The 2015 Parti Québécois leadership election was held from May 13 to May 15, 2015 as a result of the resignation of

Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (PQ; , ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishi ...

leader

Pauline Marois Pauline Marois (; born March 29, 1949) is a retired Canadian politician, who served as the 30th premier of Quebec from 2012 to 2014. Marois had been a Member of the National Assembly (Quebec), member of the National Assembly in various ridings ...

after the defeat of her government in the April 7, 2014 provincial election.

Procedure

The election was conducted using a

one member, one vote "One man, one vote" or "one vote, one value" is a slogan used to advocate for the principle of equal representation in voting. This slogan is used by advocates of democracy and political equality, especially with regard to electoral reforms like ...

formula. Each member of the Parti Quebecois was allowed to vote by phone or on the web from May 13 until May 15. If there is not a majority for a candidate (50% +1) on the first ballot, there will be a run-off ballot between the two candidates who had the most votes on the first ballot. If a second ballot was required, it would have been held from May 20 until May 22. To be nominated, a candidate needed to collect 2,000 signatures aggregated from 50 ridings, in 10 regions and pay $20,000 to be listed on the first ballot. If there were a second ballot, candidates would have had to pay an additional $5,000. The spending limit was $400,000. A proposal to allow a vote open to non-members was defeated.

Timeline

*April 7, 2014:

General election A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from By-election, by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. Gener ...

results in the defeat of the incumbent PQ government.

, who lost her seat in the

National Assembly of Quebec The National Assembly of Quebec (, ) is the Legislature, legislative body of the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec in Canada. Legislators are called MNAs (Members of the National Assembly; ). The lieutenant governor of Que ...

, announces that she will be resigning as party leader. *April 10, 2014:

Stéphane Bédard Stéphane Bédard (born 11 March 1968) is a Canadian lawyer and politician. Bédard was interim leader of the Parti Québécois from 2014 to 2015. He was the Member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the provincial riding of Chicoutimi. H ...

chosen interim parliamentary leader by the PQ caucus. *May 13, 2014: Former

Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (, , BQ) is a centre-left politics, centre-left and list of federal political parties in Canada, federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism, Quebecois nationalism, social democracy, and the promotion o ...

leader

Gilles Duceppe Gilles Duceppe (; born July 22, 1947) is a Canadian retired politician, proponent of the Quebec sovereignty movement and former leader of the federal political party, Bloc Québécois. He was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Ca ...

announces he will not be a candidate for the PQ leadership despite polls showing him to be the most popular choice of the potential candidates. *June 7, 2014: Marois' resignation takes effect; Parti Québécois Council of Presidents meets to discuss the party's future course and the timing and rules for the leadership election. A decision on setting a date for the election was deferred until the fall. A proposal was made to hold an

open primary Primary elections or primaries are elections held to determine which candidates will run in an upcoming general election. In a partisan primary, a political party selects a candidate. Depending on the state and/or party, there may be an "open pri ...

in which all Quebeckers could vote for the party's leader. *October 4, 2014: PQ riding association presidents met in

Sherbrooke Sherbrooke ( , ) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. It is at the confluence of the Saint-François River, Saint-François and Magog River, Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territ ...

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

to decide rules and timeline for leadership election. *October 14, 2014: Nomination period opens. *October 14, 2014:

Martine Ouellet Martine Ouellet (; born April 8, 1969) is a Canadian politician who served as leader of the Bloc Québécois from 2017 to 2018. She was the Minister of Natural Resources in the Quebec government from 2012 to 2014. Ouellet was first elected to t ...

declares her candidacy. *October 20, 2014:

Bernard Drainville Bernard Drainville (; born June 6, 1963) is a Canadian politician, television host and journalist. He was the Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Marie-Victorin in Longueuil from 2007 to 2016, representing the Parti Québ� ...

declares his candidacy. *October 21, 2014: Pierre Céré declares his candidacy. *October 27, 2014:

Alexandre Cloutier Alexandre Cloutier (born September 1, 1977) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Lac-Saint-Jean in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region from 2007 to 2018, representing the Parti Q ...

declares his candidacy. *October 31, 2014:

Jean-François Lisée Jean-François Lisée (; born February 13, 1958) is a Canadian politician who served as the leader of the Parti Québécois from October 2016 until October 2018. He was first elected a member of the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2012 Queb ...

declares his candidacy. *November 27, 2014:

Pierre Karl Péladeau Pierre Karl Péladeau (; born 16 October 1961), also known by his initials PKP, is a Canadian businessman, billionaire and former politician. He was also the MNA ( Member of the National Assembly) for Saint-Jérôme. Péladeau is the president ...

declares his candidacy. *January 23, 2015: Lisée withdraws. *January 30, 2015: Deadline for candidates to be nominated. *March 11, 2015: First official debate is held in

Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières (, ; ) is a city in the Mauricie administrative region of Quebec, Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice River, Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence River, Saint Lawrence rivers, on the north shore of the Sain ...

