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1586 In Science
The year 1586 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The last time Mercury and Venus transit the sun at the same time. Botany * Jacques Daléchamps publishes ''Historia generalis plantarum'' in Lyon, describing 2,731 plants, a record number for this time. Cryptography * Blaise de Vigenère publishes ''Traicté des chiffres ou secretes manières d'escrire'' in Paris, describing an autokey cipher of his invention. Exploration * July 21 – Thomas Cavendish sets out from Plymouth in the ''Desire'' on the first deliberately planned circumnavigation. Mathematics * Francesco Barozzi publishes ''Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum quod docet duas lineas in eodem plano designare'', a treatise on the construction of parallel lines. Medicine * Timothy Bright publishes ''A Treatise of Melancholie; containing the causes thereof, & reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiden
Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration with its suburbs Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten and Zoeterwoude with 206,647 inhabitants. The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) further includes Katwijk in the agglomeration which makes the total population of the Leiden urban agglomeration 270,879, and in the larger Leiden urban area also Teylingen, Noordwijk, and Noordwijkerhout are included with in total 348,868 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the Oude Rijn, at a distance of some from The Hague to its south and some from Amsterdam to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden. A university city since 1575, Leiden has been one of Europe's most prominent scientific centres for more than four centuries. Leide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1654 In Science
The year 1654 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Sicilian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna publishes ''De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus'' including a catalog of comets and nebulae. Mathematics * At the prompting of the Chevalier de Méré, Blaise Pascal corresponds with Pierre de Fermat on gambling problems, from which is born the theory of probability. Physics * May 8 – Otto von Guericke demonstrates the effectiveness of his vacuum pump and the power of atmospheric pressure using the Magdeburg hemispheres before Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, in Regensburg. Births * December 27 – Jakob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1705). * John Banister, English missionary and botanist (died 1692). * ''prob. date'' – Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (died 1709). Deaths * August 31 – Ole Worm, Danish physician, natural historian and antiquary (born 1588) * October 18 – Nicholas Culpeper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni De Galliano Pieroni
Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni (1586–1654) was a military engineer specialized in erecting fortifications, architect, mathematician and astronomer who gained particular fame in his day as also as author of horoscopes. Early in his life, he became friendly with the astronomer, mathematician and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – like Pieroni, Galileo also wrote on constructing fortifications, and the two shared interest in mathematics and astronomy. He was also a contemporary and friend of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) while both spent time in Prague. Biography Pieroni was born in Florence on 5 March 1586. His childhood and education was privileged because his father Alessandro Pieroni (1550-1607) was an architect at the court of the Medici. After studying law, he was awarded a doctorate in law in Pisa in 1608. He studied under Bernardo Buontalenti (1531-1608). During that time he befriended Galileo, who served then the Tuscan Grand Duke, Cosimo II di Medici. The two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1635 In Science
The year 1635 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * Jardin des Plantes, Paris, planted as a physic garden by Guy de La Brosse. Publication * Guillaume de Baillou's ''Opera medica omnia'', Paris. Births * May 9 – J. J. Becher, German physician and chemist (died 1682) * July 18 – Robert Hooke, English scientist and inventor (died 1703) * November 22 – Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist (died 1672) Deaths * September 16 – Metius, Dutch mathematician (born 1571) * October 22 – Wilhelm Schickard, German professor of Hebrew and Astronomy (born 1592) * John Mason, English explorer (born 1586 Events * January 18 – The 7.9 Tenshō earthquake strikes the Chubu region of Japan, triggering a tsunami and causing at least 8,000 deaths. * June 16 – The deposed and imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of ...) References {{Reflist, 80em 17th century in science 1630s in science< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Mason (governor)
Captain John Mason (1586–1635) was a sailor and colonist who was instrumental to the establishment of various settlements in colonial America. Born in 1586 at King's Lynn, Norfolk, and educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge. In 1610, he was appointed by James I to help reclaim the Hebrides. As a reward, he was granted exclusive fishing rights in the North Sea. This was ignored by the Dutch and he was treated as a pirate by the Scots. In 1615, he was arrested, but soon released after the seizure of his ship. He was appointed the second Proprietary Governor of Newfoundland's Cuper's Cove colony in 1615, succeeding John Guy. Mason arrived on the island in 1616 and explored much of the territory. He compiled a map of the island and wrote and published a short tract (or "Discourse") of his findings. Mason drew up a map of the island of Newfoundland. Published in William Vaughan's Cambrensium Caroleia in 1625, the map included previously established placenames as well as new ones such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1670 In Science
The year 1670 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * John Ray publishes ''Catalogus plantarum Angliæ'', the basis of all later Flora (publication), floras of England. * The predecessor of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is opened as a physic garden by Drs Robert Sibbald and Andrew Balfour (botanist), Andrew Balfour in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotland. Earth sciences * Jean Picard calculates the Earth radius to within 0.44% of the modern value. * Agostino Scilla publishes ' ("Vain Speculation Undeceived by Sense") in Naples, arguing for an organic origin for fossils. Technology * The first longcase clock is built in England by William Clement. Births * February 25 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, Maria Margarethe Kirch ''born'' Winckelmann, German astronomer (died 1720 in science, 1720) Deaths * March 10 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German chemist (born 1604 in science, 1604) * May 21 – Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer (born 1586 in science, 1586) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niccolò Zucchi
Niccolò Zucchi (; December 6, 1586 – May 21, 1670) was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist. As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter (on May 17, 1630), and reported spots on Mars in 1640. His "''Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione a fundamentis constituta''", published in 1652–56, described his 1616 experiments using a curved mirror instead of a lens as a telescope objective, which may be the earliest known description of a reflecting telescope. In his book he also demonstrated that phosphors generate rather than store light. He also published two other works on mechanics and machines. Biography Niccolò Zucchi was fourth of eight children born into the noble family of Pierre Zucchi and Francoise Giande Marie. Three of his sisters became nuns, three of his brothers became Jesuits, and one brother became a secular priest. The Jesuit order Niccolò studied rhetoric in Piacenza and philosophy and theology in Parma. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1650 In Science
The year 1650 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * In Ursa Major, the handle's middle star, Mizar, is noted to be a binary by Giambattista Riccioli. Botany * William How publishes his flora ''Phytologia Britannica''. * Posthumous publication begins of Johann Bauhin's ''Historia plantarum universalis'' at Yverdon. Geology * The Kolumbo underwater volcano in the Aegean Sea is discovered when it bursts from the sea and erupts, killing 70 people on a nearby island. Medicine * English physician Francis Glisson publishes the first comprehensive pediatric text on rickets, ''De rachitide sive morbo puerili, qui vulgò The rickets dicitur'', the result of collaborative research by members of the Royal College of Physicians. Technology * Polish–Lithuanian nobleman Kazimierz Siemienowicz's widely translated manual ''Artis Magnae Artilleriae, pars prima'' ("Great Art of Artillery, the first part") is published in Amsterdam. Births * November 28 - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. In Western Europe, the first work to use the term polymathy in its title () was published in 1603 by Johann von Wowern, a Hamburg philosopher. Von Wowern defined polymathy as "knowledge of various matters, drawn from all kinds of studies ... ranging freely through all the fields of the disciplines, as far as the human mind, with unwearied industry, is able to pursue them". Von Wowern lists erudition, literature, philology, philomathy, and polyhistory as synonyms. The earliest recorded use of the term in the English language is from 1624, in the second edition of ''The Anatomy of Melancholy'' by Robert Burton; the form ''polymathist'' is slightly older, first appearing in the ''Diatribae upon the first part of the late History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
