List of Latin-script trigraphs

A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script.

A

is used for in Dutch and various Cantonese romanisations.

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish.

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish, when stressed or for ( in Mayo and Ulster), when unstressed word-finally.

is used for in Irish.

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish.

is used for ( before a vowel) in French.

is used for ( before a vowel) in French. It also represents in Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written .

is used for in Irish, between broad consonants.

is used for in RP, as in ''chair''.

is used for in Irish.

is used for in Irish, between a broad and a slender consonant.

is used for ( before a vowel) in French.

is used for in French.

is used in a few words in French for .

is used for the strident vowel in Taa (If IPA does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

B–C

is used for and in Irish. It is used for the eclipsis of .

is used for (a voiceless velar fricative) in Breton. It should not be confused with ch, which represents (a voiceless postalveolar fricative).

is used for before , , in Italian.

is used for in Hungarian for germinated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

is used for in Eskayan romanised orthography and in Scottish Gaelic.

is used for in Quechua and romanizations of Indic languages

is used in for in Corsican.

is used for in southern dialects of Welsh

D

is used for the prevoiced aspirated affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

is used for the dental affricate in Chipewyan.

is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is not used within roots, where may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *. Examples are .

is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet of Hmong.

is used for in English transcriptions of the Polish digraph .

is used for the foreign sound in German. A common variant is the tetragraph . It is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced aspirated affricate .

is used for foreign loan words with Norwegian. Sometimes the digraph ''dj'' is used.

is used for the voiced palatal click in Naro.

is used for in English transcriptions of the Russian digraph . In the practical orthography of Taa, where it represents the prevoiced affricate .

is used for when it precedes a vowel and otherwise in Polish, and is considered a variant of the digraph dź appearing in other situations.

is used for the voiced palato-alveolar affricate in Hungarian

is used for the whistled sibilant affricate in Shona.

is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

E

is used for in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in French for after .

is used for in Irish, between slender consonants.

is used for in French and is a word itself meaning "water".

is used for in Lancashire dialect.

is used for in Afrikaans.

is used for ( before a vowel) in French.

is used for in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in Cantonese Jyutping for .

is used for the strident vowel in the practical orthography of Taa (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath).

is used in Cantonese Yale romanisation for .

F

is used for in Icelandic.

is used for in Icelandic.

G

is used for in French words such as .

is used for before , , in Italian.

is used for in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard; e.g., "lay".

is used for ejective in Hadza.

is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound

is used for in Corsican.

is used for a labialized velar/uvular in Chipewyan. In Canadian Tlingit it represents , which is written in Alaska. It is also used for in Gwich'in.

is used for before a vowel other than in Italian.

is used for in Talossan.

is used for in a few French words such as .

is used for the prevoiced affricate in the practical orthography of Taa.

and are used for at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix ''-e'' in French. E.g. "sharp" and "ambiguous". In the French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional be changed to .

are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced aspirated clicks, .

are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate ejective-contour clicks, .

are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate pulmonic-contour clicks, .

H

is used for a labialized velar/uvular in Chipewyan.

is used for the aspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate in some romanizations of Burmese ချ or ခြ.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

I

is used for an unstressed word-final in Irish, which is realised as , and depending on dialect.

represents in Afrikaans.

is used for an unstressed word-final in Irish, which is realised as , and depending on dialect. In English it may be used for , e.g. ''light'' .

is used for in a few French words such as ''oignon'' "onion" and ''encoignure'' "corner". It was eliminated in the French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used.

is used for or in the ''ijekavian'' reflex of Serbo-Croatian.

is used for in Breton.

is used for in French, as in ''épouiller'' .

is used for the strident vowel in the practical orthography of Taa. (If IPA does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

is used for in Irish, between slender consonants.

J–L

is used for in Ossete.

is used for in Canadian Tlingit, which is written in Alaska. It is also used for in Gwich'in.

is used for in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard, e.g. in "not".

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Purépecha.

is used for in Nuxalk.

is a common convention for .

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for after in a few French words, such as .

is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

is used for in Arrernte.

M

is used for in Shona.

is used for the sound in Portuguese.

N

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Xhosa is represents .

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in Swahili. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.

is used for , a prenasalised , in some African orthographies.

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in several languages such as Filipino and Malay that use for .

is used for , before , , and , in Vietnamese. In Welsh, it represents a voiceless velar nasal (a under the nasal mutation). In Xhosa, represents a murmured velar nasal.

is used for voiceless in Gogo.

is used for a back velar stop, , in Yanyuwa

is used for doubly articulated consonant in Yélî Dnye of Papua New Guinea.

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in Bouyei and Standard Zhuang.

is used or in the orthographies of several languages.

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in Arrernte.

is info for in Xhosa.

is used in for the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for , a prenasalized , in some African orthographies.

is used for the alveolar click in Xhosa.

is used for the prenasalized lateral click in Xhosa.

is used in Inuktitut and Greenlandic to write a long (geminate) velar nasal, .

is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for the click in Naro.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop, .

is used for in Cypriot Arabic.

