The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; a

sovereign country A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined terri ...

in Europe, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK), or Britain. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain—a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country—the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.

General reference

* The United Kingdom is... ** both a country and a country made up of countries ** both a nation state and a state made up of nations ** an island country ** a

Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state in the Commonwealth of Nations whose monarch and head of state is shared among the other realms. Each realm functions as an independent state, equal with the other realms and nations of the Commonwealt ...

(1931–) * Pronunciation: * Abbreviations: UK * Common English country names: The United Kingdom, The UK, or Britain * Official English country name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

s: United Kingdom, UK, Britain * Official endonyms: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * Adjectivals: British, United Kingdom * Demonyms: Briton, British, Brit * Etymology:

Name of Britain The name Britain originates from the Common Brittonic term ''*Pritanī'' and is one of the oldest known names for Great Britain, an island off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The terms Briton and British, similarly derived, refer ...

Name of the United Kingdom The terminology of the British Isles refers to the words and phrases that are used to describe the (sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller islands which surround them. Th ...

Name of England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by t ...

** Name of Northern Ireland ** Name of Scotland **

Name of Wales ''Walhaz'' is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning 'foreigner', or more specifically 'Roman', 'Romance-speaker' or '(romanized) Celt', and survives in English as 'Welsh'. The term was used by the ancient Germanic peoples to describe inh ...

International rankings of the United Kingdom These are the international rankings of the United Kingdom. Indexes grouped by topic : Geographical rankings See also References {{Reflist * United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as ...

* Terminology of the British Isles * United Kingdom-related topics ** England-related topics ** Scotland-related topics ** Wales-related topics ** Northern Ireland-related topics * ISO country codes: GB, GBR, 826 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:GB * Internet country code top-level domain:

.uk .uk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. It was first registered in July 1985, seven months after the original generic top-level domains such as .com and the first country code after .us. , it is the fift ...

.gb .gb is a reserved Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. The domain was introduced with RFC 920 in October 1984 that set out the creation of ccTLD generally using country codes derived from the corresponding two ...

(not used)

Countries of the United Kingdom, Dependencies, Territories and Commonwealth

Countries of the UK and their subdivisions

* England ** Subdivisions of England ***

Regions of England The regions, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England, established in 1994. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within government. While they no ...

****

Counties of England The counties of England are areas used for different purposes, which include administrative, geographical, cultural and political demarcation. The term "county" is defined in several ways and can apply to similar or the same areas used by each ...

''(see also

Metropolitan county The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level administrative division of England. There are six metropolitan counties, which each cover large urban areas, with populations between 1 and 3 million. They were created in 1974 and are each di ...

and Shire county)'' **** Unitary authorities of England **** Districts of England ''(see also

Metropolitan district A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan ...

and

Shire district Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially "shire districts", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially ''shire counties'') in a two-tier arrangement. Non-m ...

)'' **** Civil parishes ***

Greater London Greater may refer to: *Greatness, the state of being great *Greater than, in inequality (mathematics), inequality *Greater (film), ''Greater'' (film), a 2016 American film *Greater (flamingo), the oldest flamingo on record *Greater (song), "Greate ...

**** London boroughs ***

West Midlands West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

* Northern Ireland ** Counties of Northern Ireland ** Local government in Northern Ireland *** Districts of Northern Ireland * Scotland **

Subdivisions of Scotland For local government purposes, Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" ( gd, comhairlean), which are all governed by single-tier authorities designated as "councils". They have the option under the Local Government (Ga ...

* Wales **

Subdivisions of Wales Since 1 April 1996, Wales has been divided into 22 single-tier principal areas ( cy, Awdurdodau unedol), styled as counties or county boroughs ( or ) for local government purposes. The elected councils of these areas are responsible for the pr ...

Crown Dependencies

Crown Dependencies * Isle of Man * Channel Islands ** Jersey **

Guernsey Guernsey (; Guernésiais: ''Guernési''; french: Guernesey) is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency. It is the second largest of the Channel Islands ...

Alderney Alderney (; french: Aurigny ; Auregnais: ) is the northernmost of the inhabited Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown dependency. It is long and wide. The island's area is , making it the third-largest ...

** Sark

British Overseas Territories

British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen dependent territory, territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remna ...

* Anguilla * Bermuda * British Antarctic Territory *

British Indian Ocean Territory The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 ...

* British Virgin Islands *

Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territory—the largest by population in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located to the ...

* Falkland Islands *

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

Montserrat Montserrat ( ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, with r ...

Pitcairn Islands The Pitcairn Islands (; Pitkern: '), officially the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, is a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. The four isl ...

* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha * South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands * Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus * Turks and Caicos Islands

Commonwealth of Nations

The United Kingdom is a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations *

Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of 56 sovereign states. Most of them were British colonies or dependencies of those colonies. No one government in the Commonwealth exercises power over the others, as is the case in a po ...

* Commonwealth citizen ** Head of the Commonwealth * Commonwealth War Graves Commission (1917-) * Commonwealth Games (1930-)

Geography, resources and demography

Geography of the United Kingdom * Location: **

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

, on the Prime meridian ** Atlantic Ocean ** Eurasia (but not on the mainland) *** Europe ****

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...

and Western Europe ***** British Isles ****** Great Britain (entire island and adjacent isles) ****** Ireland (northeastern sixth of the island) ** Time zone: Greenwich Mean Time = Western European Time (

UTC+00 UTC+00:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +00:00. In ISO 8601, an example of the associated time would be written as 2019-02-07T23:28:34+00:00. It is also known by the following geographical or historical names: *Greenwich Mean ...

British Summer Time During British Summer Time (BST), civil time in the United Kingdom is advanced one hour forward of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), in effect changing the time zone from UTC±00:00 to UTC+01:00, so that mornings have one hour less daylight, and ev ...

= Western European Summer Time ( UTC+01) *

Area of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately , the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Brita ...

: – 79th most extensive country **

Area of the countries of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately , the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Brita ...

* Extreme points of the United Kingdom: ** North: Out Stack,

Shetland Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands and formerly Zetland, is a subarctic archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands and Norway. It is the northernmost region of the United Kingdom. The islands lie about to the no ...

Islands ** South: Western Rocks,

Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly (; kw, Syllan, ', or ) is an archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England. One of the islands, St Agnes, is the most southerly point in Britain, being over further south than the most southerly point of the ...

** East:

Lowestoft Ness Ness Point, also known as Lowestoft Ness, is the most easterly point of England, Great Britain, the United Kingdom and the British Isles. It is located in Lowestoft in the East Suffolk district of the county of Suffolk. The site is located to ...

Suffolk Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowes ...

** West:

Rockall Rockall () is an uninhabitable granite islet situated in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by Ireland. ...

¹ ** High: Ben Nevis, Lochaber at *** Low: The Fens at ** Land boundaries: 360 km ** Land boundary: undersea in Channel Tunnel ** Coastline: 12,429 km * Atlas of the United Kingdom ** Atlas of England ** Atlas of Northern Ireland ** Atlas of Scotland ** Atlas of Wales **

Economic geography of the United Kingdom The economic geography of the United Kingdom reflects its high position in the current economic league tables, as well as reflecting its long history as a trading nation and as an imperial power Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or ...

Ecoregions

List of ecoregions in the United Kingdom The following is a list of ecoregions in the United Kingdom as identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Terrestrial Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests *Celtic broadleaf forests *Celtic rainforest *English Lowlands beech forests * ...

Satellite image of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in April 2002

Environment

Climate of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61°N on the western seaboard of Europe. Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream, frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather are ...

Environmental issues in the United Kingdom This page lists the issues that the United Kingdom currently has that are related to the environment, such as pollution and contamination. In 2015, it was reported that for the past decade, the state of the environment in the UK had significant ...

* Conservation in the United Kingdom * Energy in the United Kingdom * Green building in the United Kingdom * Ecoregions in the United Kingdom * Renewable energy in the United Kingdom ** Green electricity in the United Kingdom *** Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom *** Wind power in the United Kingdom *** Solar power in the United Kingdom * Geology of the United Kingdom ** Earthquakes in the British Isles * National parks of the United Kingdom ** National parks of England and Wales **

National parks of Northern Ireland National parks of the United Kingdom ( cy, parciau cenedlaethol; gd, pàircean nàiseanta) are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape across the country. Despite their name, they are quite different from national parks in many ot ...

** National parks of Scotland * Protected areas of the United Kingdom ** Environmentally sensitive area (ESA) ** Heritage coast ** Scenic areas *** Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – England, Wales, Northern Ireland *** National scenic area – Scotland ** Scheduled monument **

Site of Special Scientific Interest A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Great Britain or an Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom and Isle of ...

(SSSI) ** Special Area of Conservation (SAC) (European Union) ** Special Protection Area (SPA) (European Union) ** Wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention (International) *

Wildlife of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

** Flora of the United Kingdom ***

Trees of Britain and Ireland Many lists of trees of Great Britain and Ireland have been written. There are a number of issues surrounding the inclusion of a species in such a list. As can be seen from the outline of debate below, there is no 'correct' list of trees of Britain ...