*April 1, 2015: Second debate is held in

*April 15, 2015: Third debate is held in

Quebec City Quebec City is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a populati ...

*April 22, 2015: Drainville withdraws, endorses Péladeau. *May 3, 2015: Fourth debate is held in

Rimouski Rimouski ( ; ) is a city in Quebec, Canada. Rimouski is located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, at the mouth of the Rimouski River. It has a population of 48,935 (as of 2021). Rimouski, whose motto is ''Legi patrum fidelis'' (Faithful to ...

*May 7, 2015: Fifth debate will be held in

Montreal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...

*May 10, 2015: Céré withdraws, endorses Ouellet and Cloutier. *May 13–15, 2015: First ballot voting *May 15, 2015, 9pm: First ballot results announced at the Quebec City Convention Centre

Declared candidates

Alexandre Cloutier Alexandre Cloutier (born September 1, 1977) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Lac-Saint-Jean in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region from 2007 to 2018, representing the Parti Q ...

;Background Alexandre Cloutier-1

MNA for

Lac-Saint-Jean Lac-Saint-Jean (, ) is a federal electoral district in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, northeast Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2004, and has been represented since 2015. Demographics ...

(2007–present), Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, the Canadian Francophonie and Sovereignist Governance (2012–2014). :Date candidacy declared: October 27, 2014 ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: (3)

Gaétan Lelièvre Gaétan Lelièvre is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the National Assembly of Quebec The National Assembly of Quebec (, ) is the Legislature, legislative body of the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec in Canada ...

Véronique Hivon Véronique Hivon (born 1970) is a Canadian politician in the province of Quebec. Hivon was elected to represent the riding of Joliette in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2014 provincial election. She is a member of the Parti Québéco ...

François Gendron François Gendron (born November 3, 1944, in Val-Paradis, Quebec) is a politician and teacher in Quebec, Canada. He was a Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Abitibi-Ouest. He represented the Parti Québécois from 1976 t ...

:Support from former caucus members: (9)

Louise Harel Louise Harel ( ; born April 22, 1946) is a Quebec politician. In 2005 she served as interim leader of the Parti Québécois following the resignation of Bernard Landry. She was also interim leader of the opposition in the National Assembly ...

Louise Beaudoin Louise Beaudoin (born September 26, 1945 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Rosemont in the National Assembly of Quebec until 2012, as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ). She sat as an ...

Stéphan Tremblay Stéphan Tremblay (born November 4, 1973) is a former politician in Quebec, Canada. Tremblay was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1996 to 2002, and a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 2002 to 2006. He was born in Alma ...

, Léo Bureau-Blouin, Jean-Marie Claveau, Henri Lemay,

Denis Trottier Denis Trottier (born June 8, 1952 in Dolbeau-Mistassini, Quebec) is a Quebec politician and teacher. He was previously a Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Roberval in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, losing to Premier ...

, Cécile VermetteEndorsements
/ref> :Other prominent supporters: Richard Nadeau (former MP), Serge Ménard (former MP),

Claude Patry Claude Patry (born January 10, 1953) is a former Canadian Member of Parliament for the riding of Jonquière—Alma, who served a single term from 2011 Canadian federal election until 2015. He was elected as a member of the New Democratic Part ...

(MP) :Policies: Wants to PQ to stop being a "carbon copy" of the past and has stated education and youth is his top priority.

Martine Ouellet Martine Ouellet (; born April 8, 1969) is a Canadian politician who served as leader of the Bloc Québécois from 2017 to 2018. She was the Minister of Natural Resources in the Quebec government from 2012 to 2014. Ouellet was first elected to t ...

;Background MNA for Vachon (2010–present), Minister of Natural Resources and Wildlife (2012–2014). An engineer by training. :Date candidacy declared: October 14, 2014 ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: :Support from former caucus members: (3)

Émilien Pelletier Émilien Pelletier (born September 13, 1945) is a Canadian politician in the province of Quebec. Pelletier was elected to represent the riding of Saint-Hyacinthe in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member ...

