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Sulechów (pronounced , ) is a
town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
located within the
Zielona Góra County __NOTOC__ Zielona Góra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. ...
, in
Lubusz Voivodeship Lubusz Voivodeship ( ) is a voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (province) in western Poland with a population of 972,140. Its regional capitals are Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona Góra. The region is characterized by a landscape of forests, lake ...
, western
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
. It is the administrative seat of the
Gmina Sulechów __NOTOC__ Gmina Sulechów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Sulechów, which lies approximately north-east of Zielona Góra. The gmina covers ...
. Established in the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...
, the town features many historical monuments significant to the Polish Lubusz region. The
town limits City limits or city boundaries refer to the defined boundary or border of a city. The area within the city limit can be called the city proper. Town limit/boundary and village limit/boundary apply to towns and villages. Similarly, corporate li ...
cover .


Geography

Sulechów is situated in the historic
Lower Silesia Lower Silesia ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a historical and geographical region mostly located in Poland with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany. It is the western part of the region of Silesia. Its largest city is Wrocław. The first ...
region, north of the
Oder The Oder ( ; Czech and ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows through wes ...
river. The town centre is located about northeast of the regional capital
Zielona Góra Zielona Góra (; ''Green Mountain''; ) is the largest city in Lubusz Voivodeship, located in western Poland, with 140,403 inhabitants (). The region is closely associated with vineyards and holds an annual Zielona Góra Wine Fest, Wine Fest. Zie ...
, where the national road 32 to
Poznań Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's ...
crosses the expressway S3 to
Gorzów Wielkopolski Gorzów Wielkopolski (), often abbreviated to Gorzów Wlkp. or simply Gorzów (formerly ), is a city in Geography of Poland, western Poland, located on the Warta, Warta River. It is one of the two principal cities and seats of the Lubusz Voivodes ...
. The regional
Zielona Góra Airport Zielona Góra Airport () is a regional airport in the Zielona Góra urban area (the Lubusian Tri-city) in western Poland. The airport is from Sulechów, northeast of the Zielona Góra city centre, in the village of Kramsko, near the town of Bab ...
is about away.


History

The settlement of the region on the Middle Oder dates back to the 4th century AD.


Medieval Poland

In the late 10th century, the area was included in the emerging Polish state by its first historic ruler
Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was Duchy of Poland (966–1025), Duke of Poland from 960 until his death in 992 and the founder of the first unified History of Poland, Polish state, the Civitas Schinesghe. A member of the Piast dynasty, he was t ...
of the
Piast dynasty The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented List of Polish monarchs, Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko I (–992). The Poland during the Piast dynasty, Piasts' royal rule in Pol ...
. It became part of the
Duchy of Silesia The Duchy of Silesia (, ) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval provincial duchy of Poland located in the region of Silesia. Soon after it was formed under the Piast dynasty in 1138, it fragmented into various Silesian duchies. In 1327, t ...
, a province of fragmented
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, in 1138, and, later belonged to the Silesian
Duchy of Głogów The Duchy of Głogów (, ) or Duchy of Glogau () was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed in course of the medieval fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies. Its capital was Głogów in Lower Silesia. It existed in 1177–1185 an ...
, established in 1249–1251 under the rule of Duke Konrad I. In the beginning of the 14th century, Sulechów was encompassed by
defensive walls A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with to ...
. The settlement itself was first mentioned in a 1319 deed, at the time when the warlike
Ascanian The House of Ascania () was a dynasty of German rulers. It is also known as the House of Anhalt, which refers to its longest-held possession, Anhalt. The Ascanians are named after Ascania (or Ascaria) Castle, known as ''Schloss Askanien'' in ...
margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg campaigned the area, occupying Sulechów and neighbouring
Świebodzin Świebodzin (; ) is a town in western Poland with 20,744 inhabitants (2024). It is the capital of Świebodzin County in Lubusz Voivodeship. Świebodzin is an important transportation hub, lying at the crossroads of the Polish National roads in P ...
. Margrave Waldemar, however, died in the same year, and the localities fell back to the
Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great. Branches of ...
dukes of Głogów.Sulechów - Internetowy Serwis Miejski
When the last Piast duke Henry XI of Głogów died without issue in 1476, inheritance claims were raised by his widow Barbara of Brandenburg and her father, the
Hohenzollern The House of Hohenzollern (, ; , ; ) is a formerly royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) German dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania. ...
elector Albrecht Achilles. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's Piast cousin, Duke
Jan II the Mad Jan II the Mad also known as the Bad, the Wild or the Cruel (16 April 1435 – 22 September 1504), was a Duke of Żagań- Przewóz since 1439 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1449), from 1449 Duke of Przewóz (as co-ruler of his younger brot ...
of
Żagań Żagań (French language, French and , ) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 25,731 inhabitants (2019), capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia. Founded in the 12th ce ...
, who nevertheless after several years of fighting had to sign an agreement, whereby the Silesian towns of Crossen (Krosno) and the town passed to the
Margraviate of Brandenburg The Margraviate of Brandenburg () was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that, having electoral status although being quite poor, grew rapidly in importance after inheriting the Duchy of Prussia in 1618 and then came ...
as a fief of the Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom, an integral part of the
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...
.


