Ottoman rule and transition from Iranian to Russian rule (1804–1914)

Capture of Erivan Fortress by Russia, 1827 (by Franz Roubaud)

Armenia between russian and ottoman empires

*1804: Russo-Persian War begins *1813 October 24:

Treaty of Gulistan The Treaty of Gulistan (russian: Гюлистанский договор; fa, عهدنامه گلستان) was a peace treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and Iran on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (now in the Goranboy Distri ...

, Karabakh becomes part of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

*1815: Lazaryan School opened in Moscow *1824 October 1:

Nersisyan School Nersisian School ( hy, Ներսիսեան դպրոց, ''Nersisian Dprots''; ka, ნერსისიანის სემინარია, ; russian: Нерсесяновское училище, translit=Nersisyanovskoye učilišče) was an A ...

opened in Tiflis *1825 December 14:

Decembrist revolt The Decembrist Revolt ( ru , Восстание декабристов, translit = Vosstaniye dekabristov , translation = Uprising of the Decembrists) took place in Russia on , during the interregnum following the sudden death of Emperor Al ...

in Saint Petersburg *1826: Russo-Persian War begins *1827 October 27: Russians capture Erivan *1828 February 21:

Treaty of Turkmenchay The Treaty of Turkmenchay ( fa, عهدنامه ترکمنچای; russian: Туркманчайский договор) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was second o ...

, most of

Eastern Armenia Eastern Armenia ( hy, Արևելյան Հայաստան ''Arevelyan Hayastan'') comprises the eastern part of the Armenian Highlands, the traditional homeland of the Armenian people. Between the 4th and the 20th centuries, Armenia was partitioned ...

becomes part of the

*1828–1829: Over 50,000 Armenians from Ottoman Empire and Iran migrate to Russian Armenia *1828 October 9:

Khachatur Abovian Khachatur Abovian ( hy, Խաչատուր Աբովյան, Khach’atur Abovyan; (disappeared)) was an Armenian writer and national public figure of the early 19th century who mysteriously vanished in 1848 and was eventually presumed dead. He was ...

and

Friedrich Parrot Johann Jacob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot (14 October 1791) was a Baltic German naturalist, explorer, and mountaineer, who lived and worked in Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. A pione ...

reach the summit of

Mount Ararat Mount Ararat or , ''Ararat''; or is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in the extreme east of Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and th ...

for the first time *1836: ''Polozhenie'' (Statute) decree allows Armenian language schools in the Russian Empire, regulates the Armenian church *1840:

Armenian Oblast The Armenian Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire that existed from 1828 to 1840. It corresponded to most of present-day central Armenia, the Iğdır Province of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türk ...

disintegrated *1848 April 14:

disappears *1850:

Erivan Governorate The Erivan Governorate was a province (''guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centеr in Erivan (present-day Yerevan). Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometеrs, roughly correspondin ...

established *1858: ''

Wounds of Armenia ''Wounds of Armenia'' ( hy, Վերք Հայաստանի ''Verk Hayastani'') is an 1841 historical novel by Khachatur Abovian. Written in the Araratian (Yerevan) dialect, ''Wounds of Armenia'' is considered Abovian's ''chef d'œuvre''. It is Abovi ...

'' published in Tiflis

Armenian national liberation movement The Armenian national movement ( hy, Հայ ազգային-ազատագրական շարժում ''Hay azgayin-azatagrakan sharzhum'') included social, cultural, but primarily political and military movements that reached their height during Worl ...

*1862 August 2: Zeytun uprising *1863:

Armenian National Constitution The Armenian National Constitution ( hy, Հայ ազգային սահմանադրութիւն ''Hay azkayin sahmanatroutioun''; french: Constitution nationale arménienne) or Regulation of the Armenian Nation ( ota, Nizâmnâme-i Millet-i Ermeniy ...

*1872: ''

Mshak ''Mshak'' ( hy, Մշակ meaning ''The Toiler'') was an Armenian language literary and political daily newspaper ( weekly when established) published from 1872–1920 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia). It was founded by Grigor Artsr ...

'' starts to be published in Tiflis *1874:

Gevorkian Theological Seminary Gevorkian Theological Seminary ( hy, Գևորգյան Հոգևոր Ճեմարան ''Gevorkyan Hogevor Č̣emaran''), also known as Gevorkian Seminary ( hy, Գևրգյան Ճեմարան ''Gevorkyan Č̣emaran'', ), is a theological university-ins ...

opened in Ejmiatsin *1878:

Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...

begins, Kars becomes part of Russia,

Kars Oblast The Kars Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, presently in Turkey. The ''oblast'' bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast ...

established *1878 March 3:

Treaty of San Stefano The 1878 Treaty of San Stefano (russian: Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, ; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, or ) was a treaty between the Russian and Ottoman empires at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-187 ...

*1878, June 13 – July 13:

Congress of Berlin The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a diplomatic conference to reorganise the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, which had been won by Russia against the Ottoman Empire. Represented at th ...

*1881 March 1:

Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Poland and Gra ...

assassinated by anarchists,

Alexander III of Russia Alexander III ( rus, Алекса́ндр III Алекса́ндрович, r=Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 18 ...

becomes emperor *1882: Armenian newspapers and schools closed in the Russian Empire *1885:

Armenakan Party The Armenakan Party (in Armenian Արմենական Կուսակցութիւն) was an Armenian political party established in Van, Ottoman Empire in 1885 by Mekertich Portukalian as an underground organization against the ruling system. It is ...

founded in Van *1887:

Social Democrat Hunchakian Party The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (SDHP) ( hy, Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն; ՍԴՀԿ, translit=Sots’ial Demokrat Hnch’akyan Kusakts’ut’yun), is the oldest continuously-operating Armenian ...

founded in Geneva, Switzerland *1888 April 25:

Raffi Raffi Cavoukian, ( hy, Րաֆֆի, born July 8, 1948), known professionally by the mononym Raffi, is a Canadian singer-lyricist and author of Armenian descent born in Egypt, best known for his children's music. He developed his career as a " ...

dies in Tiflis

Armed movement (1889–1907)

*1889 May: Bashkale clash *1890:

Armenian Revolutionary Federation The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ ( classical spelling), abbr. ARF or ARF-D) also known as Dashnaktsutyun (collectively referred to as Dashnaks for short), is an Armenian ...

founded in Tiflis *1890 September 27:

Gugunian Expedition The Gugunian Expedition ( hy, Կուկունեանի արշաւանքը) was an attempt by a small group of Armenian nationalists from the Russian Empire to launch an armed expedition across the border into the Ottoman Empire in 1890 in support of ...

*1892:

Mkrtich Khrimian Mkrtich Khrimian or ''Mıgırdıç Kırımyan'' ( classical hy, Մկրտիչ Խրիմեան, reformed: Մկրտիչ Խրիմյան; 4 April 182029 October 1907) was an Armenian Apostolic Church leader, educator, and publisher who served as Cat ...

becomes Catholicos of All Armenians *1894 October 20:

Nicholas II Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...

becomes Emperor of Russia *1894: First Sasun Resistance *1894–1896:

Hamidian massacres The Hamidian massacres also called the Armenian massacres, were massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s. Estimated casualties ranged from 100,000 to 300,000, Akçam, Taner (2006) '' A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide an ...

*1895 October: Zeitun Rebellion begins *1896 June 3–11: Defense of Van *1896 August 26:

Ottoman Bank Takeover The occupation of the Ottoman Bank ( tr, Osmanlı Bankası Baskını, "Raid on the Ottoman Bank"; hy, Պանք Օթօմանի գրաւումը, ''Bank Otomani k'ravumĕ'' "Ottoman Bank takeover") by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federat ...

*1897 July 25–27:

Khanasor Expedition The Khanasor Expedition ( hy, Խանասորի արշավանքը, ''Khanasori arshavankë'') was a punitive raid launched by Armenian fedayees against the Kurdish Mazrik tribe on July 25, 1897. In 1896, in the aftermath of the Defense of Van, th ...

*1901 November:

Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

*1903 June 12: depriving the Armenian Church of the right of administering its own property *1904:

Second Sasun Resistance The Sasun uprising or Sasun rebellion of 1904 ( hy, Սասունի երկրորդ ապստամբութիւնը, ''Sasuni yerkrord apstambut'yunĕ'', literally Second Sassoun resistance) was an uprising by Armenian militia against the Ottoman Emp ...