André Gaulin André Gaulin (born July 5, 1936) is a Quebec politician, he previously served as the member for Taschereau in the Quebec National Assembly as a member of the Parti Québécois from 1994 until 1998. Biography He obtained a bachelor's degree ...

:Other prominent supporters: France Bonsant (former MP), Thierry St-Cyr (former MP), Sylvie Legault (2014 candidate in Mercier), Michel Parent (president of Montreal’s blue collar workers’ union), JiCi Lauzon (actor), Pierre Céré, (2015 leadership candidate and 2014 MNA candidate in Laurier-Dorion) :Policies: Calls for a sovereignty referendum during her first term leading a PQ government, and has stated environmentalism and social-democracy are at the heart of her campaign.

Pierre Karl Péladeau Pierre Karl Péladeau (; born 16 October 1961), also known by his initials PKP, is a Canadian businessman, billionaire and former politician. He was also the MNA ( Member of the National Assembly) for Saint-Jérôme. Péladeau is the president ...

;Background MNA for

Saint-Jérôme Saint-Jérôme () ( 2021 population 80,213) is a suburban city located about northwest of Montreal on the Rivière du Nord. It is part of the North Shore sector of Greater Montreal. It is a gateway to the Laurentian Mountains and its reso ...

(2014–present), principal shareholder and former president and CEO of Québecor Inc. :Date candidacy declared: November 27, 2014 ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: (15) Nicole Léger,

Harold LeBel Harold LeBel (; born June 22, 1962) is a former Canadian politician and convicted sex offender in Quebec, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2014 election. He represented the electoral district of Rimouski as a member of ...

, Pascal Bérubé,

Maka Kotto Maka Kotto (born December 7, 1961) is a Cameroonian-born Canadian politician. Educated in France, Kotto immigrated to Quebec, Canada, where he was an educator before entering politics. Kotto was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assemb ...

, Claude Cousineau, Dave Turcotte, Nicolas Marceau, Sylvain Rochon, Diane Lamarre,

, Sylvain Gaudreault, Guy Leclair, Sylvain Roy,

Alain Therrien Alain Therrien (; born July 6, 1966) is a Canadian politician who was elected to represent the riding of La Prairie in the 2019 federal election as a member of the Bloc Québécois. Prior to entering federal politics, he served as a member of ...

, Mathieu Traversy :Support from former caucus members: (35)

Bernard Landry Bernard Landry (; March 9, 1937 – November 6, 2018) was a Canadian politician who served as the 28th premier of Quebec from 2001 to 2003. A member of the Parti Québécois (PQ), he led the party from 2001 to 2005, also serving as the leader ...

(former Premier of Quebec),

Jacques Baril Jacques Baril (born February 6, 1942) was a Canadian politician, cabinet minister and a five-term Member of the National Assembly of Quebec. Early life Jacques Baril was born in the town of Princeville, Quebec in 1942. He was educated at l'Éc ...

, Yves Beaumier, Pierre Bélanger, Manon Blanchet, André Boulerice, Guy Chevrette,

Yves Duhaime Yves Duhaime (born May 27, 1939) is a former politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Cabinet Member and Member of the National Assembly of Quebec. Early life Duhaime was born in Chicoutimi, and grew up in Shawinigan. In the 1960s, Duhaime ...

Linda Goupil Linda Goupil (born May 13, 1961 in Saint-Léon-de-Standon, Quebec) is a former Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Lévis in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1998 to 2003.Jean-Pierre Jolivet, Guy Julien,

Marcel Landry Marcel may refer to: People * Marcel (given name), people with the given name Marcel * Marcel (footballer, born August 1981), Marcel Silva Andrade, Brazilian midfielder * Marcel (footballer, born November 1981), Marcel Augusto Ortolan, Brazilian ...

, Scott McKay, Matthias Rioux,

Étienne-Alexis Boucher Étienne-Alexis Boucher is a Canadian politician. Boucher was elected to represent the riding of Johnson in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Parti Québécois. Boucher is a graduate from th ...

Diane Barbeau Diane Barbeau (March 23, 1961 – November 6, 2021) was a Quebec politician. She represented Vanier in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1994 to 2003, as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ). Barbeau worked as an aide to François Bea ...