***

List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland The flora of Great Britain and Ireland is one of the best documented in the world. There are 1390 native species and over 1100 well-established non-natives documented on the islands. A bibliographic database of the species is compiled by the Botan ...

Fauna of the United Kingdom The island of Great Britain, along with the rest of the archipelago known as the British Isles, has a largely temperate climate. It contains a relatively small fraction of the world's wildlife. The biota was severely diminished in the last ice ...

***

List of mammals of the United Kingdom This is a list of mammals of Great Britain. The diversity of mammal fauna of Great Britain is somewhat impoverished compared to that of Continental Europe, due to the short period of time between the last ice age and the flooding of the land bri ...

*** Birds of the United Kingdom ****

List of birds of Great Britain This list of birds of Great Britain comprises all bird species that have been recorded in a wild state in Great Britain. It follows the official British List, maintained by the British Ornithologists' Union (BOU). Decisions relating to the Briti ...

****

List of birds of Wales This list of birds of Wales includes every species of bird that has been recorded in a wild state in Wales. Compared to the avifauna of Britain as a whole, Wales has fewer breeding species, but these include a number of moorland species such as ...

***

List of reptiles of Great Britain The reptiles of Great Britain include three native snakes and three native lizards. A number of sea turtles visit Great Britain's shores. There are also at least seven introduced reptile species. Snakes * Common European adder, ''Vipera be ...

*** List of amphibians of Great Britain *** List of fish of Great Britain *** Lists of insects of Great Britain *

** United Kingdom Climate Change Programme ** List of UK extreme rainfall amounts * Conservation in the United Kingdom * Environmentally sensitive area ** Green belts ** Notable trees in Great Britain ** National nature reserve **

National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty The National Trust, formally the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, is a charity and membership organisation for heritage conservation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there is a separate and ...

** Special Protection Area ***

List of waterfalls of the United Kingdom This is a links page to the named waterfalls found in the UK and includes a list of the highest waterfalls. Highest waterfalls in the UK The list of highest waterfalls is often controversial, due to the ambiguity of whether to measure the sin ...

* List of natural disasters in the British Isles ** The Great Storm of 1987

Geographic features

* Coastline * Islands *

Lakes A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...

Lochs ''Loch'' () is the Scottish Gaelic, Scots and Irish word for a lake or sea inlet. It is cognate with the Manx lough, Cornish logh, and one of the Welsh words for lake, llwch. In English English and Hiberno-English, the anglicised spelling ...

* Mountains and hills **

Volcanoes A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are ...

Rivers A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wate ...

** Waterfalls * World Heritage Sites

Regions

* Time zone of the UK

Municipalities

* Cities **

Capital of the United Kingdom London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

: London **

Second city of the United Kingdom The second city of the United Kingdom is an unofficial claim made at various times by several cities since the establishment of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 (the United Kingdom was formed in January 1801). Commonly a country's "second c ...

** Cities by population * Towns: ** Towns in England ** Burghs in Scotland **

Towns in Wales In Wales, as in England and Northern Ireland, a town is any settlement which has received a charter of incorporation, more commonly known as a town charter, approved by the monarch. Fifty-five boroughs in Wales were given parliamentary representat ...

Towns in Northern Ireland This is an alphabetical list of towns and villages in Northern Ireland. For a list sorted by population, see the list of settlements in Northern Ireland by population. The towns of Armagh, Lisburn and Newry are also classed as cities (see city stat ...

* City status in the United Kingdom * Conurbations * Green belt

Natural Resources

* Energy in the United Kingdom inc. Renewable energy in the United Kingdom ** Biodiesel in the United Kingdom ** Coal mining in the United Kingdom **

Geothermal power in the United Kingdom The potential for exploiting geothermal energy in the United Kingdom on a commercial basis was initially examined by the Department of Energy in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. Several regions of the country were identified, but interest in dev ...

Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom Fracking in the United Kingdom started in the late 1970s with fracturing of the conventional oil and gas fields near the North Sea. It was used in about 200 British onshore oil and gas wells from the early 1980s. The technique attracted ...

** Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom ** Marine energy in the United Kingdom ** North Sea oil ** Solar power in the United Kingdom ** Wind power in the United Kingdom *

Food Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is inge ...

Agriculture in the United Kingdom Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 71% of the country's land area, employs 1% of its workforce (467,000 people) and contributes 0.5% of its gross value added ( £11.2 billion). The UK currently produces about 60% of its domestic food consum ...

** Fishing industry in England ** Fishing in Scotland ** Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom * Materials **

Forestry in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom,The United Kingdom (sometimes abbreviated to UK) is a political unit (specifically a country), the British Isles is a geographical unit (the archipelago lying off the northwest coast of Europe), and Great Britain is the name of ...

** Mining in the United Kingdom *

List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom This list of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom presents various renewable resources such as crops for food or fuel, livestock and wood with accompanying information being given on its production and trade by the Unite ...

Northwestern Europe at night by VIIRS cropped to GB

Demography

Demography of the United Kingdom *

Population of the United Kingdom The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at over 67.0 million in 2020. It is the 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of 270 people per square kilometre (700 people per square mile), with England ...

: 64,105,700 (2013

estimate Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is der ...

) making it the 22nd most populous country and, with a population density of 259/km² (679/sq.mile), ranking it 51st on the List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density. This is largely due to the particularly high population density of England which measures 406/km². **

Population of the countries of the United Kingdom The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at over 67.0 million in 2020. It is the 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of 270 people per square kilometre (700 people per square mile), with Engla ...

** UK birth and deaths since 1960 ** Immigration to the United Kingdom

Ethnicity

Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom * Commission for Racial Equality * British * White British ** English **

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...

** Northern Irish ** Ulster-Scot ** Cornish * White Irish * Other White Ethnic Groups ** Western European *** French migration to the United Kingdom *** Dutch people in the United Kingdom ***

Italians in the United Kingdom Italians in the United Kingdom, also known as British Italians or colloquially Britalians, are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom of Italian heritage. The phrase may refer to someone born in the United Kingdom of Italian descent, some ...

*** Germans in the United Kingdom ***

Spaniards in the United Kingdom Spaniards in the United Kingdom are people of Spanish descent resident in Britain. They may be British citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Historical migration of royalty Spanish and English royalty intermarried on numerous occasions, a notable ...

***

Portuguese in the United Kingdom Portuguese in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the UK who are connected to the country of Portugal by birth, descent or citizenship. Background History and settlement The New Christians, who had converted from Judaism to Roman C ...

***

Scandinavian migration to Britain Scandinavian migration to Britain is a phenomenon that has occurred at different periods over the past 1,200 years. Over the last couple of centuries, there has been regular migration from Scandinavia to Great Britain, from families looking to set ...

** Eastern European ***

Poles in the United Kingdom British Poles, alternatively known as Polish British people or Polish Britons, are ethnic Poles who are citizens of the United Kingdom. The term includes people born in the UK who are of Polish descent and Polish-born people who reside in the UK ...

*** Baltic people in the United Kingdom *** Lithuanians in the United Kingdom ***

Czechs in the United Kingdom Czechs in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Czech people migrating to the United Kingdom from the Czech Republic or from the political entities that preceded it, such as Czechoslovakia. There are some people in the UK who were eithe ...

*** Hungarians in the United Kingdom *** Greeks in the United Kingdom ***

Serbs in the United Kingdom British Serbs or Serbs in the United Kingdom are Serbs and people of Serbian ancestry in the United Kingdom. Culture Religion There are a number of Serbian Orthodox churches in the UK, including London, Birmingham, Bradford, Halifax, Corby, Der ...

***

Romanians in the United Kingdom Romanians in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Romanian people moving to the United Kingdom as citizens or non-citizen immigrants, along with British citizens of Romanian ancestry. The number of Romanian-born people resident in the ...

***

Bulgarians in the United Kingdom Bulgarians in the United Kingdom include citizens of the United Kingdom who trace their Bulgarian ancestry. The number of Bulgarian-born people resident in the UK has risen from 5,351 at the time of the 2001 Census to an estimated 103,000 in 201 ...

***

British Cypriots The British Cypriot community in the United Kingdom consists of British people born on, or with ancestors from, the Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. British Cypriot people may be of Greek-, Turkish-, Lebanese- Maronite-, or Armenian-Cyp ...

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n ***

Americans in the United Kingdom Americans in the United Kingdom or American Britons, includes emigrants from the United States who gain British citizenship, people from the United States who are or have become residents or citizens of the United Kingdom. Population The 2001 ...

*** Canadians in the United Kingdom ***

Australians in the United Kingdom Australians in the United Kingdom, or Australian Britons, include Australians who have become residents or citizens of the United Kingdom. The largest segment of Australia's diaspora of 1 million resides in the United Kingdom. The 2001 UK Cens ...

