Outline of Somaliland
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outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...
is provided as an overview and topical guide to Somaliland:
Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...
– is an internationally unrecognised country. The
government of Somaliland The Government of Somaliland (JSL) ( so, Dowladda Somaliland or Xukuumada Somaliland, ar, حكومة صوماليلاند) is the central government of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland consists of legislative, executive, and judicial ...
regards the territory as the successor state to the
British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British Empire, British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Soma ...
protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over m ...
, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the
State of Somaliland The State of Somaliland (, ) was a short-lived independent country in the territory of present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland. It existed on the territory of former British Somaliland for five days between 26 June 1960 and 1 ...
, before voluntarily uniting with the
Trust Territory of Somalia The Trust Territory of Somaliland, officially the "Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration" ( it, Amministrazione fiduciaria italiana della Somalia), was a United Nations Trust Territory situated in present-day Somalia. Its ca ...
(the former
Italian Somaliland Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, الصومال الإيطالي, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centur ...
) later the same week to form the Somali Republic.Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835


General reference

* Common English country name:
Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...
* Official English country name: The
Republic of Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still consid ...
* Common
endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
(s): ** so, Somaliland ** ar, أرض الصومال * Common
endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
(s): * Official endonym(s): * Adjectival(s): Somali *
Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
(s): Somalilander; *
ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...
: ** *
ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...
: ** *
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all t ...
: None


Geography of Somaliland

* Somaliland is: a
country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...
* Location: **
Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pol ...
, on the
Equator The equator is a circle of latitude, about in circumference, that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can als ...
**
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
***
East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...
****
Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...
**
Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, Commerce, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between Country, countries and their Administrative division, subdivisions instead of ...
:
East Africa Time East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. The time zone is three hours ahead of UTC ( UTC+03:00), which is the same as Moscow Time, Arabia Standard Time, Further-eastern European Time and Eastern European Summer Time. As ...
(
UTC+03 UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...
) ** Extreme points of Somaliland *** High:
Shimbiris Mount Shimbiris is the highest peak in Somaliland. It has an elevation of above sea level. It is located in the Al Madow mountain range in the Sanaag region. SRTM data shows that its often-quoted elevation of is slightly low. There is no vehi ...
*** Low:
Guban The Guban ( so, Guban, 'burnt' or 'burned') is the indigenous name for northwestern Somaliland. References *Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007"The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."Engineer Resea ...
** Land boundaries: :: 60 km :: 766 km :: 402 km :* Coastline: 850,800 km * Population of Somaliland: 3.5 million * Area of Somaliland: 176,120  km2 * Atlas of Somaliland


Environment of Somaliland

* Climate of Somaliland * Environmental issues in Somaliland * Ecoregions in Somaliland * Protected areas of Somaliland **
National parks of Somaliland National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...
* Wildlife of Somaliland ** Flora of Somaliland ** Fauna of Somaliland *** Birds of Somaliland


Natural geographic features of Somaliland

* Glaciers in Somaliland: none * Rivers of Somaliland


Ecoregions of Somaliland

List of ecoregions in Somaliland


Location of Somaliland

* Republic of Somaliland is situated within the following regions: **
Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pol ...
and Southern Hemisphere **
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
****
Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...
***** Republic of Somaliland is regarded internationally as a fully autonomous country claimed by Somalia, although it meets all criteria of Montevideo Convention. ** Time zone:
East Africa Time East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. The time zone is three hours ahead of UTC ( UTC+03:00), which is the same as Moscow Time, Arabia Standard Time, Further-eastern European Time and Eastern European Summer Time. As ...
(
UTC+03 UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...
)


Administrative divisions of Somaliland

Administrative divisions of Somaliland The administrative division of Somaliland are organized into three hierarchical levels. consists of 6 regions and 22 districts. Districts in turn contain villages. In addition, the capital Hargeisa has its own law (capital law) that is differe ...
*
Regions of Somaliland The regions of Somaliland ( so, Gobolada Somaliland; ar, محافظات صوماليلاند) is divided into six administrative regions, Awdal, Sahil, Maroodi-Jeeh, Togdheer, Sanaag and Sool. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-two ...
**
Districts of Somaliland The Districts of Somaliland (also known as local government districts) are second-level administrative subdivisions of Somaliland, below the level of region. There are a total of 22 district, each district is rated A, B, C, or D according to p ...
***
Cities in Somaliland A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...