, René Blouin, Serge Cardin, Jean-Paul Champagne, Noëlla Champagne, Solange Charest, Jacques Côté, Daniel Doyer, Luc Ferland,

Serge Geoffrion Serge Geoffrion (born May 2, 1955) is a Quebec politician and journalist. He served as the member for La Prairie in the Quebec National Assembly as a member of the Parti Québécois from 1998 until 2003. Biography Geoffrion attended the Unive ...

, Daniel Goyer, Jean-Marc Lacoste, Richard Le Hir, Léopold Marquis,

Michel Morin Michel Morin (born March 27, 1948) is a Canadian politician. He was a three-term member of the National Assembly of Quebec, a parliamentary assistant from 1999 to 2001, and whip of the Parti Québécois from 2001 to 2007. Background He was born ...

Claude Pinard Claude Pinard (born June 15, 1949) is a politician in Quebec, Canada. He serves as Member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Saint-Maurice in the Mauricie region from 1994 to 2007 and since the 2008 provincial elections. Ba ...

, Jérôme Proulx, Luc Trudel, Daniel Turp :Other prominent supporters: Yves Michaud (former Liberal MNA 1966-1970), Yves Rocheleau (former MP),

Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac (born February 6, 1972) is a former Canadian politician. She served as a member of Parliament for the Bloc Québécois in the riding of Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot from 2007 to 2011. She was the first Vietnamese Canadian e ...

(former MP), Pierre Paquette (former MP) :Policies: Has stated he's less interested in referendum dates and more on explaining the benefits of sovereignty. This has drawn criticism from other candidates, who claim he's too vague.

Withdrawn candidates

;Background Spokesperson for the Conseil national des chômeurs, PQ activist and 2014 candidate in Laurier-Dorion. :Date candidacy declared: October 21, 2014 :Date of withdrawal: May 10, 2015, endorsed Ouellet and Cloutier ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: :Support from former caucus members: :Other prominent supporters: Yves Lessard (former MP), Claude Guimond (former MP),

(MP) :Policies: Calls for a PQ government to negotiate a new partnership with Ottawa. If the negotiation fails, the government will call a new referendum on independence. Céré's platform is social-democratic, defending the welfare state and proposing a series of measures to reconnect the party with the people.

Bernard Drainville Bernard Drainville (; born June 6, 1963) is a Canadian politician, television host and journalist. He was the Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Marie-Victorin in Longueuil from 2007 to 2016, representing the Parti Québ� ...

;Background MNA for

Marie-Victorin Brother Marie-Victorin, F.S.C. (; April 3, 1885 – July 15, 1944), was a Canadian member of Brothers of the Christian Schools and a noted botanist in Quebec, Canada. Marie-Victorin gained worldwide fame as the author of Flore laurentien ...

(2007–present), Minister responsible for Democratic Institutions and Active Citizenship (2012–2014) and the main architect and defender of the

Quebec Charter of Values The ''Charter of Quebec Value''s ( or ) was Bill 60 in the Canadian province of Quebec, introduced by the governing Parti Québécois in 2013 under Premier Pauline Marois, trying to legislate the Quebec controversy on reasonable accommodat ...

. former

Radio-Canada Radio-Canada may refer to: * CBC/Radio-Canada, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation *Ici Radio-Canada Télé, the CBC's main French-language television network *Ici Radio-Canada Première Ici Radio-Canada Première (formerly Première Chaîne) i ...

journalist. :Date candidacy declared: October 20, 2014 :Date of withdrawal: April 22, 2015, endorsed Péladeau ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: (7)

, Guy Leclair, Sylvain Roy, Mathieu Traversy, Carole Poirier, Sylvain Gaudreault,

André Villeneuve André Villeneuve is a Canadian politician. Villeneuve was elected to represent the riding of Berthier in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Parti Québécois. Villeneuve attended the CEGEP ...

:Support from former caucus members: (1) Gilles Chapadeau :Other prominent supporters: :Policies: Has said he would not hold a sovereignty referendum in his first term as premier.

Jean-François Lisée Jean-François Lisée (; born February 13, 1958) is a Canadian politician who served as the leader of the Parti Québécois from October 2016 until October 2018. He was first elected a member of the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2012 Queb ...

;Background MNA for

Rosemont Rosemont may refer to: People Rosemont is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: * David A. Rosemont, American television producer * Franklin Rosemont (1943–2009), American poet, artist, historian * Norman Rosemont (1924–2018), ...