** Other ***

British Jews British Jews (often referred to collectively as British Jewry or Anglo-Jewry) are British citizens who identify as Jewish. The number of people who identified as Jews in the United Kingdom rose by just under 4% between 2001 and 2021. History ...

*** Irish Travellers ***

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

*** New age travellers * British Asian **

British Indian British Indians are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots are from India. This includes people born in the UK who are of Indian origin as well as Indians who have migrated to the UK. Today, Indians comprise about 1.4 mil ...

** British Pakistanis ** British Bangladeshi ** British Sri Lankans *

Oriental British East Asians in the United Kingdom are East Asians living in the United Kingdom. They have been present in the country since the 17th century and primarily originate from countries such as China, Hong Kong (SAR of China), Japan, South Kore ...

** British Chinese **

Filipinos in the United Kingdom Filipinos in the United Kingdom are British citizens or immigrants who are of Filipino ancestry. Demographics Population The 2001 UK Census recorded 40,118 people born in the Philippines. The 2011 census recorded 117,457 people born in the Ph ...

Japanese in the United Kingdom The include British citizens or permanent residents of Japanese birth, ancestry or citizenship as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating ...

** Koreans in the United Kingdom **

Thais in the United Kingdom Thais in the United Kingdom (also known as Thai Britons) are British citizens who trace their Thai ancestry from migrants who have migrated from Thailand or Thais residing in the United Kingdom for work or educational purposes. Population The ...

Malaysians in the United Kingdom Malaysians in the United Kingdom are British citizens who have full or partial Malaysian origin or descent and Malaysian citizens residing in the United Kingdom. The 2001 UK Census recorded 49,886 Malaysian-born people. The 2011 census recorded ...

** Singaporeans in the United Kingdom *

British Arabs British Arabs ( ar, عرب بريطانيا) are British citizens of Arab descent. They share a common Arab ethnicity, culture, language and identity from different Arab countries. Arabs also come from non-Arab countries as ethnic minorities. The ...

** Yemenis in the United Kingdom ** British Iraqis **

Armenians in the United Kingdom The Armenian community of the United Kingdom consists mainly of British citizens who are fully or partially of Armenian descent. There has been sporadic emigration from Armenia to the UK since the 18th century, with the biggest influx coming afte ...

** Iranians in the United Kingdom **

British Turks British Turks ( tr, ) or Turks in the United Kingdom ( tr, ) are Turkish people who have immigrated to the United Kingdom. However, the term may also refer to British-born persons who have Turkish parents or who have a Turkish ancestral backgro ...

Black British Black British people are a multi-ethnic group of British citizens of either African or Afro-Caribbean descent.Gadsby, Meredith (2006), ''Sucking Salt: Caribbean Women Writers, Migration, and Survival'', University of Missouri Press, pp. 76–7 ...

British African-Caribbean community British African-Caribbean people are an ethnic group in the United Kingdom. They are British citizens whose ancestry originates from the Caribbean or they are nationals of the Caribbean who reside in the UK. There are some self-identified Afro ...

*** Barbadian British *** British Jamaican **

African migration to Britain The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom. In the period January to December 2016, there were groups from 22 foreign countries that were estimate ...

*** Ghanaians in the United Kingdom ***

Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom has been occurring for many decades. As a result, many people in the UK were born in Kenya, or have Kenyan ancestry. Many Kenyan people who migrated to the UK are of South Asian extraction. Background Most ...

*** British Nigerian ***

South Africans in the United Kingdom South Africans in the United Kingdom include citizens and residents of the United Kingdom with origins in South Africa. Demographics The 2001 UK census recorded 140,201 South African-born people living in the UK. According to the 2011 UK census ...

***

Ugandan migration to the United Kingdom Ugandan migration to the United Kingdom refers to the movement of people from Uganda. Today, a small proportion of people in the United Kingdom were either born in Uganda, or have Ugandan ancestry. In 1972, almost 60,000 Ugandan Asians were exp ...

***

Tanzanians in the United Kingdom Tanzanians in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ethnic or national origins lie fully or partially in Tanzania. The Tanzanian community in the UK is the largest of any OECD nation and is ethnically diverse, c ...

***

Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom Zimbabweans Britons are British people who were born in Zimbabwe or can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Zimbabwe who emigrated to the United Kingdom. While the first natives of the then-Southern Rhodesia arrived in Britain in notable n ...

Latin American migration to the United Kingdom Latin American migration to the United Kingdom dates back to the early 19th century. However, up until the 1970s, when political and civil unrest became rife in many Latin American countries, the United Kingdom's Latin American community was no ...

Argentines in the United Kingdom Latin American migration to the United Kingdom dates back to the early 19th century. However, up until the 1970s, when political and civil unrest became rife in many Latin American countries, the United Kingdom's Latin American community was ...

Brazilians in the United Kingdom Brazilians in the United Kingdom ( pt, Brasileiros no Reino Unido) including Brazilian-born immigrants to the UK and their British-born descendants form the single largest Latin American group in the country. History Early settlement Brazilia ...

** Colombians in the United Kingdom **

Ecuadorians in the United Kingdom Ecuadorians in the United Kingdom ( es, Ecuatorianos en el Reino Unido) include people of Ecuadorian ancestry living in the United Kingdom, who have been born or raised in the UK. They can be either British citizens or non-citizen immigrants. Demo ...

Government, monarchy, politics and honours

* Form of government: parliamentary multi-party

representative democratic Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected people represent a group of people, in contrast to direct democracy. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of represe ...

constitutional monarchy * Censorship in the United Kingdom *

Elections in the United Kingdom There are five types of elections in the United Kingdom: elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (commonly called 'general elections' when all seats are contested), elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies, local electi ...

British elections There are five types of elections in the United Kingdom: elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (commonly called 'general elections' when all seats are contested), elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies, local electio ...

(specific elections) *

Gun politics in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, access by the general public to firearms is subject to some of the strictest control measures in the world. However, fulfilment of the criteria and requirements as laid out by the laws results in the vast majority of fir ...

* Political parties in the United Kingdom * Political scandals of the United Kingdom * Taxation in the United Kingdom

Monarchy

Air transport of the Royal Family and government of the United Kingdom Air transport of the British royal family and government is provided, depending on the circumstances and availability, by a variety of military and civilian operators. This includes an Airbus Voyager of the Royal Air Force, No. 10 Squadron and ...

* British Royal Family *

British monarchs' family tree This is the family tree of the British royal family, from James I (who united the crowns of England and Scotland) to the present monarch, Charles III. Before James VI and I :''See Family tree of English monarchs, Family tree of Scottish monarch ...

* Monarchy of the United Kingdom *

Coronation of the British monarch The coronation of the monarch of the United Kingdom is a ceremony (specifically, initiation rite) in which they are formally invested with regalia and crowned at Westminster Abbey. It corresponds to the coronations that formerly took place in ot ...

* Household Cavalry * Household Division * HMY ''Britannia'' * Line of succession to the British throne * List of British royal residences * List of British monarchs *

List of Royal Yachts of the United Kingdom There have been 83 royal yachts of the monarchy of the United Kingdom since the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. Charles II had 25 royal yachts, while five were simultaneously in service in 1831. Merchantmen or warships have occasionally b ...

List of UK place names with royal patronage A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

* List of organisations in the United Kingdom with a royal charter * King's Guard and King's Life Guard * Royal Assent * Royal Charter * Royal Christmas Message *

Royal Collection Management Committee The Royal Collection Management Committee has control of the administration of the Royal Collection of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, and is a part of the Royal Collection Department of the Royal Household. Current (July 2005) members are ...

Royal Collection Trust The Royal Collection of the British royal family is the largest private art collection in the world. Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom, the collection is owned by King Charles III and overseen by the ...

Royal Collection The Royal Collection of the British royal family is the largest private art collection in the world. Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom, the collection is owned by King Charles III and overseen by the ...

* Royal Household *

Royal Librarian The office of Royal Librarian, in the Royal Collection Department of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, is responsible for the care and maintenance of the books and manuscripts in the Royal Library, a collection spread acr ...

* Royal Library, Windsor * Royal Peculiar *

Royal Philatelic Collection The Royal Philatelic Collection is the postage stamp collection of the British royal family. It is the most comprehensive collection of items related to the philately of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth, with many unique pieces. ...

* Royal Prerogative * Royal Standard *

Royal Style and Titles Act In the Commonwealth realms, a Royal Style and Titles Act or a Royal Titles Act is an Act of Parliament passed in the relevant jurisdiction which defines the sovereign's formal title in that jurisdiction. The most significant of these acts is the Ro ...

* Royal Train * Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom) * Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom * Royal forest *

Style of the British sovereign The precise style of British sovereigns has varied over the years. style is officially proclaimed in two languages:UK ParliamentRoyal Titles Act 1953(1 & 2 Eliz. 2 c. 9) Proclamation of 28 May 1953 made in accordance with the Royal Titles Act 195 ...

Succession to the British Throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender, legitimacy and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 an ...

Branches of the government

Executive branch

* Head of state:

Sovereign of the United Kingdom The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwi ...

