Mausoleum at Halicarnassus at the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology

A mausoleum is an external free-standing

building A building or edifice is an enclosed Structure#Load-bearing, structure with a roof, walls and window, windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, a ...

constructed as a monument enclosing the

burial chamber A chamber tomb is a tomb for burial used in many different cultures. In the case of individual burials, the chamber is thought to signify a higher status for the interred than a simple grave. Built from rock or sometimes wood, the chambers could ...

of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a

cenotaph A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although t ...

. A mausoleum may be considered a type of

tomb A tomb ( ''tumbos'') or sepulchre () is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes. Placing a corpse into a tomb can be called '' immurement'', alth ...

, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.

Overview

The word ''mausoleum'' (from the ) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day

Bodrum Bodrum () is a town and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. About 200 thousand people live in the district, which covers 650 km2 and includes the town. It is a port town at the entrance to the Gulf of Gökova. Known in ancient times as Hal ...

in Turkey), the grave of King

Mausolus Mausolus ( or , ''Mauśoλ'') was a ruler of Caria (377–353 Common Era, BCE) and a satrap of the Achaemenid Empire. He enjoyed the status of king or dynast by virtue of the powerful position created by his father Hecatomnus ( ), who was the fi ...

, the Persian

satrap A satrap () was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median kingdom, Median and Achaemenid Empire, Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic empi ...

Caria Caria (; from Greek language, Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian main ...

, whose large tomb was one of the

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity, first established in the 1572 publication '' Octo Mundi M ...

. Mausolea were historically, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the

gentry Gentry (from Old French , from ) are "well-born, genteel and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past. ''Gentry'', in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to Landed property, landed es ...

and

nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...

in many countries. In the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

, these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

. When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use. Later, mausolea became particularly popular in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and its

colonies A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule, which rules the territory and its indigenous peoples separated from the foreign rulers, the colonizer, and their '' metropole'' (or "mother country"). This separated rule was often or ...

during the

early modern The early modern period is a Periodization, historical period that is defined either as part of or as immediately preceding the modern period, with divisions based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity. There i ...

and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within

sarcophagi A sarcophagus (: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek σάρξ ' meaning "flesh", and φ� ...

or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a

cemetery A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite, graveyard, or a green space called a memorial park or memorial garden, is a place where the remains of many death, dead people are burial, buried or otherwise entombed. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek ...

, a

churchyard In Christian countries, a churchyard is a patch of land adjoining or surrounding a church (building), church, which is usually owned by the relevant church or local parish itself. In the Scots language and in both Scottish English and Ulster S ...

or on private land. In the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called

crypt A crypt (from Greek κρύπτη (kryptē) ''wikt:crypta#Latin, crypta'' "Burial vault (tomb), vault") is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, Sarcophagus, sarcophagi, or Relic, religiou ...

s or catacombs. A ''chapel mausoleum'' or ''mausoleum chapel'' in a cemetery can be used for closed-casket funeral services prior to interments.

Notable mausoleums

Africa

Algeria

El Alia Cemetery El Alia Cemetery () is a cemetery in the commune of Oued Smar, a suburb of Algiers, Algeria. It was established in 1928, following the donation of a plot of land by its owner Hamza El-Alia before his departure to Mecca. Notable interments ...

in Oued Smar. * Jedars, thirteen ancient monumental

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–196 ...

mausoleums located south of

Tiaret Tiaret () or Tahert () is a major city in northwestern Algeria that gives its name to the wider farming region of Tiaret Province. Both the town and region lie south-west of the capital of Algiers in the western region of the Hautes Plaines, i ...

. * Madghacen, a royal Numidian mausoleum from the 3rd century, Batna. * Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania, monumental grave of the

Numidian Numidia was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa, initially comprising the territory that now makes up Algeria, but later expanding across what is today known as Tunisia and Libya. The polity was originally divided between ...

Berber king

Juba II Juba II of Mauretania (Latin: ''Gaius Iulius Iuba''; or ;Roller, Duane W. (2003) ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' "Routledge (UK)". pp. 1–3. . c. 48 BC – AD 23) was the son of Juba I and client king of Numidia (30–25 BC) and ...

and the Queen

Cleopatra Selene II Cleopatra Selene II (Ancient Greek, Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; summer 40 BC – BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic princess, nominal Queen of Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC) and Queen of Mauretania (25 BC ...

located on the road between

Cherchell Cherchell () is a town on Algeria's Mediterranean coast, west of Algiers. It is the seat of Cherchell District in Tipaza Province. Under the names Iol and Caesarea, it was formerly a Roman colony and the capital of the kingdoms of Numidia ...

and

Algiers Algiers is the capital city of Algeria as well as the capital of the Algiers Province; it extends over many Communes of Algeria, communes without having its own separate governing body. With 2,988,145 residents in 2008Census 14 April 2008: Offi ...

, in

Tipaza Province Tipaza or Tipasa (, ''Tibaza'', older ''Tefessedt'') is a provinces of Algeria, province (''wilaya'') on the coast of Algeria, Its capital is Tipaza, 50 km west of Algiers, the capital of Algeria, and 70 km east of Mahelma Forest, with a pop ...

. * The tomb of

Masinissa Masinissa (''c.'' 238 BC – 148 BC), also spelled Massinissa, Massena and Massan, was an ancient Numidian king best known for leading a federation of Massylii Berber tribes during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), ultimately uniting the ...

''(Soumâa)'' in El Khroub * Mausoleum of Sidi Abderrahmane Et-Thaalibi in

. File:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania 2014.jpg, Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania (Tipaza) File:Medracen tomb (Numidian) (15687525397).jpg, Madghacen, a royal Numidian mausoleum (Batna) File:DJEDDAR à Frenda wilaya de Tiaret.jpg, Frenda Jedars ( Frenda) File:Tomb of Massinissa 01.jpg, The tomb of Massinissa (El Khroub) File:Sidi Abder Rahman of Algiers.png, Mausoleum of Sidi Abderrahmane Et-Thaalibi (Algiers)

Others

* Mausoleum of Mohammed V, monumental grave of the Moroccan sultan and king Mohammed V and his two sons, late King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah, in

Rabat Rabat (, also , ; ) is the Capital (political), capital city of Morocco and the List of cities in Morocco, country's seventh-largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million. ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

. *

Agostinho Neto António Agostinho Neto (17 September 1922 – 10 September 1979) was an Angolan Communism, communist politician and poet. He served as the first president of Angola from 1975 to 1979, having led the MPLA, Popular Movement for the Liberation of ...

