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Beylik Of Hacıemir
Beylik of Hacıemir (also called ''Beylik of Bayram'') was a beylik (lordship) in the north Anatolia in a part of 14th and 15th centuries. The historical documents about the beylik are scarce. In some documents the beylik was named ''Bayramoğulları'' (Bayran's sons) and in others ''Hacıemiroğulları'' (Hacıemir's sons). Hacıemir was Bayram's son. In contemporary Greek documents, the name of the beylik was Chalybia (), after the ancient Chalybes people who lived in the area. Origin The beylik population was mostly Chepni people, a branch of Turkomans.Faruk Sümer, ''Oğuzlar: Türkmenler, Tarihleri, Boy Teşkilâtı, Destanları'', Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1992, p. 172./ref> In the 11th and 12th centuries, they were in Danishmend realm. After Seljuks of Anatolia conquered Danishmends some of them were settled in other parts of Anatolia. But some stayed in their former land. After the collapse of the Seljuks and the end of Mongol dominance, they founded a numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolian Beyliks
Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the latter half of the 13th century. One of the ''beyliks'', that of the ''Osmanoğlu'' of the Kayı branch of Oghuz Turks, from its capital in Bursa completed its incorporation of the other ''beyliks'' to form the Ottoman Empire by the late 15th century. The word ''beylik'' denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a ''bey'', equivalent to a duchy or principality in other parts of Europe. History Following the 1071 Seljuk victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert and the subsequent conquest of Anatolia, Oghuz Turkic clans began settling in present-day Turkey. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum's central powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maçka
Maçka (, the "club"; Laz language, Laz: მაჩხა ''Maçxa'') is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its area is 925 km2, and its population is 24,709 (2022). The name derives from the medieval Greek ''Matzouka'', which was one of the provinces of the Empire of Trebizond. In Ottoman times, the area formed the ''nahiye'' of ''Maçuka''. The Greek Orthodox Sumela Monastery is located in the district. Composition There are 67 mahalle, neighbourhoods in Maçka District: * Akarsu * Akmescit * Alaçam * Alataş * Altındere * Anayurt * Ardıçlıyayla * Armağan * Atasu * Bağışlı * Bahçekaya * Bakımlı * Bakırcılar * Barışlı * Başar * Çamlıdüz * Çatak * Çayırlar * Çeşmeler * Çıralı * Coşandere * Dikkaya * Erginköy * Esiroğlu * Fatih * Gayretli * Günay * Güney * Gürgenağaç * Güzelce * Güzelyayla * Hamsiköy * Hızarlı * Kapıköy * Kaynarca * Kırantaş * Kiremitli * Konak * Köprüyanı * Kozağaç * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States And Territories Disestablished In 1427
State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a state where the majority identify with a single nation (with shared culture or ethnic group) ** Constituent state, a political subdivision of a state ** Federated state, constituent states part of a federation *** U.S. state * State of nature, a concept within philosophy that describes the way humans acted before forming societies or civilizations State may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our State'', a monthly magazine published in North Carolina and formerly called ''The State'' * The State (Larry Niven), a fictional future government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ordu Province
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ankara
The Battle of Ankara or Angora () was fought on 28 July 1402, at the Çubuk plain near Ankara, between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the emir of the Timurid Empire, Timur. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to the Ottoman Interregnum. Background Timur, a Turco-Mongol from Transoxiana (now Uzbekistan), had built an empire in Central Asia over the years, and became the most powerful ruler in Central Asia since Genghis Khan. He sought to rebuild the once great Mongol Empire. In the 1380s and 1390s, he invaded and conquered parts of Persia (including Azerbaijan and Upper Mesopotamia), ravaged southern Russia and Ukraine (1395–96), and sacked Delhi (1398). Although there had been tensions between the Ottomans and Mongols, nothing would warrant a war, until Bayezid demanded tribute from an emir loyal to Timur, which he understood to be a personal affront and a reason for war. In 1400–01 Timur took Sivas from the Ottomans, parts of Syria from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Tacettin
Beylik of Tacettin (Tacettinoğulları, Tacettinids) was a small Turkmen principality in Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries. Tacettin After Seljuks of Anatolia were defeated by the Mongols in 1243, many small beylik (principalities) emerged in Anatolia. Tacettin of Canik founded his small beylik in and around Niksar, mid-north Anatolia in 1348. His small beylik was one of the small beyliks which were collectively known as Beyliks of Canik. In 1378 he married Eudokia of Trebizond, the daughter of the Alexios III of Trebizond, the emperor of Trebizond. In 1386 he fell in the battle during his campaign to Hacıemir controlled Ordu (ancient ''Cotyora''). Mahmut The next bey was Mahmut. During the early years of Mahmut's reign, the beylik was between two great powers: namely the Ottoman Empire to the southwest and Kadı Buhanettin to the south. Although Mahmut accepted Burhanettin's suzerainty he secretly encouraged Bayezit I of the Ottomans against Burhanettin. But the bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman Of Chalybia
Suleiman Beg () was the ruler of Chalybia in northeastern Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean .... References Bibliography * * {{cite journal , last1=Demir , first1=Necati , title=Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Çepni Türkmenleri ile Güvenç Abdal Ocağı'nın Kuruluşu , journal=Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırmaları Dergisi , date=2012 , issue=63 , pages=77–110 , url=https://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D01093/2012_63/2012_63_DEMIRN.pdf , issn=2147-9895 , language=tr Emirs of Chalybia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia (country), Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is Inflow (hydrology), supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. The Black Sea, not including the Sea of Azov, covers , has a maximum depth of , and a volume of . Most of its coasts ascend rapidly. These rises are the Pontic Mountains to the south, bar the southwest-facing peninsulas, the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and the Crimean Mountains to the mid-north. In the west, the coast is generally small floodplains below foothills such as the Strandzha; Cape Emine, a dwindling of the east end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordu
Ordu () or Altınordu is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the capital of Ordu Province. The city forms the urban part of the Altınordu, Ordu, Altınordu district, with a population of 235,096 in 2023. Name Kotyora, the original name of the city is a legacy of indigenous Colchis, Colchians. The name is allegedly composed of an old Laz language word for pottery ('Koto', similar to Mingrelian language, Mingrelian 'Koto', Georgian language, Georgian 'Kotani' and Laz 'Katana') and a common Kartvelian languages, Kartvelian suffix indicating belonging ('Uri'). In Zan languages, Zan (aka Colchian) Kotyora means a place where pottery is made. This point is supported with several other Kartvelian place names existing in the region as well as the region itself historically being known as Beyliks of Djanik, Djanik (Djani being another name for Laz). The city was also historically known as ''Cotyora'' or ''Kotyora'' (). The contemporary name of Ordu meaning 'army camp' in O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadı Burhaneddin
Kadi Ahmad Burhan al-Din (8 January 1345, Kayseri – 1398, Sivas) poet, scholar, and statesman. He was vizier to the Eretnid rulers of Anatolia. In 1381, he took over Eretnid lands and claimed the title of sultan for himself. He is most often referred to by the title Qadi, a name for Islamic judges, which was his first occupation. To maintain the independence of his principality, he fought against the Ottomans, Mamluks, Karamanids, and Aq Qoyunlu for 18 years. He composed poetry in a Turkic language close to modern Azerbaijani Turkic. In addition to his poems in Turkic, he also wrote in Persian and Arabic and conducted studies on Islamic law. His divan is regarded as the first divan written in the Turkic language. He is considered one of the founders of modern Azerbaijani and Turkish literature, playing a significant role in the development of poetry in the Azerbaijani Turkic language. On May 7, 2019, by Decision No. 211 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
