their works. He was a student to al-Ghazali and a teacher to Ibn Shahr Ashoob. Contents ''Ghurar al-Hikam'' includes 10760 sayings attributed to Ali, which have been sorted alphabetica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Francis Burton
Sir Richard Francis Burton (; 19 March 1821 – 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, writer, orientalist scholar,and soldier. He was famed for his travels and explorations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as his extraordinary knowledge of languages and cultures. According to one count, he spoke twenty-nine languages. Burton's best-known achievements include: a well-documented journey to Mecca in disguise, at a time when non-Muslims were forbidden access on pain of death; an unexpurgated translation of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' (commonly called ''The Arabian Nights'' in English after early translations of Antoine Galland's French version); the publication of the ''Kama Sutra'' in English; a translation of ''The Perfumed Garden'', the "Arab ''Kama Sutra''"; and a journey with John Hanning Speke as the first Europeans to visit the Great Lakes of Africa in search of the source of the Nile. His works and letters extensively criticised colonial policies of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Thousand And One Nights
''One Thousand and One Nights'' ( ar, أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ, italic=yes, ) is a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the ''Arabian Nights'', from the first English-language edition (), which rendered the title as ''The Arabian Nights' Entertainment''. The work was collected over many centuries by various authors, translators, and scholars across West, Central and South Asia, and North Africa. Some tales trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic literature, Arabic, Egyptian literature, Egyptian, Sanskrit literature, Sanskrit, Persian literature, Persian, and Mesopotamian myths, Mesopotamian literature. Many tales were originally folk stories from the Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid and Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk eras, while others, especially the frame story, are most probably drawn from the Middle Persian literature#"Pahlavi" literature, Pahlavi Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israelite
The Israelites (; , , ) were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan. The earliest recorded evidence of a people by the name of Israel appears in the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt, dated to about 1200 BCE. According to the modern archaeological account, the Israelites and their culture branched out of the Canaanite peoples and their cultures through the development of a distinct monolatristic—and later monotheistic—religion centred on the national god Yahweh.Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). The record would suggest that the Isra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham In Islam
According to the Islamic faith, Abraham ( ar, إِبْرَاهِيْمُ, ʾIbrāhīm, ) was a Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet and messenger of God in Islam, God, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelites#Quran, Ishmaelite Arabs and Twelve Tribes of Israel#In Islam, Israelites. Abraham plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Muslim belief, Abraham fulfilled all the commandments and trials wherein God nurtured him throughout his lifetime. As a result of his unwavering faith in God in Islam, God, Abraham was promised by God to be a leader to all the nations of the world. The Quran extols Abraham as a model, an exemplar, obedient and not an idolater. In this sense, Abraham has been described as representing "primordial man in universal surrender to the Divine Reality before its fragmentation into religions separated from each other by differences in form". Muslims believe that the Kaaba in Mecca was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suhuf Ibrahim
The Scrolls of Abraham ( ar, صحف إبراهيم, ''Ṣuḥuf ʾIbrāhīm'') ''Ṣuḥufi ʾIbrāhīm'' and/or ''Aṣ-Ṣuḥufi 'l-Ūlā'' - "Books of the Earliest Revelation", name= are a part of the religious scriptures of Islam. These scriptures are believed to have contained the revelations of Abraham received from God, which were written down by him as well as his scribes and followers. The scrolls are believed to have been one of the earliest bodies of scripture, which were given to Abraham, and later used by Ishmael ( ''Ismā‘īl'') and Isaac ( ''Isḥāq''). Although usually referred to as "scrolls", many translators have translated the Arabic ''suhuf'' as "books". The verse mentioning the "Scriptures" is in Quran 87:18-19 where they are referred to, alongside the Scrolls of Moses, to have been "Books of Earlier Revelation". Background In two ''surah'' (chapters), which are dated from the first Meccan period, there is a reference to the 'Leaves, Scrolls, Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the third king of the United Kingdom of Israel. In the Books of Samuel, he is described as a young shepherd and harpist who gains fame by slaying Goliath, a champion of the Philistines, in southern Canaan. David becomes a favourite of Saul, the first king of Israel; he also forges a notably close friendship with Jonathan, a son of Saul. However, under the paranoia that David is seeking to usurp the throne, Saul attempts to kill David, forcing the latter to go into hiding and effectively operate as a fugitive for several years. After Saul and Jonathan are both killed in battle against the Philistines, a 30-year-old David is anointed king over all of Israel and Judah. Following his rise to power, David ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psalms
The Book of Psalms ( or ; he, תְּהִלִּים, , lit. "praises"), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the ("Writings"), the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Old Testament. The title is derived from the Greek translation, (), meaning "instrumental music" and, by extension, "the words accompanying the music". The book is an anthology of individual Hebrew religious hymns, with 150 in the Jewish and Western Christian tradition and more in the Eastern Christian churches. Many are linked to the name of David, but modern mainstream scholarship rejects his authorship, instead attributing the composition of the psalms to various authors writing between the 9th and 5th centuries BC. In the Quran, the Arabic word ‘Zabur’ is used for the Psalms of David in the Hebrew Bible. Structure Benedictions The Book of Psalms is divided into five sections, each closing with a doxology (i.e., a benediction). These divisions were probably intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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