Modern era

Along with Crossen, Sulechów, under the Germanized name ''Züllichau'', was incorporated into the Brandenburg ''
Neumark The Neumark (), also known as the New March () or as East Brandenburg (), was a region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and its successors located east of the Oder River in territory which became part of Poland in 1945 except some villages o ...
'' district by 1535, ruled by Margrave John of Brandenburg-Küstrin who implemented the
Protestant Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and ...
. Two years later, the Piast duke Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels and his younger brothers officially waived any rights to the Crossen and Züllichau territories. Part of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1618, the town was devastated during the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
but again flourished under the rule of the "Great Elector"
Frederick William The name Frederick William usually refers to several monarchs and princes of the Hohenzollern dynasty: * Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1620–1688) * Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1675–1713) * Frederick William I of ...
. From the 17th century, clothmaking developed.
Polish Reformed Church The Polish Reformed Church, officially called the Evangelical Reformed Church in the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Kościół Ewangelicko-Reformowany w RP'') is a historic Calvinistic Protestant church in Poland established in the 16th century ...
services were held in the town between 1684 and 1725. Züllichau was part of the newly established
Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...
since 1701. It became a
garrison town A garrison is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it. The term now often applies to certain facilities that constitute a military base or fortified military headquarters. A garrison is usually in a city ...
of the Prussian Army. In March 1735, officials of the confederation of King
Stanisław Leszczyński Stanisław I Leszczyński (Stanisław Bogusław; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, was twice King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and at various times Prince of Deux-Ponts, Duk ...
's supporters in the
War of the Polish Succession The War of the Polish Succession (; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of ...
stopped in the town. The Polish population resisted
Germanisation Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people, and culture. It was a central idea of German conservative thought in the 19th and the 20th centuries, when conservatism and ethnic nationalism went hand in hand. In l ...
attempts, carried out by the Prussian authorities. From 1815 it belonged to the
Province of Brandenburg The Province of Brandenburg () was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1947. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the Kingdom of Prussia's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic Margraviate of Brandenburg (excluding Altmark) and ...
and became the administrative seat of the ''Züllichau-Schwiebus'' rural district within the Frankfurt Region. In 1828, 18-year-old
Frédéric Chopin Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 181017 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period who wrote primarily for Piano solo, solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown ...
visited the town and gave an improvised concert. Between 1871 and 1945 Züllichau was part of the
German Reich German ''Reich'' (, from ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German ''Volk'' ("na ...
. In the late 19th century, the medieval town walls were partly dismantled. Four Polish insurgents of the Greater Poland uprising died in German captivity in the town in 1919. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
the Germans established two
forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...
camps in the town, mainly for the Soviets. In 1945, a German-perpetrated
death march A death march is a forced march of prisoners of war, other captives, or deportees in which individuals are left to die along the way. It is distinct from simple prisoner transport via foot march. Article 19 of the Geneva Convention requires tha ...
of Jewish women from a just dissolved subcamp of the
Gross-Rosen concentration camp Gross-Rosen was a network of Nazi concentration camps built and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II. The main camp was located in the German village of Gross-Rosen, now the modern-day Rogoźnica in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, di ...
in
Sława Sława (; ) is a town in Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. As of the 2019 census, Sława had a population of 4,321. It is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Sławskie. History The area was part of Poland after the creation ...
passed through the town. The territory was conquered by
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
forces during the Vistula-Oder Offensive in the final stage of World War II. In accordance with the
Potsdam Agreement The Potsdam Agreement () was the agreement among three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union after the war ended in Europe that was signed on 1 August 1945 and published the following day. A ...
, the town was incorporated into the
Republic of Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
by the implementation of the
Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (, ) is an unofficial term for the Germany–Poland border, modern border between Germany and Poland. The line generally follows the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers, meeting the Baltic Sea in the north. A small portion ...
in 1945, while the remaining German population was expelled. The remaining Polish inhabitants were joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. The historic Polish name Sulechów was restored. From 1975 to 1998 Sulechów was part of
Zielona Góra Voivodeship Zielona may refer to the following places: *Zielona, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland) * Zielona, Gmina Gródek in Podlaskie Voivodeship (northeast Poland) * Zielona, Gmina Supraśl in Podlaskie Voivodeship (northeast Poland) * Zielona, Bochnia Count ...
.


