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Ariceștii Rahtivani
Ariceștii Rahtivani is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Ariceștii Rahtivani, Buda, Nedelea, Stoenești, and Târgșoru Nou. Geography The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, on the left bank of the Prahova River; the rivers Leaotul and Viișoara flow through Târgșoru Nou village. Ariceștii Rahtivani is located in the southwestern part of the county, west of the county seat, Ploiești. Transportation The commune is crossed by national road , which runs from Ploiești to Târgoviște and on to Găești. In Stoenești village, two county roads branch off: DJ144, which leads north to Florești, and DJ140, which leads southeast to Târgșoru Vechi (where it intersects with DN1A), Brazi, and Puchenii Mari (where it ends in DN1). The railway station in Buda village serves the Căile Ferate Române Main Line 300, which connects Bucharest to Brașov and continues to the Hungarian border near Oradea, while the stop in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of Romania
A commune (''comună'' in Romanian language, Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a Counties of Romania, county. Urban areas, such as towns and cities within a county, are given the status of ''Cities in Romania, city'' or ''Municipality in Romania, municipality''. In principle, a commune can contain any size population, but in practice, when a commune becomes relatively urbanised and exceeds approximately 10,000 residents, it is usually granted city status. Although cities are on the same administrative level as communes, their local governments are structured in a way that gives them more power. Some urban or semi-urban areas of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants have also been given city status. Each commune is administered by a mayor (''primar'' in Romanian). A commune is made up of one or more villages which do not themselves have an administrative function. Communes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Căile Ferate Române
Căile Ferate Române (; abbreviated as the CFR) was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. CFR as an entity existed from 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR was divided into four autonomous companies: * ''CFR Călători'', responsible for passenger services; * ''CFR Marfă'', responsible for freight transport; * ''Compania Națională de Căi Ferate CFR'', manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and * ''Societatea Feroviară de Turism'', or SFT, which manages Heritage railway, scenic and tourist railways. CFR was headquartered in Bucharest and had regional divisions centered in Bucharest, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Iași, and Timișoara. Its International Union of Railways code is 53-CFR. History Railways in the nineteenth century The first railway line on Romania's present-day territory w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitești Prison
Pitești Prison () was a penal facility in Pitești, Romania, best remembered for the reeducation experiment (also known as ''Experimentul Pitești'' – the "Pitești Experiment" or ''Fenomenul Pitești'' – the "Pitești Phenomenon") which was carried out between December 1949 and September 1951, during Communist party rule. The experiment, which was implemented by a group of prisoners under the guidance of the prison administration, was designed as an attempt to violently "reeducate" the mostly young political prisoners, who were primarily supporters of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as Zionist members of the Romanian Jewish community. The Romanian People's Republic adhered to a doctrine of state atheism and the inmates who were held at Pitești Prison included religious believers, such as Christian seminarians. According to writer , the experiment's goal was to re-educate prisoners to discard past religious convictions and ideology, and, eventually, to alter their personal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Nicolschi
Alexandru Nicolschi (born Boris Grünberg, his chosen surname was often rendered as Nikolski or Nicolski; , ; June 2, 1915 – April 16, 1992) was a Romanian communist activist, Soviet agent and officer, and Securitate chief under the Communist regime. Active until 1961, he was one of the most recognizable leaders of violent political repression. Biography Early life Born to a Jewish family in Tiraspol, on the eastern bank of the Dniester river (part of Imperial Russia at the time), he was the son of Alexandru Grünberg, a miller. In 1932, he joined the local section of the Romanian Union of Communist Youth, a wing of the Romanian Communist Party (PCdR); in 1933, due to his political activities, he was arrested and held for two weeks by the Romanian secret police, Siguranța Statului.Deletant, p. 19 Later in the 1930s, as associates of General Secretary Vitali Holostenco, he and Vasile Luca were elected to the internal Politburo (which was doubled by a controlling body inside th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Re-education In Communist Romania
Re-education in Romanian communist prisons was a series of processes initiated after the establishment of the communist regime at the end of World War II that targeted people who were considered hostile to the Romanian Communist Party, primarily members of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as other political prisoners, both from established prisons and from labor camps. The purpose of the process was the indoctrination of the hostile elements with the Marxist–Leninist ideology, that would lead to the crushing of any active or passive resistance movement. Reeducation was either non-violent – e.g., via communist propaganda – or violent, as it was done at the Pitești and Gherla prisons. Theoretical background Philosopher Mircea Stănescu claimed that the theoretical foundation for the communist version of the reeducation process was provided by the principles defined by Anton Semioniovici Makarenko, a Russian educator born in Ukraine in 1888. This claim was disputed by histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Man (utopian Concept)
