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1670 In Science
The year 1670 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * John Ray publishes ''Catalogus plantarum Angliæ'', the basis of all later Flora (publication), floras of England. * The predecessor of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is opened as a physic garden by Drs Robert Sibbald and Andrew Balfour (botanist), Andrew Balfour in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotland. Earth sciences * Jean Picard calculates the Earth radius to within 0.44% of the modern value. * Agostino Scilla publishes ' ("Vain Speculation Undeceived by Sense") in Naples, arguing for an organic origin for fossils. Technology * The first longcase clock is built in England by William Clement. Births * February 25 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, Maria Margarethe Kirch ''born'' Winckelmann, German astronomer (died 1720 in science, 1720) Deaths * March 10 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German chemist (born 1604 in science, 1604) * May 21 – Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer (born 1586 in science, 1586) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022. Its province-level municipality is the third-most populous metropolitan city in Italy with a population of 3,115,320 residents, and its metropolitan area stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately 20 miles. Founded by Greeks in the first millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the eighth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope ( grc, Παρθενόπη) was established on the Pizzofalcone hill. In the sixth century BC, it was refounded as Neápolis. The city was an important part of Magna Graecia, played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society, and was a significant cultural centre under the Romans. Naples served a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1670 In Science
The year 1670 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * John Ray publishes ''Catalogus plantarum Angliæ'', the basis of all later Flora (publication), floras of England. * The predecessor of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is opened as a physic garden by Drs Robert Sibbald and Andrew Balfour (botanist), Andrew Balfour in Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotland. Earth sciences * Jean Picard calculates the Earth radius to within 0.44% of the modern value. * Agostino Scilla publishes ' ("Vain Speculation Undeceived by Sense") in Naples, arguing for an organic origin for fossils. Technology * The first longcase clock is built in England by William Clement. Births * February 25 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, Maria Margarethe Kirch ''born'' Winckelmann, German astronomer (died 1720 in science, 1720) Deaths * March 10 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German chemist (born 1604 in science, 1604) * May 21 – Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer (born 1586 in science, 1586) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1586 In Science
The year 1586 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The last time Mercury and Venus transit the sun at the same time. Botany * Jacques Daléchamps publishes ''Historia generalis plantarum'' in Lyon, describing 2,731 plants, a record number for this time. Cryptography * Blaise de Vigenère publishes ''Traicté des chiffres ou secretes manières d'escrire'' in Paris, describing an autokey cipher of his invention. Exploration * July 21 – Thomas Cavendish sets out from Plymouth in the ''Desire'' on the first deliberately planned circumnavigation. Mathematics * Francesco Barozzi publishes ''Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum quod docet duas lineas in eodem plano designare'', a treatise on the construction of parallel lines. Medicine * Timothy Bright publishes ''A Treatise of Melancholie; containing the causes thereof, & reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niccolò Zucchi
Niccolò Zucchi (; December 6, 1586 – May 21, 1670) was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist. As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter (on May 17, 1630), and reported spots on Mars in 1640. His "''Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione a fundamentis constituta''", published in 1652–56, described his 1616 experiments using a curved mirror instead of a lens as a telescope objective, which may be the earliest known description of a reflecting telescope. In his book he also demonstrated that phosphors generate rather than store light. He also published two other works on mechanics and machines. Biography Niccolò Zucchi was fourth of eight children born into the noble family of Pierre Zucchi and Francoise Giande Marie. Three of his sisters became nuns, three of his brothers became Jesuits, and one brother became a secular priest. The Jesuit order Niccolò studied rhetoric in Piacenza and philosophy and theology in Parma. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1604 In Science