's mausoleum in

Luanda Luanda ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Angola, largest city of Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major industrial, cultural and urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atlantic coast, Luanda is Ang ...

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

* Mausoleum of Hubert Maga in Parakou,

Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...

* Mathieu Kerekou's mausoleum in Natitingou, Benin * Mausolée du Guide Suprême du Patriotisme in

Gitega Gitega (), formerly Kitega, is the political capital of Burundi. Located in the centre of the country, in the Burundian central plateau roughly east of Bujumbura, the largest city and former political capital, Gitega is the country's fourth la ...

Burundi Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa, with a population of over 14 million peop ...

* Domoni,

Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...

, burial place and location of

Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (, , 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989) was a top Comoros, Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973, and President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his assassination in 1 ...

's mausoleum, first president of

Fulbert Youlou Fulbert Youlou (19 July 1917 – 6 May 1972) was a Republic of the Congo, Congolese Nationalism, nationalist leader and former Catholic Church, Catholic priest who became the first President of the Republic of the Congo upon its independence in ...

's mausoleum in Madibou,

Marien Ngouabi Marien Ngouabi (December 31, 1938 – March 18, 1977) was a Congolese politician and military officer who served as the fourth President of the People's Republic of the Congo from 1969 until his assassination in 1977. Biography Origins Marien ...

's mausoleum and

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (born Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà; 26 January 1852 – 14 September 1905) was an Italian-French explorer. With his family's financial help, he explored the Ogooué region of Central Africa, ...

's mausoleum in

Brazzaville Brazzaville () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a Departments of the Republic of the Congo, department and a Communes of the Republic of the Congo, commune. Constituting t ...

Republic of Congo The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo), is a country located on the western coast of Central ...

* Laurent Kabila's mausoleum in

Kinshasa Kinshasa (; ; ), formerly named Léopoldville from 1881–1966 (), is the Capital city, capital and Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa is one of the world's fastest-grow ...

Democratic Republic of Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t ...

* Mausoleum of Joseph Kasa-Vubu in Singini, Tshela,

Kongo Central Kongo Central (), formerly Bas-Congo, is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Matadi. History At the time of independence, the area now encompassing Kongo Central was part of the greater province of ...

, Democratic Republic of Congo * Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque is a shrine and mausoleum in

Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

, and the burial place of

Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 a ...

, second president of Egypt. * The Unknown Soldier Memorial is a pyramid-shaped monument in Nasr City, Egypt *

Mastaba A mastaba ( , or ), also mastabah or mastabat) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mudbricks or limestone. These edifices marked the burial sites ...

s dating from

ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...

Al-Hussein Mosque The al-Hussein Mosque or al-Husayn Mosque, also known as the Mosque of al-Imam al-Husayn () and the Mosque of Sayyidna al-Husayn, is a mosque and mausoleum of Husayn ibn Ali, originally built in 1154, and then later reconstructed in 1874. The mo ...

is a shrine and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt, and the purported burial place of

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

's grandson,

Husayn ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali (; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680 Common Era, CE) was a social, political and religious leader in early medieval Arabia. The grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Alids, Alid (the son of Ali ibn Abu Talib ibn Abd a ...

* Qalawun complex, contains the mausoleum of

Qalawun (, – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Turkic Bahri Mamluk sultan of Egypt; he ruled from 1279 to 1290. He was called (, "Qalāwūn the Victorious"). After having risen in power in the Mamluk court and elite circles, Qalawun eventually hel ...

in Cairo, Egypt *

King Sobhuza II Sobhuza II (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was ''Ngwenyama'' (King) of Swaziland (now Eswatini) for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. Sobhuza was bo ...

Memorial Park in

Lobamba Lobamba is a town in Eswatini located in between Eswatini's two main cities, Mbabane and Manzini. It falls under the Hhohho Region, Hhohho region, with Mbabane being its city and Lusushwana river being the nearest river. It is found between Ezulw ...

Eswatini Eswatini, formally the Kingdom of Eswatini, also known by its former official names Swaziland and the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa on all sides except the northeast, where i ...

* Meles Zenawi's grave in the Holy Trinity Cathedral,

Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; ,) is the capital city of Ethiopia, as well as the regional state of Oromia. With an estimated population of 2,739,551 inhabitants as of the 2007 census, it is the largest city in the country and the List of cities in Africa b ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

Omar Bongo Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was the second president of Gabon from 1967 until Death and state funeral of Omar Bongo, his death in 2009. A member of the Gabonese De ...

's mausoleum, a replica of the mausoleum of Mohammed V, in Franceville,

Gabon Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...

Léon M'ba Gabriel Léon M'ba (9 February 1902 – 28 November 1967) was a Gabonese politician who served as both the first Prime Minister of Gabon, Prime Minister (1959–1961) and later, the President of Gabon, from 1961 until his death in 1967. A ...

's mausoleum in

Libreville Libreville (; ) is the capital and largest city of Gabon, located on the Gabon Estuary. Libreville occupies of the northwestern province of Estuaire Province, Estuaire. Libreville is also a port on the Gabon Estuary, near the Gulf of Guinea. A ...

, Gabon *

Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum The Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park and Mausoleum is located in downtown Accra, the capital of Ghana. Over the years, the park has attracted visitors from around the world, with an annual count of approximately 98,000 individuals who visit to pay h ...

Accra Accra (; or ''Gaga''; ; Ewe: Gɛ; ) is the capital and largest city of Ghana, located on the southern coast at the Gulf of Guinea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean. As of 2021 census, the Accra Metropolitan District, , had a population of ...

Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...

* Atta Mills's mausoleum at Asomdwee Park in

, Ghana * Burma Camp military cemetery in

, Ghana * Camayanne Mausoleum, monumental grave of

Guinea Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sier ...