*1905 January 22:

Revolution of 1905 The Russian Revolution of 1905,. also known as the First Russian Revolution,. occurred on 22 January 1905, and was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. The mass unrest was directed again ...

starts in Russia *1905–1907:

Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907 The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian-Tartar war, the Armeno-Tartar war) refers to the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Caucasian Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis) throughout the Russian Caucasus i ...

*1905 July 21:

Yıldız assassination attempt A failed assassination attempted on Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) at Yıldız Mosque took place on 21 July 1905 in the Ottoman capital Istanbul. ''The Times'' described the incident as "one of the greatest ...

in Constantinople *1906 March:

1906 Russian legislative election Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March to 20 April 1906. At stake were the 497 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the legislative assembly. Election for the First State Duma, which only ran from 27 Apri ...

*1907 May: Battle of Sulukh with the Kurds,

Kevork Chavush Kevork Ghazarian ( hy, Գէորգ Ղազարեան; 1870 – 28 May 1907), commonly known as Kevork Chavush or Gevorg Chaush ( hy, Գէորգ Չաւուշ or Գևորգ Չաուշ), was an Armenian '' fedayee'' leader in the Ottoman Empire and a ...

killed. *1907 October 27: Mkrtich Khrimian dies

Second Constitution Era (1908–1914)

*1908 July 3:

Young Turk Revolution The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Ottoman Constit ...

began. *1908 July 24: Abdül Hamid II announced restoration of the constitution. *1909 March 31:

31 March Incident The 31 March Incident ( tr, 31 Mart Vakası, , , or ) was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era. Occurring soon after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, in which the Committee of Union and Pr ...

*1909 April: Adana massacre *1909 April 27:

Abdul Hamid II Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to ...

deposed from power *1911:

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. Born duri ...

becomes Catholicos of All Armenians *1912 January: Over 150 members of the Armenian elite arrested for "revolutionary" activities in Russia. *1914 February:

Armenian reform package The Armenian reforms, also known as the Yeniköy accord, was a reform plan devised by the European powers between 1912 and 1914 that envisaged the creation of two provinces in Ottoman Armenia placed under the supervision of two European inspector ...

World War I and Armenian genocide (1914–1918)

*1914 June 28:

Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip ( sr-Cyrl, Гаврило Принцип, ; 25 July 189428 April 1918) was a Bosnian Serb student who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. Prin ...

assassinated the Archduke

Franz Ferdinand of Austria Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I. Fr ...

in Sarajevo, Bosnia *1914 July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, start of the

Great War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

*1914 August 2: Germany attacks Belgium, declares war on Russia;

Armenian congress at Erzurum The Armenian congress at Erzurum (the 8th World Congress of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation), held from the end of July to August 2, 1914, was a watershed event where representatives of the ruling Committee of Union and Progress party requeste ...

*1914 November 1:

Bergmann Offensive The Bergmann Offensive ( tr, Bergmann Atağı; in Turkish literature tr, Köprüköy ve Azap Muharebeleri, "Battles of Köprüköy and Azap" russian: Берхманнский прорыв; in Russian literature russian: Кёприкейская ...

, the start of World War I in the Caucasus *1915 January 17: Russians capture Sarikamish *1915 January 18: Russians capture Ardahan *1915 March: Zeitun Resistance *1915 April 24: Hundreds of Armenian intellectuals

deported Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The term ''expulsion'' is often used as a synonym for deportation, though expulsion is more often used in the context of international law, while deportation ...

from Constantinople into central Anatolia. *1915 April–May:

Defense of Van (1915) The defense of Van ( hy , Վանի հերոսամարտ ''Vani herosamart'') was the armed resistance of the Armenian population of Van against the Ottoman Empire's attempts to massacre the Ottoman Armenian population of the Van Vilayet in t ...

*1915 May 27:

Tehcir Law The Temporary Law of Deportation, also known as the Tehcir Law (; from ''tehcir'', an Ottoman Turkish word meaning "deportation" or "forced displacement" as defined by the Turkish Language Institute), or, officially by the Republic of Turkey, th ...

. The mass deportation of Ottoman Empire's Armenian population begins. *1915 June:

Shabin-Karahisar uprising The Shabin-Karahisar uprising (June 2–30, 1915) was a resistance effort by the Armenian militia of the Hunchaks of the Giresun Province against Ottoman troops during the Armenian genocide. They had resisted the Ottoman onslaught for the durat ...

Musa Dagh Resistance Musa Dagh ( tr, Musa Dağı; hy, Մուսա լեռ, ; ar, جبل موسى ; meaning "Moses Mountain") is a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey. In 1915, it was the location of a successful Armenians, Armenian resistance to the Armenian g ...

*1915 July 26: Russians capture Manzikert *1915 September–October: Urfa Resistance *1916 February: Russians capture Erzurum *1916 April 15: Russians capture Trebizond *1916 July: Russians capture Erzincan *1916 August: Russians capture Bitlis *1917 February 23:

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and ad ...

begins, Russian forces start to retreat. *1917 November 7: Bolshevik rule established in Russia. *1917 December 5:

Armistice of Erzincan The Armistice of Erzincan (also spelled Erzindzhan or Erzinjan) was an agreement to suspend hostilities during World War I signed by the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat in Erzincan on 18 December 1917 (5 December O.S.).Tadeusz Swieto ...

between Bolshevik Russian and the Ottoman Empire. *1918 February: Turks recapture

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

*1918 March: Turks recapture

Van A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and bigger than a common car. There is some varying in the scope of the word across th ...

*1918 March 3:

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace, separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russian SFSR, Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of ...

Bolshevik Russia, Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire. *1918 April 25: Turks captures Kars *1918 May 26: Ottoman armies stopped at the

Battle of Sardarabad The Battle of Sardarabad ( hy, Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, translit=Sardarapati chakatamart; tr, Serdarabad Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad, Armenia, from 21 to ...

First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)

*1918 May 28: Republic of Armenia declared by the Armenian National Council in Tiflis. *1918 June 4:

Treaty of Batum The Treaty of Batum was signed in Batum on 4 June 1918, between the Ottoman Empire and the three Transcaucasian states: the First Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Democratic Republic of Georgia. It was the first ...

*1918 October 30:

Armistice of Mudros Concluded on 30 October 1918 and taking effect at noon the next day, the Armistice of Mudros ( tr, Mondros Mütarekesi) ended hostilities in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. It was signed by th ...

*1918 November 13: Allied

Occupation of Constantinople The occupation of Istanbul ( tr, İstanbul'un İşgali; 12 November 1918 – 4 October 1923), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, by United Kingdom, British, France, French, Italy, Italian, and Greece, Greek forces, took place in accordance with ...

begins. *1919 January; Republic of Armenia establishes ''de facto'' control over former

after the Ottomans retreat. *1919 January 29:

Aram Manukian Aram Manukian, reformed spelling: Արամ Մանուկյան, and he is also referred to as simply Aram. (19 March 187929 January 1919), was an Armenian revolutionary, statesman, and a leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ...

, the founder of the Republic of Armenia, dies in Yerevan. *1919 May 28: United Armenia proclaimed in Yerevan *1919 June 26:

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...

*1919 July 5: Turkish Courts-Martial sentenced

Talaat Pasha Mehmed Talaat (1 September 187415 March 1921), commonly known as Talaat Pasha or Talat Pasha,; tr, Talat Paşa, links=no was an Ottoman politician and convicted war criminal of the late Ottoman Empire who served as its leader from 1913 t ...

Enver Pasha İsmail Enver, better known as Enver Pasha ( ota, اسماعیل انور پاشا; tr, İsmail Enver Paşa; 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer, revolutionary, and convicted war criminal who formed one-third ...

Djemal Pasha Ahmed Djemal ( ota, احمد جمال پاشا, Ahmet Cemâl Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Cemal Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Djemal wa ...

Nazım Bey to death

*1920 May:

May uprising The May Uprising ( hy, Մայիսյան ապստամբություն, translit=Mayisyan apstambutyun) was a coup d'état attempt by the Armenian Bolsheviks that started in Alexandropol (modern-day Gyumri) on May 10, 1920. It was eventually suppr ...

*1920 August 10:

Treaty of Sèvres The Treaty of Sèvres (french: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well ...