, King Charles III **

*** Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom * Head of government: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( list),

Rishi Sunak Rishi Sunak (; born 12 May 1980) is a British politician who has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party since October 2022. He previously held two Cabinet of ...

Cabinet of the United Kingdom The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of His Majesty's Government. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister and its members include secretaries of state and other senior ministers. T ...

Departments of the United Kingdom Government The Government of the United Kingdom is divided up into departments. These, according to the government, are responsible for putting government policy into practice. There are currently 23 ministerial departments, 20 non-ministerial departments ...

Legislative branch

* Parliament of the United Kingdom (

bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...

) ** List of parliaments of the United Kingdom ** List of parliaments of Great Britain ** Upper house: House of Lords **

Lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...

House of Commons of the United Kingdom The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 me ...

***

List of British MPs Following is a (currently incomplete) list of past United Kingdom MPs in alphabetical order. __NOTOC__ A ''See List of United Kingdom MPs: A'' B ''See List of United Kingdom MPs: B'' C ''See List of United Kingdom MPs: C'' D ''See Lis ...

Judicial branch

Courts of the United Kingdom * Courts of England and Wales * Courts of Northern Ireland * Courts of Scotland *

Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (initialism: UKSC or the acronym: SCOTUK) is the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom for all civil cases, and for criminal cases originating in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. As the Unite ...

Foreign relations

Foreign relations of the United Kingdom * History * Timeline of British diplomatic history *

United Kingdom and the United Nations The United Kingdom is a founding member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. As the fifth largest provider of financial contributions to the United Nations, the UK provided 5 percent of the UN bud ...

Special Relationship The Special Relationship is a term that is often used to describe the politics, political, social, diplomacy, diplomatic, culture, cultural, economics, economic, law, legal, Biophysical environment, environmental, religion, religious, military ...

* Diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom * Diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom

International organisation membership

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a member of: * African Development Bank (AfDB) (nonregional member) * African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) *

Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, ...

(observer) * Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member) * Australia Group * Bank for International Settlements (BIS) * British-Irish Council (BIC) * Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) (nonregional member) * Commonwealth of Nations *

Confederation of European Paper Industries The Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) is the pan-European association representing the forest fibre and paper industry. Through its 18 national associations, CEPI gathers 495 companies operating more than 900 pulp and paper mills a ...

(CEPI) *

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

(CE) * Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) * Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) *

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...

(EBRD) *

European Investment Bank The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the EU Member States. It is one of the largest supranational lenders in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions ...

(EIB) * European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ( EUMETSAT) * European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) *

European Space Agency , owners = , headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France , coordinates = , spaceport = Guiana Space Centre , seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png , seal_size = 130px , image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...

(ESA) * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) *

General Conference on Weights and Measures The General Conference on Weights and Measures (GCWM; french: Conférence générale des poids et mesures, CGPM) is the supreme authority of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the intergovernmental organization established i ...

(CGPM) * Group of Five (G5) * Group of Eight (G8) * Group of Ten (G10) *

Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation ...

(G20) *

Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America, and serving as the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribb ...

(IADB) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) * International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) * International Criminal Court (ICCt) * International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Energy Agency The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the entire global energy sector, with a recent focus on curbing carb ...

(IEA) *

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...

(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *

International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...

(IFAD) * International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) * International Labour Organization (ILO) *

International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...

(IMO) * International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) * International Monetary Fund (IMF) * International Olympic Committee (IOC) * International Organization for Migration (IOM) * International Organization for Standardization (ISO) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) * International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) * International Whaling Commission (IWO) *

Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...

(IPU) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) * Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) (guest) * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) * Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) * Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) *

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...

(OECD) * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) * Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) *

Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...

(OAS) (observer) *

Pacific Islands Forum The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation between countries and territories of Oceania, including formation of a trade bloc and regional peacekeeping operations. It was founded in 197 ...

(PIF) (partner) *

Paris Club The Paris Club (french: Club de Paris) is a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find co-ordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries. As debtor countries undertake ...

* Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) * Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) *

Southeast European Cooperative Initiative The Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) is a multilateral regional initiative that has been initiated by the European Union, the United States of America and the countries of Southeast Europe within the framework of the Organization ...

(SECI) (observer) * United Nations (UN) * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) * United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) * United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) (associate) * United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) * United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC) * United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) * United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) * United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) * United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) * United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) * United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) * United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) * United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) * United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) *

United Nations Mission in the Sudan The United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan ...

(UNMIS) *

United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia The United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 in August 1993 to verify compliance with a 27 July 1993 ceasefire agreement between the Republic of Georgia and forces in Abk ...

(UNOMIG) * United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) * United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) * United Nations Security Council (UNSC) (permanent member) * United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) * United Nations University (UNU) * Universal Postal Union (UPU) * Western European Union (WEU) * World Confederation of Labour (WCL) * World Customs Organization (WCO) * World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) * World Health Organization (WHO) * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) * World Meteorological Organization (WMO) * World Organization of the Scout Movement * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) * World Trade Organization (WTO) *

World Veterans Federation The World Veterans Federation (WVF) is the world's largest international veteran organisation. The federation consists of 172 veterans organizations from 121 countries representing some 60 million veterans worldwide. It is a humanitarian organisa ...

Zangger Committee The Zangger Committee, also known as the Nuclear Exporters Committee, sprang from Article III.2 of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) which entered into force on March 5, 1970. Under the terms of Article III.2 International ...

(ZC)

Local government

* List of local governments in the United Kingdom

Politics of England

Politics of England Politics of England forms the major part of the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with England being more populous than all the other countries of the United Kingdom put together. As England is also by far the largest in terms of area and G ...

* Regional assemblies in England *

Local government in England Local government in England broadly consists of three layers: regional authorities, local authorities and parish councils. Legislation concerning English local government is passed by Parliament, as England does not have a devolved parliament. Th ...

** History of local government in England ** Mayors in England

Politics of Northern Ireland

Politics of Northern Ireland *

Northern Ireland Assembly sco-ulster, Norlin Airlan Assemblie , legislature = 7th Northern Ireland Assembly, Seventh Assembly , coa_pic = File:NI_Assembly.svg , coa_res = 250px , house_type = Unicameralism, Unicameral , hou ...

** First Minister of Northern Ireland, Office vacant **

Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland The First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland are the joint heads of government of the Northern Ireland Executive and have overall responsibility for the running of the Executive Office. Despite the different titles for the two ...

, Office vacant * Local government in Northern Ireland ** History of local government in Northern Ireland ** Mayors in Northern Ireland

Politics of Scotland

Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29

Politics of Scotland * History of Scottish devolution * Local government in Scotland ** History of local government in Scotland **

Provosts in Scotland Provost is a title held by the civic heads of local governments in Scotland. It is similar in use to the title of mayor in other parts of the English-speaking world. In the 32 current unitary councils in Scotland, the title is often used for ...

* Pressure Groups in Scotland *

Scottish Parliament The Scottish Parliament ( gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ; sco, Scots Pairlament) is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyro ...

First Minister of Scotland The first minister of Scotland ( sco, heid meinister o Scotland; gd, prìomh mhinistear na h-Alba ) is the head of the Scottish Government and keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The first minister chairs ...

Nicola Sturgeon Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon (born 19 July 1970) is a Scottish politician serving as First Minister of Scotland and Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) since 2014. She is the first woman to hold either position. She has been a member of ...

** Members of the Scottish Parliament **

2007 Scottish Parliament election The 2007 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday 3 May 2007 to elect members to the Scottish Parliament. It was the third general election to the devolved Scottish Parliament since it was created in 1999. Local elections in Scotland fe ...

2011 Scottish Parliament election The 2011 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2011 to Members of the 4th Scottish Parliament, elect 129 members to the Scottish Parliament. The election delivered the first majority government since the opening of Holyrood, ...

2016 Scottish Parliament election The 2016 Scottish parliament election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2016 to elect 129 members to the Scottish Parliament. It was the fifth election held since the devolved parliament was established in 1999. It was the first parliamentary electi ...

2021 Scottish Parliament election The 2021 Scottish Parliament election took place on 6 May 2021, under the provisions of the Scotland Act 1998. All 129 Members of the Scottish Parliament were elected in the sixth election since the parliament was re-established in 1999. The ele ...

Politics of Wales

Politics of Wales * Local government in Wales ** History of local government in Wales ** Mayors in Wales *

Senedd The Senedd (; ), officially known as the Welsh Parliament in English and () in Welsh, is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Wales. A democratically elected body, it makes laws for Wales, agrees certain taxes and scrutinises the Welsh Gove ...

(Welsh Parliament) ** Members of the Senedd ** Members of the 6th Senedd **

2007 National Assembly for Wales election The 2007 National Assembly for Wales election was held on Thursday 3 May 2007 to elect members to the Senedd, National Assembly for Wales. It was the third general election. On the same day local elections in England and Scotland, as well as the ...

2011 National Assembly for Wales election Eleven or 11 may refer to: *11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12 * one of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011, or any year ending in 11 Literature * ''Eleven'' (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn *'' ...

