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1681 In Science
The year 1681 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physiology and medicine * November 29 – The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh is granted a royal charter. * John Mayow gives the first known description of mitral stenosis. Technology * May 15 – The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially as the ''Canal Royal de Languedoc''. * Samuel Morland demonstrates improvements in water pumps. Publications * Thomas Burnet's cosmogony ''Telluris Theoria Sacra, or Sacred Theory of the Earth'' is published in England. * Spanish people, Spanish Jesuit astronomer Eusebio Kino publishes his observations of the Great Comet of 1680 in Mexico City as ''Exposisión astronómica de el cometa'', one of the earliest scientific treatises published by a European in the New World. Births * August 12 – Vitus Bering, Denmark, Danish explorer (died 1741 in science, 1741) Deaths * * Marie Fouquet, French medical writer (born 1590 in science, 1590) References {{r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = , founding_location = , type = Order of clerics regular of pontifical right (for men) , headquarters = Generalate:Borgo S. Spirito 4, 00195 Roma-Prati, Italy , coords = , region_served = Worldwide , num_members = 14,839 members (includes 10,721 priests) as of 2020 , leader_title = Motto , leader_name = la, Ad Majorem Dei GloriamEnglish: ''For the Greater Glory of God'' , leader_title2 = Superior General , leader_name2 = Fr. Arturo Sosa, SJ , leader_title3 = Patron saints , leader_name3 = , leader_title4 = Ministry , leader_name4 = Missionary, educational, literary works , main_organ = La Civiltà Cattolica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1681 In Science
The year 1681 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physiology and medicine * November 29 – The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh is granted a royal charter. * John Mayow gives the first known description of mitral stenosis. Technology * May 15 – The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially as the ''Canal Royal de Languedoc''. * Samuel Morland demonstrates improvements in water pumps. Publications * Thomas Burnet's cosmogony ''Telluris Theoria Sacra, or Sacred Theory of the Earth'' is published in England. * Spanish people, Spanish Jesuit astronomer Eusebio Kino publishes his observations of the Great Comet of 1680 in Mexico City as ''Exposisión astronómica de el cometa'', one of the earliest scientific treatises published by a European in the New World. Births * August 12 – Vitus Bering, Denmark, Danish explorer (died 1741 in science, 1741) Deaths * * Marie Fouquet, French medical writer (born 1590 in science, 1590) References {{r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1590 In Science
The year 1590 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * Establishment of Hortus Botanicus Leiden. Its director was Carolus Clusius. Births * Marie Fouquet, French medical writer (died 1681) * ''approx. date'' – Giovanni Battista Zupi, Italian astronomer (died 1650) Deaths * August 25 – Giulio Alessandrini, Italian physician, author, and poet (born 1506). * December 20 – Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (born c. 1510 Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter. * ...). References {{Reflist 16th century in science 1590s in science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Fouquet
Marie François Fouquet (1590–1681), was a French medical writer and philanthropist. She was born to Gilles de Maupeou, and married to François IV Fouquet (1587–1640). She was the manager of the hospital ''Dame de la Charité de l'Hôtel-Dieu'' in Paris (1634), director of the hospital ''l'Hôpital des Filles de la Providence'' in Paris (1658), and manager of the ''hospital des Dames de la Propagation de La Foi'' (1664). She wrote a book which was published in 1685: ''Les remèdes charitables de Madame Fouquet, pour guérir à peu de frais toute forme de maux tant internes qu'externes, invéterez, et qui ont passé jusques à présent pour incurables, experimentez par la même dame : et augmentez de la méthode que l'on pratique à l'Hôtel des Invalides pour guérir les soldats de la vérole''; this was a medical work which described medical experiments and treatments she herself had developed to cure various illnesses, among them syphilis Syphilis () is a sexually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1741 In Science
The year 1741 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * August 29 – Pluto (not known at the time) reached perihelion (closest approach to the Sun). * December 11 – a "Fire-ball" and explosion heard over southern England, about 11 a.m. "a countryman ... saw a flash of Lightning Before he heard the Noise ... The sound was double ... a Ball of Fire ... took its Course to the East ... over Westminster ... it divided into Two Heads [and] left a Train of Smoke ... which continued ascending for 20 minutes". The description is reminiscent of the Chelyabinsk meteor of 2013. * Anders Celsius establishes the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory. * Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin publishes his first paper on the moons of Jupiter, in the ''Acta'' of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala. * Edmund Weaver (astronomer), Edmund Weaver publishes ''The British Telescope: Being an Ephemeris of the Coelestial Motions''. Botany * Johann Jacob Dillenius publishes ''Historia Mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Explorer