The year 1604 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * 9 October – The supernova which becomes known as Kepler's Supernova (SN 1604) is first observed from northern Italy. From 17 October, Johannes Kepler begins a year's observation of it from Prague. , this is the last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way, and the last visible by the naked eye until 1987. Exploration * France begins settlement in French Guiana. * Russian city of Tomsk founded in Siberia. Medicine * Johannes Kepler describes how the eye focuses light.'' Astronomiae Pars Optica''. Manuscript presented to Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1 January. * Hieronymus Fabricius's ''De formato foetu'' (On fetus development), an embryology textbook. * Joseph du Chesne's . Physics * Johannes Kepler specifies the law of rectilinear propagation for light waves. * Luca Valerio publishes his treatise on determining the center of gravity of solids, ''De centro gravitatis solidorum libri tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, chemical reaction rates, and other chemical properties. In Commonwealth English, pharmacists are often called chemists. Chemists use their knowledge to learn the composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists is often related to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Rudolf Glauber
Johann Rudolf Glauber (10 March 1604 – 16 March 1670) was a German-Dutch alchemy, alchemist and chemist. Some historians of science have described him as one of the first chemical engineers. His discovery of sodium sulfate in 1625 led to the compound being named after him: "Glauber's salt". Life Born in 1604 in Karlstadt am Main, the son of a barber, he was one of a large family and did not finish school, but is thought to have studied pharmacy and visited laboratories.This section incorporates material from the German Wikipedia and the Galileo Project which are referenced to German sources He said that he was glad that he had not suffered the grind of high school but had instead learned by experience. He lived in Vienna (1625), Salzburg, Giessen, Wertheim am Main, Wertheim (1649–1651), Kitzingen (1651–1655), Basel, Paris, Frankfurt am Main, Cologne and Amsterdam (1640–1644, 1646–1649, 1656-death). He worked first manufacturing mirrors and later for two periods as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1720 In Science
The year 1720 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal of England. Medicine * May – First patient admitted to the Westminster Public Infirmary, predecessor of St George's Hospital, London. * Dr Steevens' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin. * Great Plague of Marseille, the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe. Physics * Willem 's Gravesande publishes ''Physices elementa mathematica, experimentis confirmata, sive introductio ad philosophiam Newtonianam'', an introduction to Newtonian physics, in Leiden. Technology * A theodolite is developed by Jonathan Sisson of England. * Pinchbeck is invented by English watchmaker Christopher Pinchbeck; it is an alloy of 83% copper and 17% zinc, creating a strong, hard-wearing metal which has the appearance and weight of 20 carat gold. * An early chronograph is invented which has only mechanical parts in it. * Henry de Saum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Margarethe Kirch
Maria Margaretha Kirch (''née'' Winckelmann, in historic sources named Maria Margaretha Kirchin; 25 February 1670 – 29 December 1720) was a German astronomer. She was one of the first famous astronomers of her period due to her writing on the conjunction of the sun with Saturn, Venus, and Jupiter in 1709 and 1712 respectively. Early life Maria was educated from an early age by her father, a Lutheran minister, who believed that she deserved an education equivalent to that given to young boys. By the age of 13 she had lost both her father and mother. By that time, she had also received a general education from her brother-in-law Justinus Toellner and the well-known self taught astronomer Christoph Arnold, who lived nearby in the town of Sommerfeld and was credited with being the first to discover a passing comet. She became Arnold's unofficial apprentice and later his assistant, living with him and his family. Astronomy was not organized entirely along guild lines during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longcase Clock
A grandfather clock (also a longcase clock, tall-case clock, grandfather's clock, or floor clock) is a tall, freestanding, weight-driven pendulum clock with the pendulum held inside the tower or waist of the case. Clocks of this style are commonly 1.8–2.4 metres (6–8 feet) tall with an enclosed pendulum and weights suspended by either cables or chains which have to be calibrated occasionally to keep the proper time. The case often features elaborately carved ornamentation on the hood (or bonnet), which surrounds and frames the dial, or clock face. The English clockmaker William Clement is credited with the development of this form in 1670. Until the early 20th century, pendulum clocks were the world's most accurate timekeeping technology, and longcase clocks, due to their superior accuracy, served as time standards for households and businesses. Today they are kept mainly for their decorative and antique value, having been widely replaced by both analog and digital ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