's national heroes

Samori Ture Samori Ture ( – June 2, 1900), also known as Samori Toure, Samory Touré, or Almamy Samore Lafiya Toure, was a Mandinka people, Malinke and a Soninke people, Soninke Muslim cleric, military strategist, and founder of the Wassoulou Empire, an Is ...

, Sekou Toure, and Alfa Yaya in the Grand Mosque of Conakry *

Amilcar Cabral The Amilcar was a French automobile manufactured from 1921 to 1940. History Foundation and location Amilcar was founded in July 1921 by Joseph Lamy and Emile Akar. The name "Amilcar" was an imperfect anagram of the partners' names. The busine ...

's mausoleum in

Bissau Bissau () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Guinea-Bissau. it had a population of 492,004. Bissau is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, and is Guinea-Bissau's largest city, major port, its administr ...

Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders Senegal to Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border, its north and Guinea to Guinea–Guinea-Bissau b ...

. * Mausoleum of

Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux ("The Old One"), was an Ivorian politician and physician who served as the first List of heads of state of Ivory Coast, pr ...

, first president of Ivory Coast, in Yamoussoukro,

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of ci ...

* Mausoleum of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, late president of Kenya, in

Nairobi Nairobi is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Kenya. The city lies in the south-central part of Kenya, at an elevation of . The name is derived from the Maasai language, Maasai phrase , which translates to 'place of cool waters', a ...

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

* Jaramogi Oginga Odinga's mausoleum in Bondo, Kenya *

Tom Mboya Thomas Joseph Odhiambo Mboya (15August 19305July 1969) was a Kenyan trade unionist, educator, Pan-Africanist, author, independence activist, and statesman. He was one of the founding fathers of the Republic of Kenya.Kenya Human Rights Commiss ...

Mausoleum, Rusinga Island,

Homa Bay County Homa Bay County is a county in the former Nyanza Province of Kenya. Its capital and largest town is Homa Bay. The county has a population of 1,131,950 (2019 census) and an area of 3,154.7 km2. Lake Victoria is a major source of livelihood ...

* Palm Grove Cemetery in

Monrovia Monrovia () is the administrative capital city, capital and largest city of Liberia. Founded in 1822, it is located on Cape Mesurado on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast and as of the 2022 census had 1,761,032 residents, home to 33.5% of Liber ...

Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to Guinea–Liberia border, its north, Ivory Coast to Ivory Coast–Lib ...

* National Hall, mausoleum of the late president

William Tubman William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (29 November 1895 – 23 July 1971) was a Liberian politician. He was the 19th president of Liberia and the longest-serving president in the country's history, serving from his election in 1944 until his dea ...

, Montserrado, Liberia * Kamuzu Banda's

mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type o ...

Lilongwe Lilongwe (, ,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, i ...

Malawi Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...

Bingu wa Mutharika Bingu wa Mutharika (; born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist who was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democ ...

, third president of Malawi, built a mausoleum in which his late first wife and Bingu himself are buried. * The Heroes Square in

Maputo Maputo () is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Mozambique. Located near the southern end of the country, it is within of the borders with Eswatini and South Africa. The city has a population of 1,088,449 (as of 2017) distributed ov ...

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

* Heroes' Acre in

Windhoek Windhoek (; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the Khomas Highland plateau area, at around above sea level, almost exactly at the country's geographical centre. The population of Windhoek, which ...

Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...

Nnamdi Azikiwe Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe, (16 November 1904 – 11 May 1996), commonly referred to as Zik of Africa, was a Nigerian politician, statesman, and revolutionary leader who served as the 3rd and first black governor-general of Nigeria from 1960 ...

's mausoleum in

Onitsha Onitsha ( or simply ''Ọ̀nị̀chà'') is a city on the eastern bank of the Niger River, in Anambra State, Nigeria. Onitsha along with various cities and towns in southern Anambra State, northern Imo State and neighboring Delta State on the we ...

Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...

* Tafawa Balewa's tomb in

Bauchi Bauchi (Fula: ''Leydi Bauchi'' 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤦𞤢𞤵𞤷𞥅𞤭) is a States of Nigeria, state in the North East (Nigeria), North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It is bordered by Jigawa State, Jigawa to the north, Yobe State, Y ...

, Nigeria * Mausoleum of Obafemi Awolowo in

Ogun State Ogun State is a state in southwestern Nigeria. It is bordered to the south by Lagos State and the Bight of Benin, to the east by Ondo State, and to the north by Oyo and Osun states while its western border forms part of the national borde ...

, Nigeria *

Sani Abacha Sani Abacha (; (20 September 1943 – 8 June 1998) was a Nigerian military dictator and statesman who ruled Nigeria with an iron fist as military head of state from 1993 following a palace coup d'état until his death in 1998. Abacha's seiz ...

's mausoleum in Kano, Nigeria * John Garang De Mabior's mausoleum in

Juba Juba is the capital and largest city of South Sudan. The city is situated on the White Nile and also serves as the capital of the Central Equatoria, Central Equatoria State. It is the most recently declared national capital and had a populatio ...

South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...

Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician, anti-colonial activist, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika (1961–1964), Tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as presid ...

's mausoleum in Mwalimu Nyerere Museum Centre, Butiama,

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

* Eyadema's family mausoleum in Kara,

Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ...

* Bourguiba mausoleum, monumental grave of

Habib Bourguiba Habib Bourguiba (3 August 19036 April 2000) was a Tunisian politician and statesman who served as the Head of Government of Tunisia, prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia from 1956 to 1957, and then as the first president of Tunisia from 1 ...

, first president of Tunisia, in Monastir,

Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...

* Mausoleum of

Levy Mwanawasa Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was the third president of Zambia. He served as president from January 2002 until his death in August 2008. Mwanawasa is credited with having initiated a campaign to rid the corrupti ...

Frederick Chiluba Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (30 April 1943 – 18 June 2011) was a Zambian politician who was the second president of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as th ...

, and

Michael Sata Michael Charles Chilufya Sata (6 July 1937 – 28 October 2014) was a Zambian politician who served as the fifth president of Zambia from 2011 until Death and state funeral of Michael Sata, his death in 2014. A social democrat, he led the Patrio ...

at the Embassy Park Presidential Burial in

Lusaka Lusaka ( ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Zambia. It is one of the fastest-developing cities in southern Africa. Lusaka is in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about . , the city's population was abo ...