2016 National Assembly for Wales election Sixteen or 16 may refer to: *16 (number), the natural number following 15 and preceding 17 *one of the years 16 BC, AD 16, 1916, 2016 Films * '' Pathinaaru'' or ''Sixteen'', a 2010 Tamil film * ''Sixteen'' (1943 film), a 1943 Argentine film ...

2021 Senedd election 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. I ...

** Welsh Government *** Second Drakeford government ***

First Minister of Wales , insignia = First Minister of Wales logo.png , insigniasize = 120px , insigniacaption = Logo , flag = Flag of Wales.svg , flagsize = 120px , flagborder = yes , flagcaption = Flag of Wales , image = File:Mark Drakeford (cropped).jpg , ...

Mark Drakeford Mark Drakeford (born 19 September 1954) is a Welsh politician serving as First Minister of Wales and Leader of Welsh Labour since 2018. He previously served in the Welsh Government as Cabinet Secretary for Finance from 2016 to 2018 and Minist ...

Honours

* New Year Honours * King's Birthday Honours * Prime Minister's Resignation Honours * Chivalric order ** Chivalric order#Modern orders * List of honorary British knights and dames * British honours system *

Declining a British honour The following is a partial list of people who have declined a British honour, such as a knighthood or other grade of honour. Methodology In most cases, the offer of an honour was rejected privately. Nowadays, potential recipients are contact ...

Military and Defence

British Armed Forces The British Armed Forces, also known as His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. They also promote the UK's wider interests, s ...

Command

* Commander-in-chief:

The Sovereign The Sovereign (or Sovereign Apartments) is a residential skyscraper in the East Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, near the border with the Upper East Side. It is located at 425 East 58th Street east of First Avenue.King Charles III ** Chief of the Defence Staff: General Sir Nick Carter *** First Sea Lord: Admiral

Tony Radakin Admiral Sir Antony David Radakin, (born 10 November 1965) is a senior Royal Navy officer. Since November 2021, he is the 24th Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom), Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed For ...

*** Chief of the General Staff: General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith *** Chief of the Air Staff: Air Chief Marshal Michael Wigston * Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) ** Defence Council of the United Kingdom

Forces

** British Army ** Royal Navy **

Royal Marines The Corps of Royal Marines (RM), also known as the Royal Marines Commandos, are the UK's special operations capable commando force, amphibious light infantry and also one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy. The Corps of Royal Marine ...

** Royal Air Force

History

See

Law and order

Law of the United Kingdom * 9-9-9 emergency telephone number * British citizenship, British nationality law *

Cannabis in the United Kingdom Cannabis in the United Kingdom is illegal for recreational use and is classified as a Class B drug. In 2004, cannabis was made a Class C drug with less severe penalties but it was moved back to Class B in 2009. Medical use of cannabis, when pr ...

Capital punishment in the United Kingdom Capital punishment in the United Kingdom predates the formation of the UK, having been used within the British Isles from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and t ...

* Common law * Constitution of the United Kingdom **

History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom The constitution of the United Kingdom is an uncodified constitution made up of various statutes, judicial precedents, convention, treaties and other sources. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the constitution developed gradually in response to vario ...

Magna Carta (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called (also ''Magna Charta''; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the ...

(1215) ** Petition of Right (1628) ** Habeas Corpus Act (1679) ** Bill of Rights (1689) ** Great Reform Act (1832) **

Parliament Act The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 are two Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which form part of the constitution of the United Kingdom. Section 2(2) of the Parliament Act 1949 provides that the two Acts are to be construed as one. ...

(1911) ** Scotland Act 1998 ** Northern Ireland Act 1998 ** Government of Wales Act 1998 ** House of Lords Act 1999 * Courts of the United Kingdom *

Crime in the United Kingdom Crime in the United Kingdom describes acts of violent crime and non-violent crime that take place within the United Kingdom. Courts and police systems are separated into three sections, based on the different judicial systems of England and Wale ...

* Law of the European Union * Human rights in the United Kingdom ** Civil liberties in the United Kingdom ** LGBT rights in the United Kingdom **

Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom The right to freedom of religion in the United Kingdom is provided for in all three constituent legal systems, by devolved, national, European, and international law and treaty. Four constituent nations compose the United Kingdom, resulting in a ...

* High treason in the United Kingdom * Law enforcement in the United Kingdom ** Diplomatic Protection Group ** National Crime Agency **

Special Branch Special Branch is a label customarily used to identify units responsible for matters of national security and Intelligence (information gathering), intelligence in Policing in the United Kingdom, British, Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth, ...

* List of prisons in the United Kingdom *

United Kingdom prison population The United Kingdom has three distinct legal systems with a separate prison system in each: one for both England and Wales, one for Scotland, and one for Northern Ireland. Numbers of prisoners The total UK prison population was 83,618 (0.088% of th ...

Law of England and Wales

* Courts of England and Wales * Crown Prosecution Service *

His Majesty's Prison Service His Majesty's Prison Service (HMPS) is a part of HM Prison and Probation Service (formerly the National Offender Management Service), which is the part of His Majesty's Government charged with managing most of the prisons within England and Wale ...

* Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements *

National Offender Management Service His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) responsible for the correctional services in England and Wales. It was created in 2004 as the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) by combin ...

* National Probation Service *

Police Federation of England and Wales The Police Federation of England and Wales (PFEW) is the statutory staff association for police constables, sergeants, inspectors, chief inspectors and special constables in the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales. Under UK lab ...

Prison population of England and Wales The United Kingdom has three distinct legal systems with a separate prison system in each: one for both England and Wales, one for Scotland, and one for Northern Ireland. Numbers of prisoners The total UK prison population was 83,618 (0.088% of th ...

* Serious Fraud Office

Law of Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland law The law of Northern Ireland is the legal system of statute and common law operating in Northern Ireland since the partition of Ireland established Northern Ireland as a distinct jurisdiction in 1921. Prior to 1921, Northern Ireland was part of ...

Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland The Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland was established in 1998 as part of the Belfast Agreement, intended as a major step in the Northern Ireland peace process. Chaired by Conservative politician the Lord Patten of Barnes, it ...

Law of Scotland

Scots law Scots law () is the legal system of Scotland. It is a hybrid or mixed legal system containing civil law and common law elements, that traces its roots to a number of different historical sources. Together with English law and Northern Ireland l ...

* Courts of Scotland * Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service * Faculty of Advocates *

Scottish Police Federation The Scottish Police Federation (SPF) is an organisation representing Scottish police officers. It has approximately 18,500 members across the Police Service of Scotland. It campaigns on issues that affect pay and conditions though police officers ...

* Scottish Prison Service *

Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency The Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency (SCDEA) was a special police force of Scotland responsible for disrupting and dismantling serious organised crime groups. The Scottish Drug Enforcement Agency (SDEA) was established on 1 April 2001 ...

Infrastructure

Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom is characterised by universal access and generally good service quality. A salient feature of the sector in the United Kingdom compared to other developed countries is the diversity of insti ...

Regulatory bodies

* Advertising Standards Authority *

Financial Services Authority The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was a quasi-judicial body accountable for the financial regulation, regulation of the financial services industry in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2013. It was founded as the Securities and Investmen ...

or FSA *

Housing Corporation The Housing Corporation was the non-departmental public body that funded new affordable housing and regulated housing associations in England. It was established by the Housing Act 1964. On 1 December 2008, its functions were transferred to two n ...

* Office of Communications (Ofcom) * Office of the Water Regulator (Ofwat) * Press Complaints Commission * Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC)

Trade Union Federations

Irish Congress of Trades Unions The Irish Congress of Trade Unions (often abbreviated to just Congress or ICTU), formed in 1959 by the merger of the Irish Trades Union Congress (founded in 1894) and the Congress of Irish Unions (founded in 1945), is a national trade union centr ...

* Trades Union Congress * Scottish Trades Union Congress

Transport

Transport in the United Kingdom Transport in the United Kingdom is facilitated with road, air, rail, and water networks. A radial road network totals of main roads, of motorways and of paved roads. The National Rail network of 10,072 route miles (16,116 km) in Great B ...

British Rail British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was a state-owned company that operated most of the overground rail transport in Great Britain from 1948 to 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the Big Four British rai ...

Airports in the United Kingdom This list of airports in the United Kingdom is a partial list of public active aerodromes (airports and airfields) in the UK and the British Crown Dependencies. Most private airfields are not listed. For a list ranked by volume of traffic, see B ...

* Bus transport in the United Kingdom * Coach transport in the United Kingdom *

List of long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom There are hundreds of long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom designated in publications from public authorities, guidebooks and OS maps. They are mainly used for hiking and walking, but some may also be used, in whole or in part, for mou ...

Railway system Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prep ...

** History of rail transport ** List of railway viaducts in the United Kingdom ** Stations A-Z ** London Underground * Trams and Light Rail Trams and light rail systems *

Roads in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has a network of roads, of varied quality and capacity, totalling about . Road distances are shown in miles or yards and UK speed limits are indicated in miles per hour (mph) or by the use of the national speed limit (NSL) sy ...