Sports

The town's most notable sports clubs are
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...
team and
volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
team . Both teams compete in the lower leagues.


Notable people

* Johann Gottfried Rösner (1658–1724), mayor of Thorn (Toruń) as a consequence of the '' Tumult of Thorn'' * Caspar Neumann (1683–1737), first pharmaceutical professor at the Berlin Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum *
Johann Gottfried Ebel Johann Gottfried Ebel (6 October 1764 – 8 October 1830) was the author of the first real guidebook to Switzerland. Biography He was born at Zullichau (Prussia). He became a medical man, visited Switzerland for the first time in 1790, and ...
(1764–1830), author of guidebook to Switzerland *
Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann (14 September 1765, Züllichau12 June 1837, Jena) was a German publisher and bookseller. Life and work His father, Nathanael Siegismund Frommann (1736-1786), was also a bookseller. He received his training in Ber ...
(1765–1837), bookseller and publisher * Minna Herzlieb (1789–1865), role model for "Ottilie" in
Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...
s "Die Wahlverwandtschaften" *
Hermann Marggraff Hermann Marggraff (1809–1864) was a German poet and humorous author. He was born at Sulechów, Züllichau, Kingdom of Prussia and studied at Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin; and, devoting himself to journalism, lived and wrote in Leipzig, ...
(1809–1864), author *
Theodor Kullak Theodor Kullak (12 September 1818 – 1 March 1882) was a German pianist, composer and teacher. Background Kullak was born on 12 September 1818, in Krotoszyn. He began his piano studies as a pupil of Albrecht Agthe in Poznań. He progressed suf ...
(1818–1882) pianist, composer was educated in the town * Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (1865–1946), a German Major-General during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and
Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the ...
* Gerhard Benack (1915–1994), German officer *
Nicholas Forell Nicholas F. Forell (1923 – February 19, 1998) was a structural engineer and a leading authority in the development of modern earthquake safety design. He was a founder and former president of the San Francisco firm Forell/Elsesser Engineers. Ear ...
(1923–1998), engineer * Peter Robert Keil (born 1942), German painter and sculptor *
Olga Tokarczuk Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer, activist, and public intellectual. She is one of the most critically acclaimed and successful authors of her generation in Poland. In 2019, she was awarded the 2018 Nobel Pri ...
(born 1962), writer, winner of the
Man Booker International Prize The International Booker Prize (formerly known as the Man Booker International Prize) is an international literary award hosted in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the International Prize to complement the Man Booker Prize, as the Boo ...
as well as the
Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning ''for'' Literature (), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in ...
* Mela Koteluk (born 1985), singer


Sport

* Klaus-Dieter Ludwig (1943–2016), German rowing coxswain * Ewa Bućko (born 1960), volleyball player *
Łukasz Żygadło Łukasz Tomasz Żygadło (born 2 August 1979) is a Polish former professional volleyball player who is the sporting director of the Polish PlusLiga team, Norwid Częstochowa. Żygadło was a member of the Poland national team from 1998 to 2014 ...
(born 1979), volleyball player * Natalia Bamber-Laskowska (born 1982), volleyball player * Tomasz Kędziora (born 1994), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów * Tymoteusz Puchacz (born 1999), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów


Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Sulechów.


References


External links


Official websiteJewish Community in Sulechów
on Virtual Shtetl {{Authority control Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship Zielona Góra County