Zambia Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa or Southern Africa. It is bor ...

* National Heroes' Acre in

Harare Harare ( ), formerly Salisbury, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Zimbabwe. The city proper has an area of , a population of 1,849,600 as of the 2022 Zimbabwe census, 2022 census and an estimated 2,487,209 people in its metrop ...

Zimbabwe file:Zimbabwe, relief map.jpg, upright=1.22, Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Bots ...

Rabat Mausole MohammedV.jpg, Mausoleum of Mohammed V in

TUNISIE MONASTIR MAUSOLEE BOURGHIBA 03.jpg,

Monastir, Tunisia Monastir, also called Mestir ( ', from the Greek "hermit's cell, monastery"), is a city on the central coast of Tunisia, in the Sahel area, some south of Sousse and south of Tunis. Traditionally a fishing port, Monastir is now a major tourist ...

Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque2.jpg, Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque in

Memorial Antonio Agostinho Neto (19882325368).jpg,

's Mausoleum in

`KOMBIENI Yépabou Dieudonne.jpg, Mathieu Kerekou's mausoleum in Natitingou,

Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park.jpg, Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park and Mausoleum in

Kenyatta Mausoleum (1295043494).jpg, Mausoleum of the late

President of Kenya The president of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Kenya. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya De ...

Mzee Jomo Kenyatta in

Banda-mausoleum.jpg, Kamuzu Banda Mausoleum in

Amílcar Cabral mausoleum in Bissau 1.jpg,

's mausoleum in

Her Community Walkathon 58.jpg,

's burial site,

. Mausoleum of General Sani Abacha in Kano.jpg,

's mausoleum in Kano, Nigeria. Mausoleum of Gnassingbé Eyadéma in Pya, Kara.jpg, Eyadema's family mausoleum in Kara,

. Mwanawasa’s mausoleum 2.png, Mausoleum of late President

at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in

. Chiluba's mausoleum.png, Mausoleum of late President

at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in

. Sata's mausoleum.png, Mausoleum of late President

at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in

Asia, Eastern, Southern, Central, and Southeast

Afghanistan

* Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani in

Kandahar Kandahar is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on Arghandab River, at an elevation of . It is Afghanistan's second largest city, after Kabul, with a population of about 614,118 in 2015. It is the capital of Kandahar Pro ...

, Afghanistan Tomb of former King Zahir Shah - panoramio.jpg, Mausoleum of Mohammad Zaher Shah (Hill of Teppe Maranjan) in

Kabul Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province. The city is divided for administration into #Districts, 22 municipal districts. A ...

Amir Abdurahman Khan's Tomb.jpg,

Abdur Rahman Khan Abdur Rahman Khan (Pashto: ) (between 1840 and 1844 – 1 October 1901) also known by his epithet, The Iron Amir, was Amir of Afghanistan from 1880 to his death in 1901. He is known for perpetrating the Hazara genocide, but also uniting the ...

's Mausoleum in

TOMB OF BABUR IN KABUL.jpg, Bagh-e Babur, mausoleum of the founder of the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an Early modern period, early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to ...

Bangladesh

* Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam * Mausoleum of Lalon Shah * Mausoleum of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman * Mausoleum of Three Leaders * Mausoleum of Ziaur Rahman Tomb of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Tungipara.jpg, Mausoleum of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tomb Of Three Leader 1.A.M.R.jpg, Mausoleum of Three Leaders Lalon Tomb0023.JPG, Mausoleum of Lalon Shah

China

* List of mausoleums of Chinese monarchs **

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang () is a tomb complex constructed for Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Chinese Qin dynasty. It is located in modern-day Lintong District in Xi'an, Shaanxi. It was constructed over 38 years from 246 to 208 ...

biggest underground mausoleum ** The

pyramids A pyramid () is a Nonbuilding structure, structure whose visible surfaces are triangular in broad outline and converge toward the top, making the appearance roughly a Pyramid (geometry), pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid ca ...

of ancient China are also types of mausolea. **

Qianling Mausoleum The Qian Mausoleum () is a Tang dynasty (618–907) tomb site located in Qian County, Shaanxi Province, China, and is northwest of Xi'an.Valder (2002), 80. Built in 684 (with additional construction until 706), the tombs of the mausoleum comple ...

in China, houses the remains of

Emperor Gaozong of Tang Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third Emperor of China, emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty, ruling from 649 to 683; after January 665, he handed power over the empire to his second wife ...

and the ruling Empress

Wu Zetian Wu Zetian (624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty, Empress of China from 660 to 705, ruling first through others and later in her own right. She ruled as queen consort , empress consort th ...

, along with 17 others in auxiliary tombs. **

Tomb A tomb ( ''tumbos'') or sepulchre () is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes. Placing a corpse into a tomb can be called '' immurement'', alth ...

and

Mausoleum of Genghis Khan The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan is a mausoleum dedicated to Genghis Khan, where he is worshipped as ancestor, dynastic founder, and deity. The mausoleum is better called the Lord's Enclosure (i.e. shrine), the traditional name among the Mongols, ...

Ordos City Ordos, also known as Ih Ju, is one of the twelve List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia, major subdivisions of Inner Mongolia, China. It lies within the Ordos Plateau of the Yellow River. Although mainly rural, Ordos is administered ...

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. ...

. **

Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties () is the designation under which the UNESCO has included several tombs and burial complexes in the list of World Heritage Sites. These tombs date from the Ming and Qing dynasties of China. Tombs wer ...

*** Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum,

Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...

*** Thirteen Imperial Mausoleums of Ming Dynasty Emperors,

Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...

*** Fuling Tomb,

Shenyang Shenyang,; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly known as Fengtian formerly known by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a sub-provincial city in China and the list of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Liaonin ...

***

Zhao Mausoleum (Qing Dynasty) Zhaoling (; mnc, , v=eldengge munggan), also known as Beiling () is the tomb of the first Qing emperor, Hong Taiji, and his Empress Xiaoduanwen. The tomb is located within Beiling Park, in Huanggu District of the northern urban Shenyang, Li ...