British car number plates Vehicle registration plates (commonly referred to as "number plates" in British English) are the alphanumeric plates used to display the ''registration mark'' of a vehicle, and have existed in the United Kingdom since 1904. It is compulsory fo ...

** Great Britain road numbering scheme **

List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom :''This list is incomplete. You can help by adding correctly sourced information about other manufacturers.'' As of 2018 there are approximately 35 active British car manufacturers and over 500 defunct British car manufacturers. This page lists ...

** List of motorways in the United Kingdom ** Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom * Waterways in the United Kingdom ** British Waterways ** Waterways Ireland **

History of the British canal system History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

* Tunnels in the United Kingdom *

Cycleways in the United Kingdom Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where permitted, sidewalks. Roads used by motorists are also cycling infrastructure, except w ...

* Common Travel Area * Transport Scotland

Economy

Economy of the United Kingdom * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2008): 6th (sixth) * Economic history of the United Kingdom ** The Industrial Revolution ** The Great Depression in the United Kingdom * Financial services industry of the United Kingdom ** Banking in the United Kingdom ** Banks of the United Kingdom ***

Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of ...

*** Bank of Scotland ***

Royal Bank of Scotland The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (RBS; gd, Banca Rìoghail na h-Alba) is a major retail and commercial bank in Scotland. It is one of the retail banking subsidiaries of NatWest Group, together with NatWest (in England and Wales) and Ulster Bank ...

** London Stock Exchange ***

FTSE 100 Index The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie" , is a share index of the 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange with (in principle) the highest market ...

Private finance initiative The private finance initiative (PFI) was a United Kingdom government procurement policy aimed at creating "public–private partnerships" (PPPs) where private firms are contracted to complete and manage public projects. Initially launched in 199 ...

Currency of the United Kingdom Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...

pound sterling Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...

***

ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...

GBP Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...

*** British coinage ***

British banknotes Sterling banknotes are the banknotes in circulation in the United Kingdom and its related territories, denominated in pound sterling, pounds sterling (symbol: Pound sign, £; ISO 4217 currency code: GBP; traditional abbreviation: Stg.). Sterli ...

***

Pound sterling Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...

Communications in the United Kingdom Telecommunications in the United Kingdom have evolved from the early days of the telegraph to modern broadband and mobile phone networks with Internet services. History National Telephone Company (NTC) was a British telephone company from 188 ...

** Internet in the United Kingdom *

Companies of the United Kingdom A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared go ...

* Manufacturing in the United Kingdom ** Automotive industry in the United Kingdom **

Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom The aerospace industry of the United Kingdom is the second-largest national aerospace industry in the world (after the United States) and the largest in Europe by turnover, with a global market share of 17% in 2019. In 2020, the industry employed ...

** Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom * Construction industry of the United Kingdom * Mining in the United Kingdom ** North Sea oil * Energy in the United Kingdom ** Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom **

Energy policy of the United Kingdom The energy policy of the United Kingdom refers to the United Kingdom's efforts towards reducing energy intensity, reducing energy poverty, and maintaining energy supply reliability. The United Kingdom has had success in this, though energy int ...

***

Energy policy of Scotland Energy policy in Scotland is a matter that has been specifically reserved to the UK parliament under the terms of the Scotland Act 1998 that created the devolved Scottish Parliament. However, since planning is a matter that has been devolved, the S ...

* Legal services in the United Kingdom * Real estate in the United Kingdom * Tourism in the United Kingdom **

Tourism in England Tourism plays a significant part in the economic life of England. In 2018, the United Kingdom as a whole was the world's 10th most visited country for tourists, and 17 of the United Kingdom's 25 UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. V ...

** Tourism in Scotland ** Tourism in Wales **

Tourism in Northern Ireland The following list includes the tourist attractions on the island of Ireland which attract more than 100,000 visitors annually. It includes attractions in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Multi-county destinations/routes * Wild A ...

* Economy of London ** City of London

History

* History of the United Kingdom **

Timeline of British history __NOTOC__ This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, Histor ...

History of England England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk have indicated.; "Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk" (2014). BBC News. Retrieved 7 February ...

Social history of England English society comprises the group behaviour of the English people, and of collective social interactions, organisation and political attitudes in England. The social history of England evidences many social and societal changes over the histo ...

** Timeline of English history * History of Scotland ** Timeline of Scottish history * History of Wales * History of Northern Ireland **

Plantation of Ulster The Plantation of Ulster ( gle, Plandáil Uladh; Ulster-Scots: ''Plantin o Ulstèr'') was the organised colonisation (''plantation'') of Ulstera province of Irelandby people from Great Britain during the reign of King James I. Most of the sett ...

* History of the formation of the United Kingdom ** Treaty of Union **

Acts of Union 1707 The Acts of Union ( gd, Achd an Aonaidh) were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act 1707 passed by the Parliament of Scotland. They put into effect the te ...

Act of Union 1800 The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes incorrectly referred to as a single 'Act of Union 1801') were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Irela ...

* British Empire and the

Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...

* UK underground

History by period

Georgian era The Georgian era was a period in British history from 1714 to , named after the Hanoverian Kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the relatively short reign of Willi ...

* Victorian era * Edwardian era * First World War *

Interwar In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Second World War. The interwar period was relativel ...

* Second World War ** civilian ** military * Postwar ** political ** social * Since 1979 ** political ** social

Historical states of the British Isles

Ancient Britain Several species of humans have intermittently occupied Great Britain for almost a million years. The earliest evidence of human occupation around 900,000 years ago is at Happisburgh on the Norfolk coast, with stone tools and footprints prob ...

* Avalon * Roman Britain *

Caledonia Caledonia (; ) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Great Britain () that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all ...

* Hibernia * Kingdom of the Picts *

Kingdom of the Scots The Kingdom of Scotland (; , ) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a la ...

* Heptarchy *

States in Medieval Britain England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the Early Modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the eco ...

* Commonwealth of England * Kingdom of England *

Kingdom of Ireland The Kingdom of Ireland ( ga, label=Classical Irish, an Ríoghacht Éireann; ga, label=Modern Irish, an Ríocht Éireann, ) was a monarchy on the island of Ireland that was a client state of England and then of Great Britain. It existed from ...

* Kingdom of Scotland (when Picts and Scots merged in 843) * Kingdom of Great Britain (when England & Scotland merged in 1707); * United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (when Great Britain and Ireland merged in 1801)

By subject

* Economic history of the United Kingdom ** Economic history of Scotland *

Maritime history of the United Kingdom The Maritime history of the United Kingdom involves events including shipping, ports, navigation, and seamen, as well as marine sciences, exploration, trade, and maritime themes in the arts from the creation of the kingdom of Great Britain as a u ...

Maritime history of England The Maritime history of England involves events including shipping, ports, navigation, and seamen, as well as marine sciences, exploration, trade, and maritime themes in the arts of England. Until the advent of air transport and the creation of ...

Maritime history of Scotland The Maritime history of Scotland involves events including shipping, ports, navigation, and seamen, as well as marine sciences, exploration, trade, and maritime themes in the arts of Scotland. Royal Scots Navy James I was responsible for devel ...

* Military history of the United Kingdom ** Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II ** Bletchley Park * History of agriculture in Scotland *

History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents o ...

* History of Christianity in Scotland *

History of company law in the United Kingdom The history of company law in the United Kingdom concerns the change and development in UK company law within the context of the history of companies, deriving from its predecessors in Roman and English law. Company law in its current form date ...

* History of education in England *

History of education in Scotland The history of education in Scotland in its modern sense of organised and institutional learning, began in the Middle Ages, when Church choir schools and grammar schools began educating boys. By the end of the 15th century schools were also being ...

History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT, in the past sometimes called electric convulsion therapy, convulsion treatment or electroplexy) is a controversial psychiatric treatment in which seizures are induced with electricity.Carney S and Geddes J (2003) Edi ...

History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom The history of fire brigades in the United Kingdom charts the development of fire services in the United Kingdom from the creation of the United Kingdom to the present day. 19th century Between the 17th century and the beginning of the 19th ce ...

* History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom * History of football in England *

History of football in Scotland This article details the history of football in Scotland. Early history (pre 1867) The early history of games like football in Scotland is uncertain, but it is possible that variations reached Scotland from France or England. Games of "football ...

* History of labour law in the United Kingdom *

History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom The history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom charts the development of law enforcement in the United Kingdom. It spans the period from the Middle Ages, through to the development of the first modern police force in the world in the ninetie ...

* History of lidos in the United Kingdom * History of local government in the United Kingdom ** History of local government in England ** History of local government in Scotland ** History of local government in Wales *

History of medical regulation in the United Kingdom Medical regulation ensures that medicine is only practised by qualified and suitable people and can be used to prevent competition and increase financial compensation. The history of regulating doctors in the UK dates back around 600 years. T ...