(2012–present), Minister of International Relations, La Francophonie and External Trade (2012–2014), former journalist and professor. :Date candidacy declared: October 31, 2014 :Date of withdrawal: January 23, 2015 ;Supporters :Support from caucus members: :Support from former caucus members: :Other prominent supporters: Evelyne Abitbol (2014 candidate in Acadie) :Policies: In the wake of the PQ's election defeat he has been critical of the party's proposed Quebec Charter of Values. Has said he wants to reboot the PQ as inclusive and less focused on division, and open to anglophone and minority voters.

Declined to run

Jean-Martin Aussant Jean-Martin Aussant () is a Canadian economist, musician, and politician, now serving as Executive director of the Chantier de l' économie sociale. He represented Nicolet-Yamaska in the National Assembly of Quebec from 2008 to 2012, first as ...

, former MNA for Nicolet-Yamaska (2008–2012), Leader of

Option nationale Option Nationale (), registered as Option nationale – Pour l'indépendance du Québec (National Option – For the Independence of Quebec), was a centre-left Quebec nationalism, nationalist List of political parties in Quebec, political party in ...

(2011–2013). *

, former leader of the

(1997–2011) and MP for

Laurier—Sainte-Marie Laurier—Sainte-Marie () is a federal Electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons since the 1988 Canadian federal election ...

(1990–2011). Announced on May 13, 2014 that he will not be a candidate. * Sylvain Gaudreault, MNA for

Jonquière Jonquière (; ; Canada 2021 Census, 2021 population: 60,250) is a List of boroughs in Quebec, borough (arrondissement) of the city of Saguenay, Quebec, Saguenay in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on the Sag ...

(2007–present), Minister of Municipal Affairs and Transport (2012–2014). * Réjean Hébert, former MNA for Saint-François (2012–2014), Minister of Health (2012–2014). Announced on September 3, 2014, that he is finished with politics and is resuming his career as a physician. *

, MNA for

Joliette Joliette () is a city in southwest Quebec, Canada. It is approximately northeast of Montreal, on the L'Assomption River and is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of Joliette. It is considered to be a part of the North Shore of G ...

(2008–present), Minister of Social services and Youth protection (2012 - 2014). * Nicole Léger, MNA for

Pointe-aux-Trembles Pointe-aux-Trembles () was a municipality, founded in 1674, that was annexed by Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1982. This was the last city to be merged into Montreal until the 2002 municipal reorganization. On January 1, 2002 this neighbourhood ...

(1996–2006, 2008–present), Minister responsible for Family Services (1998–2001), Minister responsible for the War against Poverty (2001–2003), Minister of Families (2012–2014). * Nicolas Marceau, MNA for

Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher ('' philosophe''), writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects ...

(2009–present), Minister of Finance (2012–2014). Announced on 10 November that he will not be a candidate.

Slogans

*Pierre Céré: ''Un Québec Juste, Un Québec Libre'' *Alexandre Cloutier: ''Maintenant. Autrement.'' *Bernard Drainville: ''Votre Voix'' *Martine Ouellet: ''Oui, c'est vrai'' *Pierre-Karl Péladeau: ''Réussir''

Procedure

Timeline

Declared candidates

Alexandre Cloutier Alexandre Cloutier (born September 1, 1977) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Lac-Saint-Jean in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region from 2007 to 2018, representing the Parti Q ...

Martine Ouellet Martine Ouellet (; born April 8, 1969) is a Canadian politician who served as leader of the Bloc Québécois from 2017 to 2018. She was the Minister of Natural Resources in the Quebec government from 2012 to 2014. Ouellet was first elected to t ...

Pierre Karl Péladeau Pierre Karl Péladeau (; born 16 October 1961), also known by his initials PKP, is a Canadian businessman, billionaire and former politician. He was also the MNA ( Member of the National Assembly) for Saint-Jérôme. Péladeau is the president ...

Withdrawn candidates

Bernard Drainville Bernard Drainville (; born June 6, 1963) is a Canadian politician, television host and journalist. He was the Member of National Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Marie-Victorin in Longueuil from 2007 to 2016, representing the Parti Québ� ...

Jean-François Lisée Jean-François Lisée (; born February 13, 1958) is a Canadian politician who served as the leader of the Parti Québécois from October 2016 until October 2018. He was first elected a member of the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2012 Queb ...

Declined to run

Slogans

Results

Opinion polling

All Quebecers

Parti Québécois supporters only

References

See also