*1920 September 29: Turks capture Sarikamish *1920 October 30: Turks capture Kars *1920 November 7: Turks capture Alexandropol *1920 November 22: US President

Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of ...

signs the arbitral award, establishing the border between Turkey and Armenia,

Western Armenia Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, ''Arevmdian Hayasdan'') is a term to refer to the eastern parts of Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that are part of the historical homeland of the Armenians. Weste ...

''de jure'' part of the Republic of Armenia. *1920 November 29: Soviet army invades Armenia, end of Armenian independence.

Soviet Armenia and the Armenian diaspora (1920–1991)

Interwar period (1920–1938)

*1920 December 2:

Treaty of Alexandropol The Treaty of Alexandropol ( hy, Ալեքսանդրապոլի պայմանագիր; tr, Gümrü Anlaşması) was a peace treaty between the First Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The treaty ended the Turkish-Armeni ...

*1921 February–April:

February Uprising The February Uprising ( classical hy, Փետրուարեան ապստամբութիւն, reformed: Փետրվարյան ապստամբություն, ''P'etrvaryan apstambut'yun'') was an anti-Bolshevik rebellion by the nationalist Armenian Re ...

*1921 Mach 15: One of the three main Armenian genocide organizers,

, killed by

Soghomon Tehlirian Soghomon Tehlirian ( hy, Սողոմոն Թեհլիրեան; April 2, 1896 – May 23, 1960) was an Armenian revolutionary and soldier who assassinated Talaat Pasha, the former Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, in Berlin on March 15, 1921. He ...

in Berlin *1921 March 16: Treaty of Moscow *1921 July 13:

Republic of Mountainous Armenia The Republic of Mountainous Armenia ( hy, Լեռնահայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն ''Leřnahayastani Hanrapetutyun''), also known as simply Mountainous Armenia ( ''Leřnahayastan''), was an anti-Bolshevik Armenian state roughly ...

falls *1921 October 13:

Treaty of Kars The Treaty of Kars ( tr, Kars Antlaşması, rus, Карсский договор, Karskii dogovor, ka, ყარსის ხელშეკრულება, hy, Կարսի պայմանագիր, az, Qars müqaviləsi) was a treaty that est ...

*1922 July 21: One of the three main Armenian genocide organizers,

, killed by Armenian nationalists in Tiflis *1922 September:

Great Fire of Smyrna The burning of Smyrna ( el, Καταστροφή της Σμύρνης, "Smyrna Catastrophe"; tr, 1922 İzmir Yangını, "1922 Izmir Fire"; hy, Զմիւռնիոյ Մեծ Հրդեհ, ''Zmyuṙno Mets Hrdeh'') destroyed much of the port city of ...

*1923 March 23:

Hovhannes Tumanyan Hovhannes Tumanyan ( hy, Հովհաննես Թումանյան, classical spelling: Յովհաննէս Թումանեան, – March 23, 1923) was an Armenian poet, writer, translator, and literary and public activist. He is the nationa ...

dies in Moscow *1923 July 7: The

Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its cap ...

established *1924 January 31:

1924 Soviet Constitution The 1924 Constitution of the Soviet Union was the constitution of the Soviet Union adopted on 31 January 1924. According to Archie Brown the constitution was never an accurate guide to political reality in the USSR. For example, the fact that th ...

*1927 August 31:

Andranik Ozanian Andranik Ozanian, commonly known as General Andranik or simply Andranik;. Also spelled Antranik or Antranig 25 February 186531 August 1927), was an Armenians, Armenian military commander and statesman, the best known ''Armenian fedayi, fedayi ...

dies in California *1930:

Holy See of Cilicia The Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia ( hy, Կաթողիկոսութիւն Հայոց Մեծի Տանն Կիլիկիոյ) is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church. Since 1930, the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilic ...

moved to Lebanon *1931 August 27:

1931 Zangezur earthquake The 1931 Zangezur earthquake occurred on April 27 at with a moment magnitude of 6.5. The earthquake was located in the Zangezur Mountains near the boundary between southwestern Armenia and Azerbaijan's exclave, the Nakhichivan Autonomous Republi ...

*1933 December 24: Archbishop

Leon Tourian Archbishop Leon Tourian (; 1 January 1879 – 24 December 1933) was a cleric of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Appointed primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America in 1931, he was assassinated in New York City by hi ...

assassinated by ARF members in New York *1935 October 22:

Komitas Vardapet Soghomon Soghomonian, ordained and commonly known as Komitas, ( hy, Կոմիտաս; 22 October 1935) was an Armenian priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer, and choirmaster, who is considered the founder of the Armenian national scho ...

dies in Paris *1936–1938: The Great Purge, see

Armenian victims of the Great Purge Armenian victims of the Great Purge included Armenian intellectuals, writers, artists, Bolshevik and later Soviet statesmen, military commanders, and religious figures. Orchestrated by Joseph Stalin, the Great Purge was a campaign of political repr ...

*1936 July 6: Armenia's Soviet leader

Aghasi Khanjian Aghasi Ghevondi Khanjian ( hy, Աղասի Ղևոնդի Խանջյան; russian: Агаси Гевондович Ханджян, ''Agasi Gevondovich Khandzhyan'') (January 30, 1901 – July 9, 1936) was First Secretary of the Communist Party ...

killed *1937:

Grigory Arutinov Grigory Artemievich Arutinov or Grigor Artemi Harutyunyan ( hy, Գրիգոր Արտեմի Հարությունյան (Հարությունով), russian: Григроий Артемьевич Арутинов; November 7, 1900 – November 9, 1957 ...

becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1953 *1937 November 27:

Yeghishe Charents Yeghishe Charents (; March 13, 1897 – November 27, 1937) was an Armenian poet, writer and public activist. Charents' literary subject matter ranged from his experiences in the First World War, socialist revolution, and frequently Armenia an ...

dies in Yerevan prison ArmenianStamps-066-069

World War II (1939–1945)

*1939 September 1: Germany invades Poland,

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

starts *1941 June 22: Germany invades the Soviet Union,

Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...

starts. An estimated 300 to 500,000

Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...

served in the war, almost half of whom did not return. *1941 August 23:

Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later re ...

begins *1945 April 30: Reichstag captured by the Soviet army, military defeat of the

Third Reich Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

*1945 May 9: Germany unconditionally surrenders

Cold War (1946–1987)

*1949 April 4:

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

established *1953 March 5:

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

dies *1953 September 14:

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,

De-Stalinization De-Stalinization (russian: десталинизация, translit=destalinizatsiya) comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the thaw brought about by ascension ...

begins *1955 May 14:

Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republic ...

established *1955 September 6–7: Istanbul pogrom *1955 December 21:

Garegin Nzhdeh Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan, better known by his ''nom de guerre'' Garegin Nzhdeh ( hy, Գարեգին Նժդեհ, ; 1 January 1886 – 21 December 1955), was an Armenian statesman, military commander and political thinker. As a member of the Arme ...

dies in Moscow *1956:

breaks away from the

Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin ( hy, Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին, translit=Mayr At’oř Surb Ēĵmiatsin), known in Armenian as simply the Mother See (Մայր Աթոռ, ''Mayr At’oř''), is the governing body of the Armen ...

*1957 October 17:

Avetik Isahakyan Avetik Sahak Isahakyan ( hy, Ավետիք Սահակ Իսահակյան; October 30, 1875 – October 17, 1957) was a prominent Armenian lyric poet, writer and public activist. Biography Isahakyan was born in Alexandropol in 1875. He was educ ...

dies in Yerevan *1958 September 2: Soviet MiG-17 pilots shot down a

US Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal ...

C-130 aircraft over Soviet Armenia with 17 crewman aboard, after the aircraft inadvertently penetrated denied airspace. It crashed near the village of Sasnashen, 34 miles northwest of Yerevan. Armenian Genocide Memorial - Yerevan (2903020364)

Armenian Genocide Memorial - Yerevan (2903020364)

*1964:

Leonid Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev; uk, links= no, Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв, . (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet Union, Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Gener ...

becomes leader of the Soviet Union, start of the

Stagnation era The "Era of Stagnation" (russian: Пери́од засто́я, Períod zastóya, or ) is a term coined by Mikhail Gorbachev in order to describe the negative way in which he viewed the economic, political, and social policies of the Soviet Un ...