* History of Megabus routes in the United Kingdom * History of metrication in the United Kingdom *

History of psychosurgery in the United Kingdom Psychosurgery is a surgical operation that destroys brain tissue in order to alleviate the symptoms of mental disorder. The lesions are usually, but not always, made in the frontal lobes. Tissue may be destroyed by cutting, burning, freezing, el ...

* History of rail transport in the United Kingdom *

History of rugby union in Scotland Rugby union in Scotland in its modern form has existed since the mid-19th century. As with the history of rugby union itself however, it emerged from older traditional forms of football which preceded the codification of the sport. In the same ma ...

* History of taxation in the United Kingdom * History of the Church of England *

* History of the formation of the United Kingdom *

History of the Green Party of England and Wales The Green Party of England and Wales has its roots in the PEOPLE Party started in Coventry in 1972/3 by four professional friends (Michael Benfield, Freda Sanders, Tony Whittaker and Lesley Whittaker). It then changed its name to the more descrip ...

History of the Jews in the United Kingdom For the history of the Jews in the United Kingdom, including the time before the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, see: * History of the Jews in England * History of the Jews in Scotland * History of the Jews in Northern Irelan ...

** History of the Jews in England *** History of the Jews in England (1066–1290) ** History of the Jews in Northern Ireland ** History of the Jews in Scotland ** History of the Jews in Wales * History of the Marranos in England *

History of rail transport in Great Britain :''This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series.'' The railway system of Great Britain started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in the 1560s. A patchwork of local rail links operated by s ...

History of rail transport in Ireland The history of rail transport in Ireland began only a decade later than that of Great Britain. By its peak in 1920, Ireland had 3,500 route miles (5,630 km). The current status is less than half that amount, with a large unserviced area arou ...

History of the Reformation in Scotland ''The History of the Reformation in Scotland'' is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566. Knox and his ''History'' In 1559 during the Scottish Reformation, the leaders of the Protestant nobility, t ...

* History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom * History of the trust movement in Scotland *

History of trial by jury in England The history of trial by jury in England is influential because many English and later British colonies adopted the English common law system in which trial by jury plays an important part. History A precursor to the jury trial was the Lafif in ...

History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom The history of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom is made up of assaults on gay men, lesbians, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersexed individuals (LGBTQI), legal responses to such violence, and hate crime statistics in the ...

Culture

Culture of the United Kingdom British culture is influenced by History of the United Kingdom, the combined nations' history; its historically Christianity, Christian Religion in the United Kingdom, religious life, its interaction with the cultures of Europe, the traditions o ...

British cuisine British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom. Historically, British cuisine meant "unfussy dishes made with quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces to accentuate flavou ...

** English cuisine ** Northern Irish cuisine ** Irish cuisine ** Scottish cuisine ** Welsh cuisine * List of festivals in the United Kingdom, Festivals in the United Kingdom * Gambling in the United Kingdom * British humour * Marriage in the United Kingdom ** Marriage in England and Wales ** Marriage in Northern Ireland ** Marriage in Scotland ** Civil partnership in the United Kingdom * Media of the United Kingdom * Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man ** Coat of arms of the United Kingdom ** Flag of the United Kingdom *** Union Jack ** National anthem of the United Kingdom * Prostitution in the United Kingdom * Public holidays in the United Kingdom * Religion in the United Kingdom ** Buddhism in the United Kingdom ** Christianity in the United Kingdom ** Hinduism in the United Kingdom ** Islam in the United Kingdom ** Judaism in the United Kingdom ** Sikhism in the United Kingdom * List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom, World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

Architecture

Architecture of the United Kingdom * List of cathedrals in England and Wales * Council houses * Energy efficiency in British housing * Housing associations * List of bridges in the United Kingdom * National House Building Council * New towns * Piers (England and Wales) * List of reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom, Reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom * Town and Country Planning in the United Kingdom

Architecture of England

* Abbeys and priories in England * List of crossings of the River Thames, Crossing the Thames, including tunnels * Historic houses in England *

Architecture of Scotland

* Abbeys and priories in Scotland

Architecture of Wales

* Abbeys and priories in Wales

Architecture of Northern Ireland

* Abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland

Gardens

* List of botanical gardens in the United Kingdom * Gardens in England * Gardens in Scotland * Gardens in Wales * Gardens in Northern Ireland

The arts

* Art of the United Kingdom ** Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom ** Pornography in the United Kingdom * British comedy * Cinema of the United Kingdom * Literature of the United Kingdom ** List of English writers * Music of the United Kingdom * Television in the United Kingdom * Theatre of the United Kingdom ** List of British playwrights ** List of theatres in the United Kingdom

Museums

* Museums in England * Museums in Northern Ireland * Museums in Scotland * Museums in Wales * List of British railway museums

Music

* Music of the United Kingdom ** List of music festivals in the United Kingdom

Popular music

* British pop music * British popular music * Early British popular music * British Invasion * New wave of British heavy metal * Britpop * List of one-hit wonders on the UK Singles Chart * United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest * Music Hall

Classical music

* BBC Symphony Orchestra * BBC National Orchestra of Wales * BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra * BBC Philharmonic Orchestra * City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) * Hallé Orchestra * Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra * Royal Philharmonic Orchestra * Royal Scottish National Orchestra * Philharmonia * London Symphony Orchestra * London Philharmonic Orchestra * Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra * Scottish Chamber Orchestra * The Proms * Opera in English, British opera * Ulster Orchestra

Folk music

* Folk music of England, Music of England * Music of Ireland, Music of Northern Ireland * Music of Scotland * Music of Wales

Theatre

* Royal Academy of Dramatic Art * Royal National Theatre * Laurence Olivier Awards * :Theatres in England, Theatres in England * :Theatres in Northern Ireland, Theatres in Northern Ireland * :Theatres in Scotland, Theatres in Scotland * :Theatres in Wales, Theatres in Wales

Film

Cinema of the United Kingdom * British Film Institute ** BFI Top 100 British films * National Film and Television Archive * British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) * British Independent Film Awards * Carry On films

Cultural icons

Land Rover Defender 110 XS TD DC 2015 - front

United Kingdom icons

* AEC Routemaster red double-decker bus * Baked beans * Basil Fawlty * ''The Beano'' * The Beatles * Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster, Big Ben chimes * Hackney carriage, Black Cab (hackney cab) * Boudica * Bowler hat * Britannia * Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British Monarchy * Britpop *

* Bulldog, British Bulldog * Cap of Maintenance * ''A Clockwork Orange (film), A Clockwork Orange'' * Cool Britannia * Concorde * ''Coronation Street'' * ''Crossroads (soap opera), Crossroads'' * Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom * Cutty Sark * ''Dad's Army'' * ''Doctor Who'' * Dig for Victory * ''EastEnders'' * England expects that every man will do his duty * Excalibur * ''Excalibur (comics)'' * ''Fawlty Towers'' * The Few, "Never was so much owed by so many to so few, ..so much owed by so many to so few" * Fish and chips * Football (soccer) * Frank Spencer (Michael Crawford), Frank Spencer * Full breakfast: Full English breakfast, Full English, Full breakfast#Ulster fry, Ulster fry, Full breakfast#Scotland, Scottish, Full breakfast#Wales, Welsh * ''Gentleman's Relish'' * God Save the Queen * Stalag Luft III#The "Great Escape" (1944), The Great Escape * Hackney carriage * Harry Potter * HP sauce * Hyacinth Bucket * ''The Italian Job'' * Jaffa Cakes * James Bond * John Bull * King Arthur * Land of Hope and Glory * Land Rover Defender * Last Night of the Proms * The Lion and the Unicorn * Lonsdale Belt * ''The Lord of the Rings'' * Marks & Spencer * Marmite * Mini * Miniskirt * Miss Marple * Mod (subculture), Mod * Monty Python * Morrissey * Page Three girl * Pantomime * Pint glass * Police box * Public house, Pub * Punk subculture, Punk * King's Guard * * Red Arrows * Red post boxes * Red telephone boxes * European robin, Robin * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars * Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom), Royal Warrant * Rule Britannia * Rugby football, Rugby * The Sex Pistols * Sherlock Holmes * Skinhead * Special Air Service (SAS) * Sten * Suffragettes * Supermarine Spitfire * Swinging Sixties * Tea (cup of) * Tea (meal) * Test Card F * ''Thunderbirds (TV series), Thunderbirds'' * Tommy Atkins (generic name for a British soldier) * Tommy helmet, Brodie helmet (helmet worn by the above) * Trooping the Colour * Twiglets * Umbrella * Union Flag * Climate of the United Kingdom, Weather * We shall never surrender, ..fight them on the beaches speech * ''Wallace and Gromit'' * Wellington boot * Winston Churchill * Woolworths Group plc