The New Man is a utopian concept that involves the creation of a new ideal human being or citizen replacing un-ideal human beings or citizens. The meaning of a New Man has widely varied and various alternatives have been suggested by a variety of religions and political ideologies. Philosophical and religious versions Baháʼí New Race of Men Baháʼí literature states that training children in the world-embracing teachings of Baháʼu'lláh will cause a "truly new race of men" to emerge ("khalq-i-jadíd", also translated as a "new creation" by Shoghi Effendi or as "spiritual rebirth"). The Bab in a letter, after expounding the purpose of his message, declares triumphantly "Wherefore are all part of a New Creation (khalq-i-jadíd) for We, we indeed originated that ewcreation...We did indeed initiate a new, eschatological creation." Abdu'l Baha describes how "after the coming of the spiritual springtime, all phenomena become imbued with the life of a new creation and are r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brainwashing
Brainwashing is the controversial idea that the human mind can be altered or controlled against a person's will by manipulative psychological techniques. Brainwashing is said to reduce its subject's ability to think critically or independently, to allow the introduction of new, unwanted thoughts and ideas into their minds, as well as to change their attitudes, values, and beliefs. The term "brainwashing" was first used in English by Edward Hunter in 1950 to describe how the Chinese government appeared to make people cooperate with them during the Korean War. Research into the concept also looked at Nazi Germany and present-day North Korea, at some criminal cases in the United States, and at the actions of human traffickers. Scientific and legal debate followed, as well as media attention, about the possibility of brainwashing being a factor when lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was used, or in the induction of people into groups which are considered to be cults. Brainwashing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Republic Of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (, RSR) was a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist One-party state, one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (, RPR). The country was an Eastern Bloc state and a member of the Warsaw Pact with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in :Template:RomanianConstitutions, its constitutions. Geographically, RSR was bordered by the Black Sea to the east, the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian and Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia (via Socialist Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia) to the west, and People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria to the south. As World War II ended, Kingdom of Romania, Romania, a former Axis powers, Axis membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Land Forces
The Romanian Land Forces () is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Since 2007, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on . It participated in the Romanian War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria, Romania in World War I, World War I against the Central Powers (in which it won the decisive battles of Battle of Mărăști, Mărăști and Battle of Mărășești, Mărășești), and the Hungarian–Romanian War. During most of World War II (until 1944), Romanian forces supported the Axis powers, fighting against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front. From August 1944 until the end of the war, Romania fought against Germany under the control of the Soviet Union. When the Communism, communists seized power after the Second World War, the army underwent reorganisation and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Târgșor Prison
Târgșor Prison is a prison complex in Târgșoru Nou, a component village of Ariceștii Rahtivani commune, Prahova County, located in central Muntenia, Romania. History Early days The structure was built in 1857 by the monk Rovin, who named it the Crângul Teiului Monastery. After Rovin died in 1864, the other monks abandoned the monastery, which was taken over by the Romanian Army and turned into an arsenal on orders from ''domnitor'' Alexandru Ioan Cuza. In 1882, following the registration of a very large number of refusals to perform military service, the Minister of War, Ion C. Brătianu, asked King Carol I to establish a military prison at Crângul Teiului. Two new wings were constructed, bringing the total capacity to about 800–1,000 beds (without adequate ventilation, though). At times, the prison was also used to hold common law criminals when the nearby Ploiești Penitentiary would become overcrowded. Communist era On May 8, 1948, after the Communist system was est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transferoviar Călători
Transferoviar Călători (TFC), a subsidiary of Transferoviar Grup, is a private railway operator from Romania that has as its main activity the public passenger transportation that is assured on 7 non-interoperable lines as well as on interoperable (public administration) infrastructure. These routes are served with short to medium haul light rolling stock, diesel multiple units consisting of two or three carriages. Units can be coupled together to cope with rush hour services. The company was founded on 24 February 2010, being located at first in Bucharest and since 25 June 2012, its social headquarters has been moved to the city of Cluj-Napoca, although operational HQs still remain in the capital city. Routes * Mainline services (open access on Căile Ferate Române, CFR network) ** Bucharest North railway station, Bucharest North - Ploiești Sud - Buzău - Galați railway station, Galați ** Bucharest North - Târgoviște ** Cluj-Napoca railway station, Cluj-Napoca - Meseșe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oradea
Oradea (, , ; ; ) is a city in Romania, located in the Crișana region. It serves as the administrative county seat, seat of Bihor County and an economic, social, and cultural hub in northwestern Romania. The city lies between rolling hills on the Crișana plain, on both banks of the Crișul Repede river. The city lies about from the Hungarian border. Oradea is Romania's List of cities and towns in Romania, ninth most populous city (as of 2021 Romanian census, 2021). It covers between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain. Oradea is known for its high standard of living and is frequently ranked among Romania's most liveable cities. It is the region's major industrial and economic hub, and hosts several of the country's major industrial enterprises. The city is also renowned for its striking Art Nouveau architecture and is a member of the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route. Etymology The Romanian name ''Oradea'' originates from the cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