*** Eastern Qing Tombs *** Western Qing Tombs *

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum ( zh, t=中山陵, p=Zhōngshān Líng) is situated at the foot of the second peak of Purple Mountain (Nanjing), Purple Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Construction of the tomb started in January 1926, and was fin ...

. * Mausoleum of

Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 18596 June 1916) was a Chinese general and statesman who served as the second provisional president and the first official president of the Republic of China, head of the Beiyang government from 1912 to 1916 and ...

, Beiguan,

Anyang Anyang ( zh, s=安阳, t=安陽; ) is a prefecture-level city in Henan, China. Geographical coordinates are 35° 41'~ 36° 21' north latitude and 113° 38'~ 114° 59' east longitude. The northernmost city in Henan, Anyang borders Puyang to the eas ...

. * Mausoleum of Mao Zedong,

. Tomb of the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di, Xi'an, China - panoramio.jpg,

Xi'an Xi'an is the list of capitals in China, capital of the Chinese province of Shaanxi. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong plain, the city is the third-most populous city in Western China after Chongqing and Chengdu, as well as the most populou ...

, China Sun mausoleum.jpg,

, China Yuan Shikai Mausoleum - 袁林 (5067194466).jpg, Mausoleum of

, Beiguan,

, China MausoleumMaoZedongpic.jpg, Mausoleum of Mao Zedong in

, China

India

Akbar's tomb Akbar's tomb is the mausoleum of the third and greatest Mughal emperor Akbar. The tomb was built in 1605–1613 by his son, Jahangir and is situated on 119 acres of grounds in Sikandra, a suburb of Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The buildings are ...

Agra Agra ( ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the ...

Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal ( ; ; ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal Empire, Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan () to house the tomb of his belo ...

, Agra * Qutb Shahi Tombs,

Hyderabad Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of , much ...

* Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur *

Humayun's Tomb Humayun's tomb (Persian language, Persian: ''Maqbara-i Humayun'') is the tomb of Emperor of Hindustan, Emperor Mirza Nasir al-Din Muhammad commonly known as Humayun situated in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and ...

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...

* Tomb of Sher Shah Suri,

Sasaram Sasaram (), also spelled as Shahasaram, is a historical city and a municipal corporation region in the Rohtas district of Bihar state in eastern India. The city served as the capital of the Sur dynasty during Sher Shah Suri's rule over India in ...

Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...

* Safdarjung's Tomb, Delhi *

Bibi Ka Maqbara The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English: "Tomb of the Lady") is a tomb located in the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was commissioned in 1660 by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's son, Prince Azam Shah, in the memory of his mother ...

Aurangabad Aurangabad (), officially renamed as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar in 2023, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarters of Aurangabad district and is the largest city in the Marathwada region. Located on a ...

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

Taj_Mahal,_Agra,_India_edit3.jpg,

, India

Indonesia

Grave of Sukarno The Grave of Sukarno (or Bung Karno's Grave), Indonesia's first president, is located in Blitar, East Java. Initially an ordinary grave where he was buried shortly after his death, a mausoleum was constructed in the late 1970s and the site evol ...

Blitar Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

* Astana Giribangun at Karanganyar,

Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...

Imogiri Imogiri () is a ''kapanewon'' (district) in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and ...

complex in Imogiri,

is the cemetery for Mataram royals and the Hamengkubuwana Royals of

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...

and Pakubuwono of

Surakarta Surakarta (Javanese script, Javanese: , Pegon script, Pegon: ), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese script, Javanese: ; ), is a major List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in Central Java, Indonesia. The city adjoins Karanganyar Reg ...

* Mausoleum O. G. Khouw at

Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...

Makam Soekarno.jpg,

Astana Giribangun06.jpg, Astana Giribangun

Japan

* Mausoleums of Emperors of Japan **

Mozu Tombs The are a group of ''kofun'' ()—megalithic tombs—in Sakai, Osaka, Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Originally consisting of more than 100 tombs, fewer than 50% of the key-hole, round, and rectangular tombs remain. The , the largest ''kofun' ...

Sakai is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its '' kofun'', keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The ''kofun ...

Osaka Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Osaka Prefecture has a population of 8,778,035 () and has a geographic area of . Osaka Prefecture borders Hyōgo Prefecture to the northwest, Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Nara ...

** Fukakusa no kita no Misasagi (深草北陵) in

Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...

** Sennyū-ji, Kyoto *** Tsuki no wa no misasagi (月輪陵) ** Fushimi Momoyama no Misasagi (伏見桃山陵), Kyoto **

Musashi Imperial Graveyard is a mausoleum complex of the Japanese Emperors in Nagabusa-machi, Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan. Located within a forest in the western suburbs of Tokyo and named for the ancient Musashi Province, the site contains the mausolea of Emperor Taishō ...

, is a mausoleum complex at

Hachiōji is a Cities of Japan, city located in the Western Tokyo, western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 561,344, and a population density of 3,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . It is ...

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

* Toyokuni Shrine at

Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto is one of the eleven Wards of Kyoto, wards in the Municipalities of Japan, city of Kyoto, Kyoto, Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. History It was created in 1929 when it was split off from Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto, Shimogyō-ku. During the years ...

. Mausoleum of Kampaku

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: ...

, which was later destroyed by the Tokugawa clan. * Nikkō Tōshō-gū at

Nikkō is a Cities of Japan, city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. , the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Nikkō is a popular destination for Japanese and ...

Tochigi Prefecture is a landlocked Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 Square kilometre, km2 (2,474 Square mile, sq mi ...

. It is part of the " Shrines and Temples of Nikkō", Mausoleum of

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...

, Tokugawa shōguns. *

Rinnō-ji is a Tendai Buddhist temple in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi, Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. History The site was established in 766 by the Buddhist monk Shōdō Shōnin (735–817). Due to its geographic isolation, deep in the mountai ...

. The temple also administers the Taiyū-in Reibyō (大猷院霊廟), which is the mausoleum of

Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who acted as his political adviser and was at the ...

, the third Tokugawa shōgun. Together with Nikkō Tōshō-gū and Futarasan Shrine. *

Zuihōden in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan is the mausoleum complex of Date Masamune and his heirs, daimyō of the Sendai Domain. History When Date Masamune, known as and founder of the Sendai Domain, died in 1636, he left instructions for a mauso ...