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Malagasy it represents .

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in Xhosa. In Gogo it's voiceless .

is used for a pre- velar stop, in Yanyuwa.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for the prenasalized whistled sibilant in Shona.

are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four murmured nasal clicks, .

O

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish.

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish.

is used for in Afrikaans.

is used for in Dutch and Afrikaans.

is that represents a Walloon nasal vowel.

is used for and in the Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of Lombard.

is used for ( in Ulster) in Irish.

is used for ( before a vowel) in French. In Tibetan Pinyin, it represents and is alternately ön.

is used for in Irish, between broad consonants.

is used for in Irish.

is used for in Dutch and Afrikaans.

is used for the strident vowel in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

P–R

is used in Kuanua, in "water".

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Soninke.

is used for in Silesian.

is used for final in some English words of French origin, such as ''macaque'', ''oblique'', ''opaque'', and ''torque''.

is used for in several English names of Scots origin, such as Sanquhar, Farquhar, and Urquhart or , as in Colquhoun.

is used for in Nuxalk.

is used for the affricate in the practical orthography of Taa.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for a retroflex stop in Yanyuwa.

is used for , a uvular nasal followed by velar nasal, in Inuktitut.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in words of Greek derivation such as ''diarrhea''.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for the ''sje'' sound in Swedish as in the word "marshal".

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Arrernte.

S

is used for in German and other languages influenced by it such as Low German and Romansh. It is used for the ''sje'' sound in Swedish at the end of a French loanword; e.g., (fr. ), or in Greek loanwords, such as ("schedule") and . In Walloon, it represents a consonant that is variously , , , or , depending on the dialect. In English, is usually used for , but the word ' (from the Late Latin ) can be or depending on dialect. In Dutch, it may represent word-final , as in the common suffix ''-isch'' and in some (sur)names, like Bosch and Den Bosch. In the Rheinische Dokumenta, is used to denote the sounds , and , while with an arc below denotes .

is used in Italian for before , , .

is used in Bolivian Quechua for .

is used in Gwich'in for .

represents a fricative phoneme in some Scandinavian languages. In Faroese (e.g. "to shoot") and in Norwegian (e.g. "maybe"), it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative . In Swedish (e.g. "shirt") it is often realised as the ''sje'' sound .

is used for in English such as in ''mission''. It is used in a few French loanwords in Swedish for the ''sje'' sound , e.g. "dessert plate".

is used for the ''sje'' sound in a few Swedish words between two short vowels, such as "hayrack".

is a long Hungarian , . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced before a consonant, as in and ; in American English, it is pronounced in ''isthmus'' and in ''asthma''.

is used for the ''sje'' sound in 5 native Swedish words, it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative or the consonant cluster in Norwegian depending on dialect.

is used for in Cantonese romanization.

and are used for the sequence in Piedmontese.

and are used for the sequence in Piedmontese.

T

is used for the click in Naro.

is used for the aspirated click in Naro, the aspirated affricate in Sandawe, Hadza and Juǀʼhoan, and the affricate in French and Portuguese. In modern Walloon it is , which used to be written ''ch''. In Swedish it is used for the affricate in a small number of English loanwords, such as ''match'' and ''batch''. In English it is a variant of the digraph , used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph for .

is used for the uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

and are used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Xhosa. It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph .

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Nuxalk.

is used for in languages such as Tswana, and is in the fictional Klingon language from ''Star Trek'', where it is treated as a single letter.

is used in Catalan for . In Valencian and Balearic it represents .

and are used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Nuxalk.

is used for in Naro.

is used in various languages, such as Juǀʼhoan, for the aspirated affricate . In the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, it represents the sound . In Xhosa, it may be used to write , , or , though it is sometimes limited to , with and distinguished as and .

is used for in Dutch and Norwegian.

is used for the whistled sibilant affricate in Shona.

is used for the uvularized affricate in Juǀʼhoan.

is used for or in Seneca, can also be .

is used for the syllables and in Cantonese romanization.

is used for dental affricate in Chipewyan.

is used for ejective in Haida (Bringhurst orthography).

is used for ejective in Haida (Bringhurst orthography).

is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

is used for in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.

is used for in Xhosa.

is used for in Arrernte.

is used for in Cantonese names (such as Cheung Tze-keung) or in Chinese names (such as Yangtze).

U–W

is used for in Irish, between broad consonants.

is used for the strident vowel in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an with a double tilde underneath.)

is used for in Central Alaskan Yup'ik.

X–Z

is used for in Canadian Tlingit, which is written in Alaska.

is used in Gwich'in for .

is used for in Hungarian as a geminated . It is collated as rather than as . It is only used within roots; when two are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence .

Other

(capital ) is used for in Kabiye, a pre-nasalized .

are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four aspirated nasal clicks, .

are used in Khoekhoe for its four plain aspirated clicks, .

{{Latin script

Latin-script trigraphs