*1965 April 24: Up to few hundred thousands of people demonstrate in Yerevan for the 50th anniversary of the

Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was ...

*1966 April 24: National United Party, a secret nationalist party, founded in Yerevan *1966:

Anton Kochinyan Anton Yervandi Kochinyan ( hy, Անտոն Երվանդի Քոչինյան; 25 October 1913 – 1 December 1990, Yerevan) was a Soviet Armenian politician. He was Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1952 to 1966, and the First Secretary ...

becomes the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1974 *1967 November 29:

Tsitsernakaberd The Armenian Genocide Memorial complex ( hy, Հայոց ցեղասպանության զոհերի հուշահամալիր, ''Hayots tseghaspanutyan zoheri hushahamalir'', or Ծիծեռնակաբերդ, '' Tsitsernakaberd'') is Armenia's official ...

, the official

memorial opened in Yereva

*1971 June 17: Paruyr Sevak dies in Yerevan. *1972 May 5:

Martiros Saryan Martiros Saryan ( hy, Մարտիրոս Սարյան; russian: Мартиро́с Сарья́н; – 5 May 1972) was a Soviet Armenian painter, the founder of a modern Armenian national school of painting. Biography He was born into an Armenia ...

dies in Yerevan. *1973 January 27:

Kourken Yanigian Gourgen Mkrtich Yanikian ( hy, Գուրգէն Մկրտիչ Եանիկեան, December 24, 1895 – February 27, 1984) was an Armenian genocide survivor. He is best known for the Assassination of Mehmet Baydar and Bahadır Demir, assassination of ...

assassinates Los Angeles Turkish consul general and vice-consul in

Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara ( es, Santa Bárbara, meaning "Saint Barbara") is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coas ...

. *1974:

Karen Demirchyan Karen Serobi Demirchyan ( hy, Կարեն Սերոբի Դեմիրճյան; 17 April 1932 – 27 October 1999) was a Soviet and Armenian politician. He served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia from 1974 to 1988. Soon after ...

becomes the First secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia until 1988. *1975:

Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) was a militant organization active between 1975 and the 1990s whose stated goal was "to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its responsibility for the Armenian genocide i ...

founded in Beirut, Lebanon. *1977 January 8: Moscow bombings, allegedly, by the National United Party. *1978 May 1:

Aram Khachaturian Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (; rus, Арам Ильич Хачатурян, , ɐˈram ɨˈlʲjitɕ xətɕɪtʊˈrʲan, Ru-Aram Ilyich Khachaturian.ogg; hy, Արամ Խաչատրյան, ''Aram Xačʿatryan''; 1 May 1978) was a Soviet and Armenian ...

dies in Moscow. ASALA logo

*1981 March 21: Arpa-Sevan tunnel put into use. *1981 May 18:

William Saroyan William Saroyan (; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian-American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film ''The ...

dies in Fresno, California *1981 September 24–25:

Turkish consulate attack in Paris The Turkish consulate attack (also known as Van Operation,Council of Europe, Documents, Vol. 1, May 1984, Report by Amadei, p. 9 hy, «Վան» գործողություն) was an attack on the Turkish consulate in Paris, France, on 24–25 Septem ...

by ASALA *1982 August 7: Esenboğa International Airport attack by ASALA *1982 November 10: Brezhnev dies *1982 November 12:

Yuri Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (– 9 February 1984) was the sixth paramount leader of the Soviet Union and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. After Leonid Brezhnev's 18-year rule, Andropov served in the po ...

becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union *1983 July 15:

1983 Orly Airport attack The Orly Airport attack was the 15 July 1983 bombing of a Turkish Airlines check-in counter at Orly Airport in Paris, by the Armenian militant organization ASALA as part of its campaign for the recognition of and reparations for the Armenian geno ...

by ASALA *1983 July 27: Turkish embassy attack in Lisbon by the

Armenian Revolutionary Army The Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA) (in Armenian Հայ Յեղափոխական Բանակ (ՀՅԲ) - pronounced Hay Heghabokhakan Banak) was an Armenian militant organization that attacked at least 7 times resulting in at least 6 fatalities and 8 ...

*1984 February 9: Andropov dies *1984 February 13:

Konstantin Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko uk, Костянтин Устинович Черненко, translit=Kostiantyn Ustynovych Chernenko (24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the seventh General Secretary of the Commun ...

becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union *1984 March 24:

Hovhannes Shiraz Hovhannes Shiraz ( hy, Հովհաննես Շիրազ) (April 27, 1914 – March 14, 1984) was an Armenian poet. Biography Shiraz was born Onik Tadevosi Karapetyan in the city of Alexandropol, then part of the Russian Empire (now Gyumri, Armen ...

dies in Yerevan *1984 May 3: Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial Bombing by Turkish nationalists *1985 March 10: Chernenko dies *1985 March 11:

Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...

becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, era of ''

perestroika ''Perestroika'' (; russian: links=no, перестройка, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated wit ...

'' and ''

glasnost ''Glasnost'' (; russian: link=no, гласность, ) has several general and specific meanings – a policy of maximum openness in the activities of state institutions and freedom of information, the inadmissibility of hushing up problems, ...

'' begin *1987 June 18:

European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adopts ...

recognizes the

, condemns the Turkish denial.

Karabakh conflict and independence of Armenia (1987–present)

*1987 September: the

Union for National Self-Determination Union for National Self-Determination ( hy, Ազգային ինքնորոշում միավորում; ''Azgayin ink’noroshum miavorum'') is an Armenian political party. It was founded in 1987 by Paruyr Hayrikyan, a Soviet dissident seeking inde ...

, the first non-Communist party, founded in Yerevan by

Paruyr Hayrikyan Paruyr Arshaviri Hayrikyan (born July 5, 1949) is an Armenian politician and former Soviet dissident. He was an early member and leader of the National United Party (NUP), which sought Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union. He spent a tot ...

. *1987 October 18: A minor rally on

Freedom Square, Yerevan __NOTOC__ The Freedom Square or Liberty Square ( hy, Ազատության հրապարակ, ), also known as Opera Square and Theatre Square (Թատերական հրապարակ, ''T'aterakan hraparak'') until 1991, is a town square located in Ke ...

for the unification of Karabakh with Armenia. *1988 February 12: First protests in

Stepanakert / az, Xankəndi, italic=no , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = File:StepanakertCollage.jpg , imagesize = 300px , image_caption = From top left: Holy Mother ...

. *1988 February 18–26: Major demonstrations held in

Yerevan Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Y ...

demanding the unification of Karabakh with Armenia. *1988 February 20: NKAO Supreme Council issued a request to transfer the region to Soviet Armenia. *1988 February 22–23: Local Armenians and Azerbaijanis clash in Askeran, resulting in several deaths. *1988 February 27–29: Sumgait pogrom starts, Armenians of Azerbaijani start to leave in large numbers *1988 March 9: Gorbachev meets with the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan

and

Kamran Baghirov Kamran Baghirov Mammad oglu ( az, Камран Бағиров Мәммәд оғлу, italic=no, Kamran Bağirov Məmməd oğlu; January 24, 1933 – October 25, 2000), was the 12th First Secretary of Azerbaijan Communist Party. Biography Fro ...

in Moscow to discuss the public demands of unification of Armenia and Karabakh. *1988 March 22: Over 100,000 people discontented with the tendencies demonstrate in Yerevan. *1988 March 23: The Soviet Supreme Soviet rejects the demand of NKAO Regional Party. On March 25 Gorbachev rejects Armenian claims, forbade demonstrations in Yerevan. *1988 March 26: Despite not being authorized by the Moscow government, tens of thousands demonstrate in Yerevan. *1988 March 30: NKAO Communist Party adopts a resolution demanding unification. *1988 May 21:

resigns. *1988 May 28:

Flag of Armenia The national flag, national flag of Armenia, the Armenian Tricolour, consists of three horizontal bands of equal width, red on the top, blue in the middle, and apricot (color), apricot on the bottom. The Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted the curren ...

first raised in front of

Matenadaran The Matenadaran ( hy, Մատենադարան), officially the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, is a museum, repository of manuscripts, and a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. It is the world's largest repository of Armenian ...