English icons

* 1966 FIFA World Cup squads#.C2.A0England, 1966 World cup squad * And did those feet in ancient time * ''Angel of the North'' * Bangers and mash * The Boat Race * Clapham Junction railway station, Clapham Junction * Cricket * Del Boy * ''Dixon of Dock Green'' * ''EastEnders'' * English rose (epithet), English rose * Full English breakfast * Jack the Ripper * King Arthur * London Bridge * London Eye * M25 motorway * Morris dance * ''Only Fools and Horses'' * Oxbridge * Premier League * Robin Hood * Saint George's Cross * Soho * Gravelly Hill Interchange, Spaghetti Junction * Status Quo (band), Status Quo * Stilton cheese * Stonehenge * There'll Always Be an England * Three Lions * Tower Bridge * Tube map * Tudor rose * Yeoman * Yeomen Warders * White Cliffs of Dover

Northern Irish icons

* Carrickfergus Castle * Free Derry * George Best * Giant's Causeway * Glens of Antrim * H-Blocks * Harland and Wolff * Hurling, administered by Ulster GAA * Mourne Mountains * Saint Patrick's Day

Scottish icons

* Alex Ferguson * Auld Lang Syne * Bagpipes * Ben Nevis * Billy Connolly * Dundee cake * Edinburgh Castle * Eilean Donan Castle * Flower of Scotland * Forth Bridge * Full Scottish breakfast * Great Highland bagpipe * Hackle * Haggis (with Rutabaga, neeps and Potato, tatties) * Highland games * Kilt * Loch Lomond * Loch Ness * Old Firm * Oatcake * Porridge * Robert the Bruce * Robert Burns * Saltire, St Andrew's Cross * Scotch whisky * Scotland the Brave * Scottish Premier League * Scots Wha Hae * Sgian-dubh * Shinty * Shortbread * Stirling Castle * Tam o' shanter (cap), Tam o' shanter * Tartan * Thistle * Trews * Tweed (cloth) * Unicorn * Up Helly Aa

Welsh icons

* Bryn Terfel * Cymraeg (Welsh language) * Daffodil * Eisteddfod inc. National Eisteddfod of Wales * Land of my Fathers * Laver bread * Leek * Rhondda, Rhondda Valley * Rugby union in Wales * Tom Jones (singer) * Welsh Dragon * Welsh rarebit * Welsh hat

Languages

Languages of the United Kingdom * English Language ** List of dialects of the English language, English dialects *** British English *** Regional accents of English speakers *** English language in England *** Scottish English *** Welsh English *** Ulster English *** Hiberno-English ** Comparison of American and British English ** Oxford English Dictionary * Celtic languages ** Welsh language, Welsh ** Scots Gaelic ** Irish language in Northern Ireland *** Ulster Irish ** Cornish language, Cornish ** Manx language, Manx * Scots language, Scots in Scotland and Ulster Scots language, Ulster * British Sign Language (BSL) * Romani language, Romany * Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi languages ** Gujarati language, Gujarati ** Telugu language, Telugu ** Tamil language, Tamil ** Hindi language, Hindi ** Punjabi language, Punjabi ** Urdu ** Bengali language, Bengali

People

Demography of the United Kingdom * British people ** Lists of Britons * English people ** List of English people * People of Northern Ireland * Scottish people ** List of Scots * Welsh people ** List of Welsh people * Cornish people ** List of people from Cornwall, List of Cornish people * List of blue plaques, List of people commemorated by blue plaques

Interest groups and societies

* British Professional Bodies * British Women's Institute, Women's Institute * List of learned societies#United Kingdom, List of UK learned societies * List of London's gentlemen's clubs * Pressure groups in the United Kingdom ** Fathers' rights movement in the UK

Religion

Religion in the United Kingdom * Religion in England * Religion in Northern Ireland * Religion in Scotland * Religion in Wales * Christianity ** Assemblies of God in Great Britain ** Church of England (the established church in England) ** Church of Scotland (the national church of Scotland) ** Church of Ireland ** Church in Wales ** Episcopal Church of Scotland ** Free Church of Scotland (post 1900) ** Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) ** Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster ** Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland ** Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Presbyterian Church of Wales ** General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches ** Methodism ** Open Brethren ** Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland ** Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales ** Roman Catholic Church in Scotland ** Coptic Orthodox Church in Britain and Ireland ** United Reformed Church ** Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) ** The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * Hinduism in the United Kingdom ** Hinduism in England ** Hinduism in Northern Ireland ** Hinduism in Scotland ** Hinduism in Wales * Islam in the United Kingdom ** Islam in England ** Islam in Northern Ireland ** Islam in Scotland ** Islam in Wales * Judaism ** History of the Jews in England ** History of the Jews in Scotland * Sikhism in the United Kingdom ** Sikhism in England ** Sikhism in Scotland * Buddhism in the United Kingdom ** Buddhism in England ** Buddhism in Scotland * Druidry, Druidism * Other ** Atheism/ Irreligion ** Jedi census phenomenon, Jedi ** Scientology in the United Kingdom ** Status of religious freedom in the United Kingdom

Sports, games, and pastimes

Sport in the United Kingdom The following are the major sports; local groups may well play many others.

Angling

* National Federation of Anglers * National Federation of Sea Anglers * Salmon and Trout Association

Chess

* English Chess Federation * Scottish Chess Championship

Cricket

* Cricket in England ** 2005 English cricket season ** England cricket team ** Marylebone Cricket Club ** County cricket * Cricket in Scotland ** Scotland national cricket team * Cricket in Wales ** England cricket team ** Wales national cricket team * Cricket in Ireland ** Ireland cricket team

Hiking

* Long-distance footpaths in the UK * Ramblers' Association

Association football

* British Home Championship * Football in England, England ** The Football Association ** English national football team ** FA Premier League ** The Football League ** FA Cup ** English football league system ** National League System * Football in Scotland, Scotland ** Scottish Football Association ** Scotland national football team, Scottish national football team ** List of Scottish Football Clubs ** Scottish Football League ** Scottish Premier League ** Highland Football League ** East of Scotland Football League ** South of Scotland Football League ** Scottish Junior Football Association ** North Caledonian Football League ** Scottish Cup * Association football in Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland ** Irish Football Association (not to be confused with the Football Association of Ireland) ** Northern Ireland national football team ** Irish Football League (not to be confused with the League of Ireland) * Football in Wales, Wales ** Football Association of Wales ** Wales National Football Team, Welsh national team ** League of Wales

Polo

* Hurlingham Polo Association

Rugby

* Rugby union ** Rugby union in England, England *** Rugby Football Union **** England national rugby union team **** Guinness Premiership **** National Division One ** Rugby union in Wales, Wales *** Welsh Rugby Union **** Wales national rugby union team **** Pro14 **** Welsh Premier Division ** Rugby union in Scotland, Scotland *** Scottish Rugby Union **** Scotland national rugby union team **** Pro14 ** Rugby union in Ireland, Northern Ireland *** Irish Rugby Football Union **** Ireland national rugby union team **** Pro14 ** Calcutta Cup ** Powergen Cup ** British and Irish Lions * Rugby league ** Rugby league in England, England *** Rugby Football League ** Rugby league in Ireland, Northern Ireland *** Rugby League Ireland ** Rugby league in Scotland, Scotland *** Scotland Rugby League ** Rugby league in Wales, Wales ** Great Britain national rugby league team, Great Britain ** Challenge Cup

Sport rowing

* Boat Race (Oxford vs Cambridge) * Henley Royal Regatta

Skiing

* Ski Club of Great Britain

Other sports, games, and pastimes

Olympic Park, London, 14 June 2011 (2) cropped

* London Olympics * Bowls * Curling * Darts * English billiards * Eton Wall Game * Fives (including Eton Fives) * British Gliding Association * Horse racing in Great Britain * Tennis, Lawn tennis * Shinty * Skittles (sport), Skittles * Snooker * Motorsport in the United Kingdom, Motorsport

Education

* Education in the United Kingdom ** Schools in the United Kingdom *** Preparatory school (UK), Preparatory school *** Grammar schools in the United Kingdom *** Independent school (UK) *** List of schools in the United Kingdom *** School years ** Universities in the United Kingdom *** British undergraduate degree classification *** List of universities in the United Kingdom *** National Union of Students (United Kingdom), National Union of Students of the United Kingdom

Education in England

* Education in England :* Academy (England) :* General Teaching Council for England :* List of schools in England :* List of universities in England :* National Curriculum for England

Education in Northern Ireland

* Education in Northern Ireland :* List of schools in Northern Ireland :* Northern Ireland Curriculum

Education in Scotland

* Education in Scotland :* Curriculum for Excellence :* Educational Institute of Scotland :* General Teaching Council for Scotland :* Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education :* List of schools in Scotland ::* List of independent schools in Scotland :* List of universities in Scotland :* Students' representative council :* Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association :* Scottish Qualifications Authority

Education in Wales

* Education in Wales :* List of schools in Wales :* Curriculum for Wales (2022 to present), National Curriculum for Wales

References

External links

* * * of the British Monarchy * of the United Kingdom Government * of the national tourism agency (VisitBritain) {{DEFAULTSORT:United Kingdom Outlines of countries, United Kingdom United Kingdom, 1 United Kingdom-related lists,

General reference

Countries of the United Kingdom, Dependencies, Territories and Commonwealth

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Related topics

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