The year 1586 in
science
Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earli ...
and
technology
Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and Reproducibility, reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in me ...
included a number of events, some of which are listed here.
Astronomy
* The last time
Mercury and
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never f ...
transit
Transit may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Film
* ''Transit'' (1979 film), a 1979 Israeli film
* ''Transit'' (2005 film), a film produced by MTV and Staying-Alive about four people in countries in the world
* ''Transit'' (2006 film), a 2006 ...
the sun at the same time.
Botany
* Jacques Daléchamps publishes ''Historia generalis plantarum'' in
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, third-largest city and Urban area (France), second-largest metropolitan area of F ...
, describing 2,731 plants, a record number for this time.
Cryptography
*
Blaise de Vigenère
Blaise de Vigenère (5 April 1523 – 19 February 1596) () was a French diplomat, cryptographer, translator and alchemist.
Biography
Vigenère was born into a respectable family in the village of Saint-Pourçain. His mother, Jean, arrang ...
publishes ''Traicté des chiffres ou secretes manières d'escrire'' in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
, describing an
autokey cipher of his invention.
Exploration
* July 21 –
Thomas Cavendish
Sir Thomas Cavendish (1560 – May 1592) was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and retu ...
sets out from
Plymouth in the ''Desire'' on the first deliberately planned
circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Mage ...
.
Mathematics
*
Francesco Barozzi
Francesco Barozzi (in Latin, ''Franciscus Barocius'') (9 August 1537 – 23 November 1604) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and humanist.
Life
Barozzi was born on the island of Crete, at Candia (now Heraklion), at the time a Venetian ...
publishes ''Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum quod docet duas lineas in eodem plano designare'', a treatise on the construction of parallel lines.
Medicine
*
Timothy Bright
Timothie Bright, M.D. (1551?–1615) was an Early Modern English physician and clergyman, the inventor of modern shorthand.
Early life
Bright was born in or about 1551, probably in the neighbourhood of Sheffield. He matriculated as a sizar at Tri ...
publishes ''A Treatise of Melancholie; containing the causes thereof, & reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies: with the cure, and spirituall consolation...'' in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
.
Physics
*
Galileo publishes ''La Billancetta'', describing an accurate balance to weigh objects in air or water.
*
Simon Stevin
Simon Stevin (; 1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician, scientist and music theorist. He made various contributions in many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical. He also translated vario ...
publishes ''De Beghinselen der Weeghconst'' in
Leiden
Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration wi ...
, discussing static
forces; and ''De Beghinselen des Waterwichts'', discussing the weight of water.
Births
* February 26 –
Niccolò Cabeo
Niccolò Cabeo, SJ (also known as Nicolaus Cabeus; February 26, 1586 – June 30, 1650) was an Italian Jesuit philosopher, theologian, engineer and mathematician.
Biography
He was born in Ferrara in 1586, and was educated at the Jesuit co ...
,
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
(died
1650)
* December 6 –
Niccolò Zucchi
Niccolò Zucchi (; December 6, 1586 – May 21, 1670) was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist.
As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter (on May 17, 1630), and reported spots on Mars in 1640.
H ...
, Italian
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...
(died
1670
Events
January–March
* January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France is burned at the stake after having been accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a small child who had dis ...
)
*
John Mason,
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
explorer (died
1635
Events
January–March
* January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy.
* January 25 ...
)
*
Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni, Italian military engineer and astronomer (died
1654
Events
January–March
* January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan.
* January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in sout ...
)
* ''approx. date'' –
Guy de La Brosse
Guy de La Brosse (1586 – 1641 in Paris), was a French botanist, medical doctor, and pharmacist. A physician to King Louis XIII of France, he is also notable for the creation of a major botanical garden of medicinal herbs, which was commissioned ...
,
French physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
and
botanist (died
1641
Events
January–March
* January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines) has a major eruption.
* January 18 – Pau Claris proclaims the Catalan Republic.
* February 16 – King Charles I of England gi ...
)
Deaths
* January 9 –
Paul Wittich,
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
astronomer and
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.
History
On ...
(born c.
1546
Year 1546 (Roman numerals, MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May 19 – The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi cla ...
)
* January 22 -
Louis Duret,
French physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
(born
1527
Year 1527 ( MDXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
*January 1 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in th ...
)
* May 29 –
Adam Lonicer, German botanist (born
1528)
* June 1 −
Martín de Azpilcueta
Martín de Azpilcueta (Azpilkueta in Basque) (13 December 1491 – 1 June 1586), or Doctor Navarrus, was an important Spanish canonist and theologian in his time, and an early economist who independently formulated the quantity theory of mone ...
, Spanish theologian and economist (born
1491)
* October 19 –
Ignazio Danti
Ignazio (Egnation or Egnazio) Danti, O.P. (April 1536 – 10 October 1586), born Pellegrino Rainaldi Danti, was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate, mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, who served as Bishop of Alatri (1583–1586). ''(in ...
, Italian mathematician and astronomer (born
1536
__NOTOC__
Year 1536 ( MDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – King Henry VIII of England suffers a leg injury during a jou ...
)
References
{{reflist
16th century in science
1580s in science