. *1988 June 15: Soviet Armenian Supreme Council votes in favor of the unification of NKAO. *1988 June 17: Soviet Azerbaijani Supreme Council opposes the transfer of NKAO to Armenia. *1988 June 28–29: Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union disapproves Armenian claims to NKAO. *1988 July 5: Soviet troops confronted by protesters in

Zvartnots Airport Zvartnots International Airport ( hy, Զվարթնոց միջազգային օդանավակայան, translit=Zvart'nots' mijazgayin ōdanavakayan) is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main ...

, one man left dead, tens injured. *1988 July 12: NKAO Soviet Council votes in favor of unification with Armenia. *1988 July 18: Soviet Supreme Council refuses Armenian claims. *1988 July 21:

deported to Ethiopia. *1988 fall: Around 150,000 Azerbaijanis of Armenia start to leave in large numbers. *1988 September: State of emergency declared in

Stepanakert / az, Xankəndi, italic=no , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = File:StepanakertCollage.jpg , imagesize = 300px , image_caption = From top left: Holy Mother ...

after Armenian and Azerbaijanis clash. *1988 November:

Kirovabad pogrom The Kirovabad pogrom or the pogrom of Kirovabad was an Azeri-led ethnic cleansing that targeted Armenians living in the city of Kirovabad (today called Ganja) in Soviet Azerbaijan during November 1988. Pogrom An unidentified Armenian press ed ...

*1988 November 22: Soviet Armenian Supreme Council recognizes the Armenian genocide. *1988 November 24: State of emergency declared in Yerevan. *1988 December 7:

Spitak earthquake The 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake ( hy, Սպիտակի երկրաշարժ, ), occurred on December 7 at with a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X (''Devastating''). The shock occurre ...

. *1988 December 10:

Karabakh Committee Karabakh Committee ( hy, Ղարաբաղ կոմիտե) was a group of Armenian intellectuals recognized by many Armenians as the ''de facto'' leaders in the late 1980s. The Committee was formed in 1988, with the stated objective of reunification of ...

members arrested, sent to Moscow. *1989 March 16:

Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant The Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP) (), also known as the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, (Armenian: Մեծամորի ատոմային էլեկտրակայան) is the only nuclear power plant in the South Caucasus, located 36 kilometers west o ...

shut down. *1989 May 31:

members freed. *1989 December 1: Soviet Armenian Supreme Council and NKAO Supreme Council declare the unification of the two entitie

*1990 January 13–19:

Pogrom of Armenians in Baku The Baku pogrom ( hy, Բաքվի ջարդեր, ) was a pogrom directed against the ethnic Armenian inhabitants of Baku, Azerbaijan SSR. From January 12, 1990, a seven-day pogrom broke out against the Armenian civilian population in Baku during ...

. *1990 May 20: 1990 Armenian parliamentary election, pro-independence members form majority. *1990 August 4:

Levon Ter-Petrosyan Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan ( hy, Լևոն Հակոբի Տեր-Պետրոսյան; born 9 January 1945), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998 ...

elected chairman of the Supreme Council, ''de facto'' leader of Armenia. *1990 August 23: Soviet Armenian Supreme Council declares sovereignty. *1991 April 30 – May 15: Soviet and Azeri forces deport thousands of Armenian from Shahumyan during

Operation Ring Operation Ring (russian: link=no, Операция «Кольцо», translit=Operatsia Kol'tso; hy, «Օղակ» գործողություն, ), known in Azerbaijan as Operation Chaykand ( az, Çaykənd əməliyyatı) was the codename for th ...

. *1991 August 19–21:

1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup,, "August Putsch". was a failed attempt by hardliners of the Soviet Union's Communist Party to forcibly seize control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet ...

in Moscow *1991 September 2:

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a list of states with limited recognition, breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan ...

proclaimed in Stepanakert. *1991 September 21: Armenians vote in favor of independence from the Soviet Union. *1991 September 23: Armenian Supreme Council proclaims independence

Levon Ter-Petrosyan presidency (1991–1998)

*1991 October 17:

elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a populatio ...

first president of Armenia. *1991 December 10: Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum *1991 December 26: Soviet Union officially dissolved *1992 January 6:

Nagorno Karabakh Republic Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Artsakh controls a part of the former N ...

parliament declared independence. *1992 January 30: Armenia admitted into the

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, prom ...

(OSCE). *1992 February 18: Armenia joins the

Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. ...

as a founding member. *1992 February 25–26: ''

First Nagorno-Karabakh War The First Nagorno-Karabakh War, referred to in Armenia as the Artsakh Liberation War ( hy, Արցախյան ազատամարտ, Artsakhyan azatamart) was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in th ...

'': Khojaly Massacre *1992 March 2: Armenia becomes a member of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

and the UN's

Eastern European Group The Group of Eastern European States (EEG) is one of the five United Nations regional groups and is composed of 23 Member States from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. The Group, as with all the regional groups, is a non-binding dialogue ...

. *1992 April 10: ''

'': Maraga Massacre *1992 May 8–9: ''

'': Armenian forces capture Shusha. *1992 May 18: ''

'': Armenian forces take over

Lachin Lachin ( az, Laçın, , ; hy, Բերձոր, translit=Berdzor; ku, Laçîn) is a town in Azerbaijan and the administrative center of the Lachin District. It is located within the strategic Lachin corridor, which links the disputed region of Nag ...

*1992 May 28: Armenia becomes a member of the

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...

*1992 June 4: Armenia joins the

Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation The Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is a regional international organization focusing on multilateral political and economic initiatives aimed at fostering cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity in the Black Sea ...

as a founding member. *1992 June 13–14: ''

'': Azerbaijani forces take over Shahumyan. *1992 September 16: Armenia becomes a full member of the

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...

. *1993 April 3: ''

'': Armenian forces take over Kelbajar. *1993 April: Turkey closes the border with Armenia. *1993 June–August: ''

'': Armenian forces take over Aghdam, Fizuli, Jebrayil, Zangelan. *1993 November 22:

Armenian dram The dram ( hy, դրամ; sign: ֏; abbreviation: դր.; ISO code: AMD) is the currency of Armenia, and is also used in the neighboring unrecognized Republic of Artsakh. It was historically subdivided into 100 luma (). The Central Bank of Armen ...

put into circulation. *1994 March 17: Iranian Air Force C-130 shot down by Armenian forces in Karabakh "by mistake". *1994 May 5: ''

'':

Bishkek Protocol The Bishkek Protocol is a provisional ceasefire agreement, signed by the representatives of Armenia (Parliament Speaker Babken Ararktsian), the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Parliament Speaker Karen Baburyan), Azerbaijan (First Deputy ...

ends the war with Armenian forces establishing ''de facto'' control over Nagorno-Karabakh and several adjacent Azerbaijani districts. *1994 September 4: 1994 Bagratashen bombing: 14 dead and 46 injured *1994 October 5: Armenia joins

Partnership for Peace The Partnership for Peace (PfP; french: Partenariat pour la paix) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust between the member states of NATO and other states mostly in Europe, including post-Soviet states; ...

. *1994 December 28: Main opposition party

banned by President Ter-Petrosyan and leaders arrested until February 1998 *1995 April:

Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute The Armenian Genocide Memorial complex ( hy, Հայոց ցեղասպանության զոհերի հուշահամալիր, ''Hayots tseghaspanutyan zoheri hushahamalir'', or Ծիծեռնակաբերդ, '' Tsitsernakaberd'') is Armenia's official ...

opened in Yerevan *1995 July 5:

1995 Armenian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 5 July 1995, with a second round on 29 July. There were 150 constituency seats and 40 elected on a national basis using proportional representation. The result was a victory for the Republic Bloc (a ...

and

1995 Armenian constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Armenia on 5 July 1995. The changes to the constitution were approved by 70.3% of voters, with a turnout of 55.6%.Nohlen et al., p332 Results References {{Armenian elections 1995 referendums 1995 in ...

. Denounced by opposition and international observers. *1995 November 5:

reopened *1996 September 15 – October 2:

32nd Chess Olympiad The 32nd Chess Olympiad ( hy, 32-րդ Շախմատային օլիմպիադա, ''32-rd Shakhmatayin olimpiadan''), organized by FIDE and comprising an openAlthough commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male ...

held in Yerevan *1996 September 22: Levon Ter-Petrosyan reelected president, opposition disputes results, international organizations denounce the process. *1996 September 23–26: Post-election protests led by

Vazgen Manukyan Vazgen Mikayeli Manukyan (Armenian: , born 13 February 1946) is an Armenian politician who served as the first Prime Minister of Armenia from 1990 to 1991. From 1992 to 1993, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Manukyan was acting Defence Min ...

