|
Palaeacanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala ("ancient thornheads") is a class within the phylum Acanthocephala. The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish, aquatic birds and mammals. This order is characterized by the presence of lateral longitudinal lacunar canals and a double-walled proboscis receptacle. The nuclei of the hypodermis (outer layer of skin) are fragmented and the males have two to seven cement glands, unlike their relatives the Archiacanthocephala, which always have eight. There are three orders in the class Palaeacanthocephala: * Echinorhynchida Southwell and Macfie, 1925 * Heteramorphida Amin and Ha, 2008 * Polymorphida Polymorphida are an order of thorny-headed worms (phylum Acanthocephala). The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish and aquatic birds. This order contains 5 families:Huston, D. C., Cribb, T. H., & Smales, L. R. (2020). Molec ... Petrochenko, 1956 References Acanthocephalans {{Acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthocephala
Acanthocephala (Greek , ', thorn + , ', head) is a phylum of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. About 1420 species have been described. The Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum. Recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from, and should be considered as, highly modified rotifers. This unified taxon is known as Syndermata. History The earliest recognisable description of Acanthocephala – a worm with a proboscis armed with hooks – was made by Italian author Francesco Redi (1684).Crompton 1985, p. 27 In 1771, Joseph Koelreuter proposed the name Acanthocephala. Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller independently called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteramorphida
''Pyrirhynchus'' is a genus of thorny-headed worms. It is the only genus in the order Heteramorphida and family Pyrirhynchidae. It contains a single species ''Pyrirhynchus heterospinus''.Amin, O. M., & Van Ha, N. (2008). On a new acanthocephalan family and a new order, from birds in Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology, 94(6), 1305-1311. It was found in the common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i .... The proboscis contains 17 to 20 rows of 17 to 19 hooks each, with anterior 9-11 hooks rooted and posterior 6-10 spines without roots. References Palaeacanthocephala Acanthocephala genera Monotypic animal genera {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinorhynchida
Echinorhynchida is an order of parasitic worms in the phylum Acanthocephala. It contains the following families: * Arhythmacanthidae Yamaguti, 1935 * Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932 * Diplosentidae Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1937 *Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876 * Fessisentidae Van Cleave, 1931 * Gymnorhadinorhynchidae Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi, 2014 * Heteracanthocephalidae Petrochenko, 1956 * Illiosentidae Golvan, 1960 * Isthmosacanthidae Smales, 2012 *Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939 *Rhadinorhynchidae Rhadinorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida. Species Rhadinorhynchidae has 4 subfamilies (Golvanacanthinae, Gorgorhynchinae, Rhadinorhynchinae, and Serrasentoidinae) and the following species: Golvanaca ... Lühe, 1912 * Sauracanthorhynchidae Bursey, Goldberg and Kraus, 2007 * Transvenidae Pichelin and Cribb, 2001 References Palaeacanthocephala {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymorphida
Polymorphida are an order of thorny-headed worms (phylum Acanthocephala). The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish and aquatic birds. This order contains 5 families:Huston, D. C., Cribb, T. H., & Smales, L. R. (2020). Molecular characterisation of acanthocephalans from Australian marine teleosts: proposal of a new family, synonymy of another and transfer of taxa between orders. Systematic Parasitology, 1-23. * Centrorhynchidae Van Cleave, 1916 * Isthomosacanthidae Smales, 2012 * Plagiorhynchidae Meyer, 1931 * Pyriprobosicidae *Polymorphidae The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as prese ... Meyer, 1931 References Palaeacanthocephala {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class ( la, classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'') was first introduced by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in his classification of plants that appeared in his ''Eléments de botanique'', 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about 8 phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships between phyla, which are contained in larger clades, like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguished them as a group ("a self-contain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhadinorhynchus
''Rhadinorhynchus'' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Rhadinorhynchidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Rhadinorhynchus africanus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus atheri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus bicircumspinus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus biformis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus cadenati'' *''Rhadinorhynchus camerounensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus capensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus carangis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus chongmingensis'' *''Rhadinorhynchus chongmingnensis'' *''Rhadinorhynchus circumspinus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus cololabis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus decapteri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus decapteri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus ditrematis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dollfusi'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dujardini'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus echeneisi'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus erumeii'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus ganapatii'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus gerberi'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus hiansi'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus japonicus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with around 99% of those being teleosts. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Bird")