Sendai is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Miyagi Prefecture and the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,098,335 in 539,698 households, making it the List of cities in Japan, twelfth most populated city in Japan. ...

Miyagi Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of . Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akit ...

is the mausoleum complex of

Date Masamune was a Japanese ''daimyō'' during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai. An outstanding tactician, he w ...

and his heirs,

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

of the

Sendai Domain The , also known as the , was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871. The Sendai Domain was based at Aoba Castle in Mutsu Province, in the modern city of Sendai, located in the Tōhoku region of ...

* Tamaudun, at Shuri, Okinawa Taiyuin Honden Ai no ma.jpg, Taiyū-in Reibyō at

Sennyuji Kyoto11o4592.jpg, Tsuki no wa no misasagi in Sennyū-ji, Kyoto Fushimi momoyaja jyou 13.jpg, Fushimi Momoyama no Misasagi in Kyoto,

Kyoto Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Kyoto Prefecture has a population of 2,561,358 () and has a geographic area of . Kyoto Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the northeast, Shiga Prefecture ...

HO Mausoleum EntranceIn KyotoJapan.jpg, The entrance to Higashi Otani Mausoleum, Kyoto

Malaysia

* Makam Pahlawan at National Mosque of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur * Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum, Makam Diraja Mahmoodiah at Bukit Mahmoodiah in Jalan Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru, Johor * Hang Kasturi Mausoleum at Jonker Walk, Melaka City, Melaka * Kedah Royal Mausoleum at Langgar, Kedah, Langgar, Kota Setar District, Kedah * Kelantan Royal Mausoleum * Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum at Bukit Chandan in Jalan Istana, Kuala Kangsar, Jalan Istana, Kuala Kangsar * Hang Jebat Mausoleum in Melaka City, Melaka * Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum * Tun Teja Mausoleum in Merlimau, Jasin District, Melaka * Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum * Sultan Abdul Samad Mausoleum in Jugra, Banting, Selangor Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum.jpg, Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum, Makam Diraja Mahmoodiah at Bukit Mahmoodiah in Jalan Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru, Johor

Pakistan

* Tomb of Jahangir at Shahdara Bagh, Shahdara, near Lahore, Pakistan. * Mazar-e-Quaid at Karachi, Pakistan * Tomb of Allama Iqbal at Lahore, Pakistan * Data Durbar at Lahore, Pakistan * Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Lahore, Pakistan * Bhutto family mausoleum, Garhi Khuda Bakhsh, Sindh, Pakistan Tomb Jinnah.jpg, Mazar-e-Quaid, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Mausoleum in Karachi, Pakistan "Samadhi of Ranjit Singh at Sunrise.".jpg, Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire at Lahore, Pakistan Grave of Sultan Qutb al-Din Aibak.jpg, Tomb of Qutb ud-Din Aibak, founder of the Delhi Sultanate at Lahore, Pakistan Shrine Of Allo Mahar sharif.jpg, Shrine of Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar Sharif. Muhammad Allama Iqbal’s Tomb.JPG, Tomb of Allama Iqbal at Lahore, Pakistan Tomb of Jahangir and gardens.jpg, The exterior view of the Mausoleum of Emperor Jahangir, located in Punjab, Pakistan

Philippines

* Rizal Monument at Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines, houses the remains of Jose Rizal, Dr. Jose Rizal, national hero of the Philippines. * Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. * Manila North Cemetery#Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution, Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution, enshrining participants in the 1896 Philippine Revolution, revolution against the Spanish Empire. * Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon Memorial, in Quezon City, Philippines, houses the remains of President of the Philippines, President Manuel L. Quezon and his wife, Aurora Quezon, Aurora. * Marcos Museum and Mausoleum in Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, housing the remains of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Taiwan

* National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan. * Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Taipei), National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan. * Cihu Mausoleum, Mausoleum of late President Chiang Kai-shek, Taoyuan City, Taoyuan, Taiwan. * Touliao Mausoleum, Mausoleum of late President Chiang Ching-kuo, Taoyuan City, Taoyuan, Taiwan. * :zh:辭修公園, Chen Tsyr-shiou Memorial Park, Former Mausoleum and Memorial of late Vice President Chen Cheng, Taishan District, New Taipei, Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek memorial amk.jpg, National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan Cihu Chiang residence courtyard.JPG, Cihu Mausoleum, Mausoleum of late President Chiang in Taoyuan City, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Others

* Konbaung tombs are a collection of mausoleums built by Konbaung Dynasty kings in Mandalay, Amarapura, and Inwa, Myanmar. * Kandawmin Garden Mausolea, Myanmar. * Martyrs' Mausoleum, Myanmar. * Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit, Thailand * Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea * Kim Koo Museum and :ko:효창공원, Hyochang Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South Korea) * Bandaranaike family Estate in Horagolla Bandaranaike Samadhi, Sri Lanka * Kurjey Lhakhang, Bumthang Valley, Bumthang District, Bhutan * Silver Pagoda, Phnom Penh, Cambodia * Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Hanoi, Vietnam * Kumsusan Palace of the Sun or Kim Il Sung Mausoleum, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) Sejong tomb 2.jpg, Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, Yeongneung, King Sejong's mausoleum in Yeoju, South Korea Kumsusan Memorial Palace, Pyongyang.jpg, Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il's mausoleum in Pyongyang, North Korea Lăng chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh về đêm.jpg, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the Mausoleum of the First President of Turkmenistan, in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan on July 11, 2015 (2).jpg, Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque in Gypjak, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

Asia, western

Iran

* Achaemenid architecture, Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae * Naqsh-e Rustam at Persepolis, containing the tombs of Persian Achaemenid kings (522-486 BCE) * Tomb of Ferdowsi in Mashhad * Tomb of Hafez (Hāfezieh) in Shiraz * Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad * Mausoleum of Khomeini in Tehran

Iraq

* Imam Husayn Shrine, Imam Husayn Mosque, Karbala – according to Shia, Shī‘ah belief, the head and body of

, along with all others who fell at the Battle of Karbala are buried there

Israel

* Shrine of the Báb in Haifa * Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh in Akko, Acre