, during which the protesters occupy the National Assembly building. *1997: Armenia becomes a member of the

Black Sea Trade and Development Bank The Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB) is an international financial institution serving the eleven member founding countries of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, a regional economic organization. It supports economic development an ...

*1997 March 20:

Robert Kocharyan Robert Sedraki Kocharyan ( hy, Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան ; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh from ...

becomes Prime Minister of Armenia *1997 May: Armenia joins the

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a post–Cold War, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) institution. The EAPC is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and Central Asi ...

*1998 February 3: Levon Ter-Petrosyan resigns

Robert Kocharyan presidency (1998–2008)

*1998 March 16, 30: Robert Kocharyan elected president, opposition rejects the results. *1998 August 17:

1998 Russian financial crisis The Russian financial crisis (also called the ruble crisis or the Russian flu) began in Russia on 17 August 1998. It resulted in the Russian government and the Russian Central Bank devaluing the ruble and defaulting on its debt. The crisis had s ...

*1999 May 30: Unity bloc wins plurality to Armenian parliament.

Vazgen Sargsyan Vazgen Zaveni Sargsyan ( hy, Վազգեն Զավենի Սարգսյան, ; 5 March 1959 – 27 October 1999) was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was the first Defence Minister of Armenia from 1991 to 1992 and then from 1 ...

becomes Prime Minister,

elected National Assembly Speaker on June 11. *1999 July 1: The EU-Armenia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement enters into force. *1999 August 28 – September 5: First

Pan-Armenian Games The Pan-Armenian Games ( hy, Համահայկական խաղեր) are a multi-sport event, held between competitors from the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. They consist of various competitions in individual and team sports among the Armenian athle ...

held in Yerevan. *1999 September 21: Military parade held in Yerevan. *1999 September 22–23: First Armenia-Diaspora Conference held in Yerevan. *1999 October 27:

Armenian parliament shooting The 1999 Armenian parliament shooting, commonly known in Armenia as October 27 (Հոկտեմբերի 27, ''Hoktemberi k’sanyot’''), was a terrorist attack on the Armenian National Assembly in the capital of Yerevan on 27 October 1999 by a gr ...

, Prime Minister

, National Assembly Speaker

and six other assassinated by an armed group led by Nairi Hunanyan in the Armenian parliament building in Yerevan. *2000 March 22: Former NKR Defence Minister General

Samvel Babayan Samvel Andraniki Babayan ( hy, Սամվել Անդրանիկի Բաբայան; born 5 March 1965) is an Armenian military commander and politician from Nagorno-Karabakh. He was one of the founders and main commanders of the Artsakh Defence Army ...

leads an unsuccessful assassination attempt against president

Arkadi Ghukasyan Arkadi Arshaviri Ghukasyan ( hy, Արկադի Արշավիրի Ղուկասյան, born 22 June 1957) was the second President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He was elected as the President on 8 September 1997 and re-elected i ...

in Stepanakert. *2000 April 4: Former Interior Minister

Vano Siradeghyan Vano Smbati Siradeghyan ( hy, Վանո Սմբատի Սիրադեղյան; November 13, 1946 – October 15, 2021) was an Armenian politician and writer. He held several high-ranked positions in the 1990s. He served as Minister of Internal Affai ...

leaves Armenia while police investigates charges on him for murder. *2001 January 25: Armenia becomes a member of the

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

. *2001 September 25:

Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...

visits Armenia to participate on the celebrations of 1,700th anniversary of the adoption of Christianity as a national religion in Armenia. *2001 September 25: Poghos Poghosyan, a Georgian citizen of Armenian origin, killed in central Yerevan by President Kocharyan's bodyguards. *2002 May 27–28: Second Armenia-Diaspora Conference held in Yerevan. *2003 February 5: Armenia became a member of the

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and e ...

(WTO) *2003 February 19, March 5: Robert Kocharyan reelected president, opposition disputes results *2003 May 25:

Parliamentary election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

Republican Party of Armenia The Republican Party of Armenia (RPA, hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետական Կուսակցություն, ՀՀԿ; ''Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun'', ''HHK'') is a national-conservative political party in Armenia led by the thir ...

wins plurality, opposition disputes results. *2003 December 2: Nairi Hunanyan and four others perpetrators of the 1999 parliament shooting sentenced to life imprisonment. *2004: Armenia is granted Observer Status in the

Arab League The Arab League ( ar, الجامعة العربية, ' ), formally the League of Arab States ( ar, جامعة الدول العربية, '), is a regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, E ...

. *2004 February 19:

Gurgen Margaryan On 19 February 2004, Gurgen Margaryan ( hy, Գուրգեն Մարգարյան; 26 September 1978 – 19 February 2004), a lieutenant in the Armenian army, was murdered in Budapest, Hungary, by Ramil Safarov, a lieutenant in the Azerbaijani army. ...

assassinated by

Ramil Safarov Ramil Sahib oghlu Safarov ( az, Ramil Sahib oğlu Səfərov, , born August 25, 1977) is an officer of the Azerbaijani Army who was convicted of the 2004 murder of Armenian Army Lieutenant Gurgen Margaryan. During a NATO-sponsored training semi ...

in Budapest, Hungary. *2004 April 12–13: Tens of thousands of protesters, demanding resignation of President Kocharyan, clash with police on

Baghramyan Avenue Marshal Baghramyan Avenue ( hy, Մարշալ Բաղրամյան Պողոտա) is an avenue in the central Kentron and the northwestern Arabkir districts of Yerevan, Armenia. The avenue is named after the Soviet Armenian commander and Marshal of ...

, many left injured. *2004 April 26: Vorotan-Sevan tunnel inaugurated. *2005: Armenia becomes a member of the

Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The bank also maintains 31 field office ...

. *2005 May 28: Around 250,000 participate in the Dance of Unity around

Mount Aragats Mount Aragats ( hy, Արագած, ) is an isolated four-peaked volcano massif in Armenia. Its northern summit, at above sea level, is the highest point of the Lesser Caucasus and Armenia. It is also one of the highest points in the Armenian ...

, in a mass display of national unity. *2005 November 27: Constitutional referendum in Armenia approved by 94.5%. *2006: Armenia joins

Eurocontrol The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, commonly known as Eurocontrol (stylised ''EUROCONTROL''), is an international organisation working to achieve safe and seamless air traffic management across Europe. Founded in 1960, Eur ...

. *2006 May 3:

Armavia Flight 967 Armavia Flight 967 (U8 967/RNV 967) was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Armavia from Zvartnots International Airport, Zvarnots in Armenia to Sochi, a Black Sea coastal resort city in Russia. On 3 May 2006, the aircraft ope ...

crashed near Sochi, Russia with 113 fatalities. *2006 August 25: Writer and activist

Silva Kaputikyan Silva Kaputikyan ( hy, ) (20 January 1919 – 25 August 2006) was an Armenian poet and political activist. One of the best-known Armenian writers of the twentieth century, she is recognized as "the leading poetess of Armenia" and "the grand lad ...

dies in Yerevan. *2006 September 18–20: Third Armenia-Diaspora Conference held in Yerevan. *2006 September 21: Military parade held in Yerevan. *2007 January 19:

Hrant Dink Hrant Dink ( hy, Հրանդ Տինք; Western ; 15 September 1954 – 19 January 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian intellectual, editor-in-chief of ''Agos'', journalist and columnist. As editor-in-chief of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian newspa ...

assassinated in Istanbul. *2007 March 19: Iran–Armenia gas pipeline officially opened by Presidents

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ( fa, محمود احمدی‌نژاد, Mahmūd Ahmadīnežād ), born Mahmoud Sabbaghian ( fa, محمود صباغیان, Mahmoud Sabbāghyān, 28 October 1956),

and

. *2007 March 25: Prime Minister

Andranik Margaryan Andranik Nahapeti Margaryan ( hy, Անդրանիկ Նահապետի Մարգարյան; 12 June 1951 – 25 March 2007) served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 12 May 2000, when the President appointed him, until his death on 25 March 20 ...

dies of a heart attack. *2007 May 12:

wins plurality, opposition denounces results. *2007 June 27: The Russian military base in

Akhalkalaki Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქი, tr; hy, Ախալքալաք / Նոր-Քաղաք, translit=Axalk’alak’ / Nor-K’aġak’) is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Ak ...

officially transferred to Georgia. *2007 September 21:

returns into politics, criticizes the Kocharyan regime. *2007 October 10:

United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the U.S. House of Representatives with jurisdiction over bills and investigations concerning the foreign affairs o ...

voted for recognition of the Armenian genocide. Turkey recalls its ambassador.