Exploration refers to the historical practice of discovering remote lands. It is studied by geographers and historians. Two major eras of exploration occurred in human history: one of convergence, and one of divergence. The first, covering most of ''Homo sapiens'' history, saw humans moving out of Africa, settling in new lands, and developing distinct cultures in relative isolation. Early explorers settled in Europe and Asia; 14,000 years ago, some crossed the Ice Age land bridge from Siberia to Alaska, and moved southbound to settle in the Americas. For the most part, these cultures were ignorant of each other's existence. The second period of exploration, occurring over the last 10,000 years, saw increased cross-cultural exchange through trade and exploration, and marked a new era of cultural intermingling, and more recently, convergence. Early writings about exploration date back to the 4th millennium B.C. in ancient Egypt. One of the earliest and most impactful thinkers of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark
) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark , established_title = History of Denmark#Middle ages, Consolidation , established_date = 8th century , established_title2 = Christianization , established_date2 = 965 , established_title3 = , established_date3 = 5 June 1849 , established_title4 = Faroese home rule , established_date4 = 24 March 1948 , established_title5 = European Economic Community, EEC 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, accession , established_date5 = 1 January 1973 , established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule , established_date6 = 1 May 1979 , official_languages = Danish language, Danish , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = German language, GermanGerman is recognised as a protected minority language in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitus Bering
Vitus Jonassen Bering (baptised 5 August 1681 – 19 December 1741),All dates are here given in the Julian calendar, which was in use throughout Russia at the time. also known as Ivan Ivanovich Bering, was a Danish cartographer and explorer in Russian service, and an officer in the Russian Navy. He is known as a leader of two Russian expeditions, namely the First Kamchatka Expedition and the Great Northern Expedition, exploring the north-eastern coast of the Asian continent and from there the western coast on the North American continent. The Bering Strait, the Bering Sea, Bering Island, the Bering Glacier, and Vitus Lake were all named in his honor. Taking to the seas as a ship's boy at the age of fifteen, Bering travelled extensively over the next eight years, as well as taking naval training in Amsterdam. In 1704, he enrolled with the rapidly expanding Russian navy of Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great). After serving with the navy in significant but non-combat roles during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of . The city has 16 boroughs or ''demarcaciones territoriales'', which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or ''colonias''. The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish language, Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product, GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Comet Of 1680
C/1680 V1, also called the Great Comet of 1680, Kirch's Comet, and Newton's Comet, was the first comet discovered by telescope. It was discovered by Gottfried Kirch and was one of the brightest comets of the seventeenth century. Overview The comet was discovered by Gottfried Kirch, a German astronomer, on 14 November 1680 (New Style), in Coburg, and it became one of the brightest comets of the seventeenth century – reputedly visible even in daytime – and was noted for its spectacularly long tail. Passing 0.42 au from Earth on 30 November 1680, it sped around an extremely close perihelion of on 18 December 1680, reaching its peak brightness on 29 December as it swung outward. It was last observed on 19 March 1681. JPL Horizons shows the comet has roughly a barycentric orbital period of years. the comet is about from the Sun. While the Kirch Comet of 1680–1681 was discovered by – and subsequently named for – Gottfried Kirch, credit must also be given to Eusebio Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusebio Kino
Eusebio Francisco Kino ( it, Eusebio Francesco Chini, es, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711), often referred to as Father Kino, was a Tyrolean Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer born in the Territory of the Bishopric of Trent, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. For the last 24 years of his life he worked in the region then known as the Pimería Alta, modern-day Sonora in Mexico and southern Arizona in the United States. He explored the region and worked with the indigenous Native American population, including primarily the Tohono O'Odham, Sobaipuri and other Upper Piman groups. He proved that the Baja California Territory was not an island but a peninsula by leading an overland expedition there. By the time of his death he had established 24 missions and visitas (country chapels or visiting stations). Early life Kino was born Eusebio Chini (the spelling Kino was the version for use in Spanish-speaking domains) in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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