Jordan

* Al-Khazneh at Petra * Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus

Pallestine

* Mukataa#Temporary burial-place of Arafat, Mausoleum of Yasser Arafat in Ramallah, West Bank

Turkey

* Anıtkabir mausoleum of Atatürk the founder of the Republic of Turkey at Ankara * Celal Bayar Mausoleum in Bursa * Adnan Menderes's Mausoleum, in Istanbul * Turgut Özal's Mausoleum, in Istanbul * :tr:Süleyman Demirel Anıt Mezarı, Süleyman Demirel Mausoleum in Atabey

United Arab Emirates

* Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi

Gallery

File:Anıtkabir, Ankara.jpg, Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara, Turkey File:Seyed Ruhollah Khomeini's tomb in 2023.jpeg, Mausoleum of Khomeini in Tehran, Iran File:Hafez Fixed.jpg, Tomb of Hafez (Hāfezieh) in Shiraz, Iran File:Mausoleum of Hafez al-Assad 2.jpg, Mausoleum of the Assad family in Qardaha, Syria File:Treasury Petra.jpg, The Khazneh at Petra is believed to be Nabataean King Aretas IV's mausoleum. File:Al-Masjid An-Nabawi (Bird's Eye View).jpg, The Green Dome, mausoleum of

, Abu Bakr, and Omar I, located in the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia File:Karbala City 1.jpg, The mausoleum of Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq File:طواف - panoramio.jpg, Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae, Iran File:Rashed belah tomb.jpg, Al-Rashid Mausoleum, Mausoleum of later Abbasid Caliph Ar-Rashid (1109–1138), Ar-Rashid bi-llāh

Europe

* Imperial Crypt in Austria * Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Belgium * Batenberg Mausoleum in Sofia, Bulgaria * Cathedral of Saint Domnius in Split, Croatia * Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Royal Mausoleum and the Frogmore#The Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum, Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor, England * Trentham Mausoleum near Stoke-on-Trent, England * Juselius Mausoleum in Finland * in France * Panthéon, Paris in France * Bismarck Mausoleum outside Friedrichsruh in northern Germany * Lajos Batthyány's Mausoleum in Budapest, Hungary * Mausoleum of Augustus in

, Italy. * Castel Sant'Angelo, Mausoleum of Hadrian in

, Italy * Pantheon, Rome in Italy * Mausoleum of Theodoric in Ravenna, Italy * Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy * Wilhelm II Mausoleum in Doorn, Netherlands * Church of Santa Engrácia, National Pantheon / Church of Santa Engrácia in Lisbon, Portugal * Mausoleum of Marasesti in Marasesti, Romania * Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia * Cathedral of the Archangel in Moscow, Russia * Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow, Russia * Hamilton Mausoleum at Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Hamilton, Scotland * Damat Ali-Paša's Turbeh, Damat Ali-Pasha Mausoleum, Belgrade, Serbia * House of Flowers (mausoleum), House of Flowers in Belgrade, Serbia * Oplenac, House of Karađorđević Mausoleum, St. George's Church, Oplenac in Topola, Serbia * Valle de los Caídos in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain Cathédrale Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, 140309 2.jpg, in Paris, France Paris Pantheon Outside.JPG, Panthéon, Paris, The Panthéon in Paris, France Juselius mausoleum.jpg, Jusélius Mausoleum at the Käppärä Cemetery in Pori, Finland Njegošev mauzolej na Lovćenu, 2013-05-04 - panoramio (1).jpg, Mausoleum of Njegoš in Lovćen, Montenegro Mauzoleumlenina (cropped).jpeg, Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow, Russia Tito's mausoleu entrance.JPG, House of Flowers (mausoleum), House of Flowers in Belgrade, Serbia Church of St. George in Topola (by Pudelek) 1.JPG, Oplenac in Topola, Serbia SPA-2014-San Lorenzo de El Escorial-Valley of the Fallen (Valle de los Caídos).jpg, Valle de los Caídos in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

South America

Argentina

* La Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires * Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, mausoleum of José de San Martín * Mausoleum of Néstor Kirchner, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Santa Cruz * Cathedral of La Plata, mausoleum of Dardo Rocha San Martin's Grave.jpg, Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, mausoleum of General San Martín in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Bolivia

* Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, La Paz, mausoleum of Andrés de Santa Cruz * Cementerio General de Cochabamba, mausoleum of "general del pueblo" René Barrientos Ortuño Colorados Guard Remains of Mariscal Santa Cruz (41749215151).jpg, Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, La Paz, mausoleum of Andrés de Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Brazil

* Obelisk of São Paulo, mausoleum to the heroes of the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo, São Paulo (state), São Paulo * Chico Xavier mausoleum in Uberaba, Minas Gerais * Cemitério de São João Batista, São João Batista Cemetery, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro * Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo * JK Memorial in Brasília, Federal District (Brazil), Federal District * Monument to the dead of World War II, Rio de Janeiro * Imperial Mausoleum, the final resting place of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and other members of the Brazilian imperial family Vista aérea do Monumento à Independência.jpg, The Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo houses the Sarcophagus, sarcophagi of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) and his two wives Petropolis-Cathedral1.jpg, The Imperial Mausoleum in the Cathedral of Petrópolis, Cathedral of São Pedro de Alcântara in Petrópolis, Brazil. It is the final resting place of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and other members of the Brazilian imperial family Convento de Santo Antônio do Largo da Carioca 09.jpg, A mausoleum containing the remains of several Prince of Brazil (Brazil), Brazilian royals, as well as those of Franciscan friars, in the Convent of Santo Antônio, Rio de Janeiro File:Pracinhas-CCBY.jpg, The Monument to the dead of World War II in Rio de Janeiro. The below grade mausoleum holds the remains of 467 servicemen of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force who died in action in Italy during World War II Tv tower at the sun set in Brasilia 02.jpg, The JK Memorial is the burial place of Brazilian president Juscelino Kubitschek in Brasília, a city founded by Kubitschek himself

Chile

* :es:Altar de la Patria (Chile), Altar de la Patria of Chile * Cementerio General de Santiago, Chile Altar de la patria chile.jpg, :es:Altar de la Patria (Chile), Altar de la Patria of Chile

Colombia

* Central Cemetery of Bogotá, Colombia

Ecuador

* :es:Cementerio de San Diego, San Diego Cemetery, Quito * Cathedral of Quito

Paraguay

* National Pantheon of the Heroes Gran Panteón de Asunción by Felipe Méndez.jpg, National Pantheon of the Heroes in Asuncion, Paraguay

Peru

* Panteón de los Próceres * Presbítero Maestro, mausoleum and museum in Lima * Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima Panteón de los Próceres.JPG, Presbitero Maestro mausoleum and museum in Lima, Peru

Uruguay

* Artigas Mausoleum, mausoleum of José Gervasio Artigas File:Artigas Pza Indep2.jpg, Monument at the entrance of the Artigas Mausoleum in Montevideo, Uruguay. File:Artigas mausoleum.JPG, Inside of the Artigas Mausoleum.