Serzh Sargsyan presidency (2008–2018)

*2008: Armenia becomes a Dialogue Partner of the

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian politics, political, economy, economic and security organization. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of geography, geographic scope and world population, population, c ...

. *2008 February 19: Serzh Sargsyan elected president with 52.8% of the total vote, opposition disputes results. *2008 February 20 – March 2: Presidential election runner-up Levon Ter-Petrosyan leads a series of protests in Yerevan. Post-election protests end with 10 deaths (8 civilian, 2 law enforcing agents). President Kocharyan announces, National Assembly approves state of emergency in Yerevan. Army forces remain in the city until March 21, 2008. *2008 August 1:

Armenian National Congress The Armenian National Congress ( hy, italic=yes, Հայ Ազգային Կոնգրես, translit=Hay Azgayin Kongres) is an Armenian political party led by former president Levon Ter-Petrosyan and formed in 2008. Its direct predecessor was the Pa ...

, a coalition of 18 opposition parties, led by

founded. *2008 August 7–16:

Russia–Georgia war The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia. was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of Sou ...

*2008 September 6:

Abdullah Gül Abdullah Gül (; ; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as both ...

visits Yerevan to watch the game between Armenia and Turkey national football teams. *2009:

Economy of Armenia The Armenian economy contracted sharply in 2020, by 5.7%, mainly due to the 2020 Armenia-Azerbaijan war. In contrast it grew by 7.6 per cent in 2019, the largest recorded growth since 2007, while between 2012 and 2018 GDP grew 40.7%, and key ba ...

declines 15% as a results of the global

Financial crisis of 2007–08 Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of fina ...

. *2009: Armenia joins the

Eurasian Development Bank The Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) is an international financial institution investing in the development of the economies, trade and other economic ties, and integration in Eurasian countries. The EDB was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in ...

. *2009 May 7: Armenia becomes a member of the EU's

Eastern Partnership The Eastern Partnership (EaP) is a joint initiative of the European External Action Service of the European Union (EU) together with the EU, its member states, and six Eastern European partners governing the EU's relationship with the post-Sovi ...

. *2009 May 31: Republican Party wins majority in the first Yerevan City Council election, opposition disputes results. *2009 July 15:

Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 was a scheduled commercial flight from Tehran, Iran, to Yerevan, Armenia, that crashed near the village of Jannatabad, Qazvin, Jannatabad, outside the city of Qazvin in north-western Iran, on 15 July 2009. All 153 pa ...

crashed near Qazvin, Iran with 168 fatalities, including 40 Armenian citizens. *2009 October 9:

marches 60,000 people in Yerevan against the Turkish-Armenian protocols. *2009 October 10: Armenia and Turkey sign accords for normalization of relations in Zürich, Switzerland. *2010 March 4:

voted for recognition of the Armenian genocide. *2010 April 22: President Serzh Sargsyan suspends the Armenian-Turkish protocols from the National Assembly. *2010 June 9:

Areni-1 shoe The Areni-1 shoe is a 5,500-year-old leather shoe that was found in 2008 in excellent condition in the Areni-1 cave located in the Vayots Dzor province of Armenia. It is a one-piece leather-hide shoe, the oldest piece of leather footwear in the w ...

, found in 2008, confirmed to be the oldest piece of leather footwear in the world. *2010 August 20: Armenia and Russia sign a pact extending the stationing of the Russian base in Gyumri for 25 years, to 2044. *2010 September 11: Armenian company Grand Candy makes the biggest chocolate bar in the world. *2010 September 19: Liturgy held at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on

Akdamar Island Akdamar Island ( tr, Akdamar Adası, ku, Girava Axtamarê), also known as Aghtamar ( hy, Աղթամար, translit=Aġt’amar) or Akhtamar ( hy, Ախթամար, translit=Axt’amar), is the second largest of the four islands in Lake Van, in east ...

, Lake Van, Turkey for the first time since 1915. *2010 October 16:

Wings of Tatev Wings of Tatev ( hy, Տաթևի թևեր ''Tatevi tever'') is a cableway between Halidzor and the Tatev monastery in Armenia. It is the longest reversible aerial tramway built in only one section, and holds the record for ''Longest non-stop ...

, the longest reversible aerial tramway in the world, opened in southern Armenia. *2011: Armenia joins the

Euronest Parliamentary Assembly The Euronest Parliamentary Assembly is the inter-parliamentary forum in which members of the European Parliament and the national parliaments of Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia participate and forge closer political and economic ...

. *2011 January 10:

Areni-1 winery The Areni-1 winery is an ancient winery that was discovered in 2007 in the Areni-1 cave complex in the village of Areni in the Vayots Dzor province of Armenia by a team of Armenian and Irish archaeologists. The excavations were carried out by B ...

, discovered in Armenia's

Vayots Dzor Vayots Dzor ( hy, Վայոց Ձոր, ) is a province (''marz'') of Armenia. It lies at the southeastern end of the country, bordering the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan to the west and the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan to the east. It cover ...

province in 2007, confirmed to be the oldest winery in the world. *2011 March 17: For the first time since March 2008, the opposition holds a rally at Freedom Square. *2011 September 21: Military parade held in Yerevan on the 20th anniversary of Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union. *2011 October: Armenia becomes an Observer Member of the EU's

Energy Community The Energy Community, commonly referred to as the Energy Community of South East Europe (ECSEE), is an international organization consisting of the European Union (EU) and a number of non-EU countries. It aims to extend the EU internal energy ...

. *2011 December 3:

Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011 The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011 was the ninth edition of the annual Junior Eurovision Song Contest, and took place in Yerevan, Armenia at the Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concerts Complex. It was the first time in history of the Junior Euro ...

held in Yerevan. *2011 December 21: French National Assembly approves the Armenian genocide denial law. Turkey recalls their ambassadors from France, lists several trade, military and political sanctions on France. *2012: Yerevan the

World Book Capital The World Book Capital (WBC) is an initiative of UNESCO which recognises cities for promoting books and fostering reading for a year starting on April 23rd, World Book and Copyright Day. Cities designated as UNESCO World Book Capital carry out act ...

. *2012 January 22: French Senate approves the Armenian genocide denial law. *2012 February 28:

Constitutional Council of France The Constitutional Council (french: Conseil constitutionnel; ) is the highest constitutional authority in France. It was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules ...

overturns the Armenian genocide denial law. *2012 May 6: Republican Party wins majority to the Armenian parliament, opposition disputes results. *2012 August 31:

extradited to Azerbaijan, Armenia cuts diplomatic relations with

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

. *2013 February 18: Serzh Sargsyan reelected president, opposition disputes results. *2013 February 19 – April 9: Mass protests against the presidential election results, led by official runner-up

Raffi Hovannisian Raffi K. Richardi Hovannisian ( hy, Րաֆֆի Կ. Ռիչարդի Հովհաննիսյան; hyw, Րաֆֆի Կ. Ռիչարդի Յովհաննէսեան; born 20 November 1959) is an Armenian politician, the first Foreign Minister of Armenia and t ...

. The demonstrations reached their climax and effectively ended on April 9 when a clash between the police and opposition protesters took place on Yerevan's

. *2013 May 6: Republican Party wins absolute majority to the Yerevan city council, opposition disputes results. *2013 July 20–25: Mass protests in Yerevan result in cancellation of transportation fare increase. *2013 September 3: President Serzh Sargsyan announced in Moscow that Armenia will join the

Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia The Eurasian Customs Union (EACU; russian: Таможенный союз ЕАЭС, Tamozhenyi soyuz) was a customs union consisting of all the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The customs union was a principal task of the Eurasian E ...

despite the fact that Armenia was expected to sign a

European Union Association Agreement A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by su ...

and a

Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas (DCFTA) are three free trade areas established between the European Union, and Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine respectively. The DCFTAs are part of each country's EU Association Agreement. They allow Geor ...

Agreement with the EU at the

Summit in November. Experts describe this move as an unexpected U-turn, citing apparent pressure from Russia. *2014 April 3–13: Prime Minister

Tigran Sargsyan Tigran Sureni Sargsyan ( hy, Տիգրան Սուրենի Սարգսյան, born 29 January 1960) is an Armenian political figure who was Prime Minister of Armenia from 2008 to 2014. Previously he was Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia from 1 ...

resigned and replaced by

Hovik Abrahamyan Hovik Argami Abrahamyan (; born 24 January 1959), also known by the nickname Muk ( hy, Մուկ), is an Armenian politician, former member of the ruling Republican Party, he was the Prime Minister of Armenia from 13 April 2014 to 8 September 20 ...

. *2014 October 10: President Serzh Sargsyan signed a corresponding accession treaty in Minsk with the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan to

Eurasian Economic Union The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU or EEU)EAEU is the acronym used on thorganisation's website However, many media outlets use the acronym EEU. is an economic union of some post-Soviet states located in Eurasia. The Treaty on the Eurasian Econo ...

. *2014 December 4: The

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repre ...

ratifies the Eurasian Economic Union treaty with 103 in favor, 7 against, and 1 abstention. *2015 January 1: Armenia officially joins the

. *2015 January 12: Seven people are killed in

Gyumri Gyumri ( hy, Գյումրի, ) is an urban municipal community and the second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city w ...

. The suspect, Valery Permyakov, a serviceman of the Russian military base in Gyumri is apprehended by the Russian border guards and is transferred to the base, triggering anti-government and anti-Russian rallies in Gyumri and Yerevan. *2015 March: Armenia hosts the 4th

. *2015 April 24: 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide was commemorated worldwide. *2015 December 6: A

constitutional referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

*2016 April 1–5:

2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes The 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, also known as the Four-Day War,, IPA: ʰɑroɾjɑ pɑtɛɾɑzm az, Dördgünlük müharibə April War,; or April clashes, began along the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact on 1 April 2016 with the Artsakh D ...

: Clashes occur along the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact with the

Artsakh Defense Army The Artsakh Defence Army ( hy, Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak) is the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh). Est ...

, backed by the

Armenian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի զինված ուժեր, Hayastani zinvats uzher), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army ( hy, Հայկական Բանակ, Haykakan Banak), is the national military of Armenia. It consist ...

, on one side and the

Azerbaijani Armed Forces The Azerbaijani Armed Forces ( az, Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri) were re-established according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Armed Forces from 9 October 1991. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) had originally formed ...

on the other. *2017 February 27: Armenia and the EU ratify the Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement in Brussels. *2017 April 2:

2017 Armenian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 2 April 2017. They were the first elections after a constitutional referendum in 2015 that approved reforms for the country to become a parliamentary republic. The result was a victory for the rulin ...

*2017 May 17: The

Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges The Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges (FEAS) is a non-profit international organization comprising the main stock exchanges in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The purpose of the Federation is to contribute to the coopera ...

moves its headquarters to Armenia.

Nikol Pashinyan premiership (2018–present)

*2018 March 2:

2018 Armenian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Armenia on 2 March 2018. As a result of the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, this was the first time in Armenia's history when the president was elected by the National Assembly instead of popular vote. ...

*2018 March 31: Protests in Armenia start over Serzh Sargsyan becoming prime minister. *2018 April 23: Serzh Sargsyan resigns. *2018 May 8:

Nikol Pashinyan Nikol Vovayi Pashinyan ( hy, Նիկոլ Վովայի Փաշինյան, ; born 1 June 1975) is an Armenian politician serving as the prime minister of Armenia since 8 May 2018. A journalist by profession, Pashinyan founded his own newspaper in 1 ...

assumes power and promises anti-corruption and pro-democratic reforms following the

2018 Armenian revolution The 2018 Armenian Revolution, most commonly known in Armenia as #MerzhirSerzhin ( hy, ՄերժիրՍերժին, meaning "#RejectSerzh"), was a series of anti-government protests in Armenia from April to May 2018 staged by various political and ...

. *2018 May 28: 100th Anniversary of the

First Republic of Armenia The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle ...

celebrated. *2018 October 11: Armenia hosts the 17th Summit of the

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie The (OIF; sometimes shortened to the Francophonie, french: La Francophonie , but also called International Organisation of in English-language context) is an international organization representing countries and regions where French is a ...

in Yerevan. *2018 November: The Parliamentary Assembly of the

was held in Yerevan. *2018 December 9:

2018 Armenian parliamentary election Snap parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 9 December 2018, as none of the parties in the National Assembly were able to put forward and then elect a candidate for Prime Minister in the two-week period following the resignation of incum ...

*2019 June: Armenia hosts th
Summit of Minds
international conference. *2019 July 10: Armenia becomes an Observer Member of the

Pacific Alliance The Pacific Alliance ( es, link=no, Alianza del Pacífico) is a Latin American trade bloc, formed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which all border the Pacific Ocean. The alliance was formed with the express purpose of improving regional in ...

. *2019 July 14: Armenia hosts the

2019 UEFA European Under-19 Championship The 2019 UEFA European Under-19 Championship (also known as UEFA Under-19 Euro 2019) was the 18th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship (68th edition if the Under-18 and Junior eras are included), the annual international youth footb ...

. *2019 August 6: The 7th

begins. *2019 October 1: Armenia hosts

Eurasian Union The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU or EEU)EAEU is the acronym used on thorganisation's website However, many media outlets use the acronym EEU. is an economic union of some post-Soviet states located in Eurasia. The Treaty on the Eurasian Econo ...

Summit in Yerevan. *2019 October 6: Armenia hosts the World Congress on Information Technology. *2019 November 5: The

CSTO The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is an intergovernmental military alliance in Eurasia consisting of six post-Soviet states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan. The Collective Security Treaty has ...

Parliamentary Assembly was held in Yerevan. *2020 September 27:

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, the surrounding territories. It was a major escalation of ...

: Deadly clashes erupt in Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the Republic of Artsakh introduced

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

and

mobilized Mobilization is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war. The word ''mobilization'' was first used in a military context in the 1850s to describe the preparation of the Prussian Army. Mobilization theories and ...

forces. *2020 November 10: Armenia and Azerbaijan sign a Russia-brokered

ceasefire agreement A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be between state act ...

, ending the 44 day war. *2021 March 1: The Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement is entered into force. *2021 June 20: Nikol Pashinyan's Civil Contract wins a majority in the National Assembly following the

2021 Armenian parliamentary election Snap parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 20 June 2021. The elections had initially been scheduled for 9 December 2023, but were called earlier due to a political crisis following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and an alleged attempted ...

s. *2021 November 15: Armenia joins the

European Common Aviation Area The European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) is a single market in aviation services. ECAA agreements were signed on 5 May 2006 in Salzburg, Austria between the EU and some external countries. It built upon the EU's ''acquis communautaire'' and ...

. *2021: Armenia hosted the

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...

Annual Board of Directors Summit. *2022: Armenia hosted the 33rd

International Biology Olympiad The International Biology Olympiad (IBO) is a biological olympiad for pre-university students under the age 20, and is one of the most well-known International Science Olympiads. The first IBO was held in Czechoslovakia in 1990, and it has since be ...

in July 2022. *2022: Armenia hosted the sixth

Starmus Festival The Starmus International Festival is an international gathering focused on celebrating astronomy, space exploration, music, art, and other sciences such as biology and chemistry. It was founded by Garik Israelian, an astronomer at the Institu ...

in September 2022. *2022 October 6: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan participates in the 1st European Political Community Summit held in Prague.

Predicted and scheduled events

*2022: Armenia will host the 67th

World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...

Commission for Europe meeting. *2022: Armenia will host the 20th

Junior Eurovision Song Contest The Junior Eurovision Song Contest (often shortened to JESC, Junior Eurovision or Junior EuroSong) is an international song competition which has been organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) annually since 2003. It is held in a diff ...

in Yerevan. *2026:

to be shut down, a new nuclear power plant to be opened in Armenia. *2026: Next Armenian parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held.

References

;Specific ;General * * * *

External links

* {{Armenian Genocide Modern history of Armenia Armenia history-related lists