Venezuela

* National Pantheon of Venezuela, mausoleum of Simón Bolívar Panteón Nacional de Venezuela desde el MINCI.jpg, National Pantheon of Venezuela, mausoleum of Simón Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela

North America

Canada

* Beechwood Cemetery in Vanier, Ottawa, Ontario * Chapel Lawn Cemetery in Winnipeg, Manitoba * Eaton family (Toronto), Eaton family mausoleum at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto, Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto, Ontario * Fairview Mausoleum in Niagara Falls, Ontario * Francis Nicholson Darke's mausoleum at Regina Cemetery in Regina, Saskatchewan * Hamilton Cemetery in Hamilton, Ontario * Hart Massey's mausoleum at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto, Ontario * Hillcrest Memorial Gardens in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan * Holy Cross Cemetery (Edmonton) in Edmonton, Alberta * Larson Mausoleum in Lang, Saskatchewan * Mount Royal Cemetery, Outremont, Quebec * Mountain View Cemetery (Vancouver) in Vancouver, British Columbia * Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery, Cote-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grace, Montreal, Quebec * Queen's Park Mausoleum in Calgary, Alberta * Sir Henry Pellatt's mausoleum at Park Lawn Cemetery in Etobicoke, Ontario

Cuba

* Santa Ifigenia Cemetery, Santiago de Cuba

Dominican Republic

* Altar de la Patria, mausoleum to the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic * National Pantheon of the Dominican Republic

El Salvador

* :es:Cementerio de Los Ilustres, Los Ilustres Cemetery * San Salvador Cathedral

Guatemala

* Guatemala City General Cemetery

Haiti

* Haiti's National Cemetery in Port-au-Prince, where François Duvalier, who ruled from 1957 to 1971, is buried

Mexico

* El Ángel Victory column and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican War of Independence, Mexican Independence in Mexico City * Monumento a la Revolución monument commemorating and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Revolution in Mexico City * Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City * Jardines Del Humaya, a cemetery with opulent multi-story and air-conditioned mausoleums of Mexican drug cartel members Monumento a la Independencia (El Angel).jpg, El Ángel Victory column and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican War of Independence, Mexican Independence in Mexico City, Mexico Monumento a la revolución2017.jpg, Monumento a la Revolución monument commemorating and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Revolution in Mexico City, Mexico

Nicaragua

* :es:Parque Central (Managua), Central Park, Managua

Panama

* Omar Torrijos Mausoleum, Amador, Panama, Amador, Panama City

United States

* Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Flagler's mausoleum in Saint Augustine, Florida, St. Augustine, Florida * Presidential memorials in the United States and List of burial places of Presidents of the United States, Presidents' graves of the United States ** Grant's Tomb in New York, New York ** James A. Garfield Memorial in Cleveland, Ohio ** Lincoln Tomb, Abraham Lincoln's tomb in Springfield, Illinois * MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia * Crown Hill Memorial Park in Dallas, Texas * Elmwood Cemetery and Mausoleum in Birmingham, Alabama * Miles Mausoleum in Arlington National Cemetery * Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York * Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale), Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California * Hillcrest Memorial Park in Augusta, Georgia * Macon Memorial Park in Macon, Georgia * Queen of Heaven Mausoleum in Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Hillside, Illinois * Rose Hills Memorial Park, Whittier, California * Wilhelm's Portland Memorial Funeral Home in Portland, Oregon * Tacoma Mausoleum in Tacoma, Washington * Tombs of the Uga (mascot), Uga mascots inside Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia * Brigadier General Egbert Ludovicus Viele's Egyptian-style pyramid mausoleum in West Point, New York * Rapper XXXTentacion's mausoleum at The Gardens of Boca Raton in Boca Raton, Florida * Rapper Juice Wrld's mausoleum at Beverly Cemetery in Blue Island, Illinois * Monumento a los heroes de El Polvorín (tomb), Mausoleo a los Heroes de El Polvorín, at Cementerio Civil de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico Cemetery of the Holy Rood Section 6 2021c.jpg, Mausolea in Cemetery of the Holy Rood on Long Island, New York InsideSpringValleyMausoleum.jpg, The interior of the Spring Valley Mausoleum in Minnesota, listed on the National Register of Historic Places Percival Lowell - Mausoleum 2013.jpg, Percival Lowell – Mausoleum 2013 at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona

Oceania

* Massey Memorial in Wellington, New Zealand, where Prime Minister of New Zealand, New Zealand Prime Minister William Massey and his wife are interred. * Savage Memorial at Bastion Point in Auckland, New Zealand, where Prime Minister of New Zealand, New Zealand Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage is interred. * Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Hall of Memory at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

Notes

# The plurals ''mausoleums'' and ''mausolea'' are both used in English, although ''mausoleums'' is more common.

Footnotes

External links

Mausolea and Monuments Trust, gazetteer of mausolea in England

– slideshow at ''The Huffington Post'' {{Authority control Mausoleums, Burial monuments and structures

Overview

Notable mausoleums

Africa

Algeria

Others

Asia, Eastern, Southern, Central, and Southeast

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

China

India

Indonesia

Japan

Malaysia

Pakistan

Philippines

Taiwan

Others

Asia, western

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Jordan

Pallestine

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Gallery

Europe

South America

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

North America

Canada

Cuba

Dominican Republic

El Salvador

Guatemala

Haiti

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

United States

Oceania

See also

Notes

Footnotes

External links