= Regions of Somaliland

=
Regions of Somaliland The regions of Somaliland ( so, Gobolada Somaliland; ar, محافظات صوماليلاند) is divided into six administrative regions, Awdal, Sahil, Maroodi-Jeeh, Togdheer, Sanaag and Sool. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-two ...
*
Awdal Awdal ( so, Awdal, ar, أودَل) is an administrative region (''Administrative divisions of Somaliland, gobol'') in western Somaliland. It was separated from Woqooyi Galbeed and became a province in 1984 and is the most northwesterly provinc ...
* Maroodi Jeeh * Sahil *
Sool Sool ( so, Sool, ar, صول) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in south eastern Somaliland/north western Somalia. It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city ...
*
Togdheer Togdheer ( so, Togdheer, ar, تُوْجْدَيْر, Tūjdayr) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool to the east and ...
*
Sanaag Sanag ( so, Sanaag, ar, سَنَاج) is an administrative region (''Administrative divisions of Somaliland, gobol'') in north eastern Somaliland.Sheikh Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...
*
Berbera Berbera (; so, Barbara, ar, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa. It ...
* Baki *
Borama Borama ( so, Boorama, ar, بورما) is the Second capital city of Somaliland and the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia. During the Mid ...
*
Zeila Zeila ( so, Saylac, ar, زيلع, Zayla), also known as Zaila or Zayla, is a historical port town in the western Awdal region of Somaliland. In the Middle Ages, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela identified Zeila (or Hawilah) with the Bibli ...
*
Lughaya Lughaya ( ar, لوغهيا) is a small coastal town in the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. Demographics The broader Lughaya District has a total population of 101,104 residents. The town is mainly inhabited by the Mahad 'Ase subclan o ...
*
Aynabo Aynaba, also spelt Ainabo, Ainaba or Aynabo ( so, Caynaba, ) is a major town in western Sool region of Somaliland as well as the administrative seat of the Aynaba District. Aynaba is known for its watering wells and for its good and abundant fresh ...
*
Las Anod Las Anod ( so, Laascaanood; ar, لاسعانود) is the administrative capital of the Sool region of Somaliland. Territorial dispute The city is disputed by Puntland and Somaliland. The former bases its claim due to the kinship ties between ...
*
Taleh Taleh ( so, Taleex, ar, تليح) is a historical town in the eastern Sool region of Somaliland. As of September 2015, both Puntland and Somaliland had nominal influence or control in Taleh and it's vicinity. The town served as the capital ...
* Hudun * Odweyne *
Buhoodle Buuhoodle ( so, Buuhoodle, ar, بووهودل), also known as Bohotle, is the second largest city in the Togdheer region of Somaliland and also the capital of the Cayn region under Puntland. It is a prominent border town for movements of goods t ...
*
Gabiley Gabiley ( so, Gabiley, ar, غابيلي), also known as Gebiley, is a city in the Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. Gabiley is located 58 km west of Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland. It is in the center of the Gabiley district, bounded ...
*
Hargeisa Hargeisa (; so, Hargeysa, ar, هرجيسا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is located in the Maroodi Jeex region of the Horn of Africa. It succeeded Burco as the capital of the British Somaliland Protector ...
*
Burao Burao, also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao (; so, Burco, , ar, برعو) is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was also the third largest city of Somalia. Burao was the site of the declaration of an in ...
*
El Afweyn El Afweyn ( so, Ceelafweyn, ) is a town in the Sanaag region of Somaliland. El Afweyn is a major historical town in western Sanaag region and sits at the major road connecting the cities of Burao and Erigavo. By road, the town is approximately 28 ...
*
Erigavo Erigavo ( so, Ceerigaabo, ), also spelled as Erigabo, is the capital and largest city of the Sanaag region of Somaliland. History The Erigavo settlement is several centuries old. The surrounding area was supposedly built by the Madigan Dir. ...
* Lasqoray


= Cities in Somaliland

= The main cities and towns in Somaliland: *
Hargeisa Hargeisa (; so, Hargeysa, ar, هرجيسا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is located in the Maroodi Jeex region of the Horn of Africa. It succeeded Burco as the capital of the British Somaliland Protector ...
(Hargeysa), capital *
Boorama Borama ( so, Boorama, ar, بورما) is the Second capital city of Somaliland and the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia. During the Mi ...
(Borama) *
Berbera Berbera (; so, Barbara, ar, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa. It ...
*
Burco Burao, also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao (; so, Burco, , ar, برعو) is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was also the third largest city of Somalia. Burao was the site of the declaration of an in ...
(Burao) *
Ceerigaabo Erigavo ( so, Ceerigaabo, ), also spelled as Erigabo, is the capital and largest city of the Sanaag region of Somaliland. History The Erigavo settlement is several centuries old. The surrounding area was supposedly built by the Madigan Dir. ...
(Erigabo) *
Dilla Dilla is a town located in the western Awdal region of Somaliland. It lies between the city of Borama and Kalabaydh Kalabaydh is a town which is part of the Maroodi Jeex Marodi Jeh ( so, Maroodi Jeex, ar, مرودي جيح) is an adminis ...
*
Las Anod Las Anod ( so, Laascaanood; ar, لاسعانود) is the administrative capital of the Sool region of Somaliland. Territorial dispute The city is disputed by Puntland and Somaliland. The former bases its claim due to the kinship ties between ...
(Laascaanood) *
Gabiley Gabiley ( so, Gabiley, ar, غابيلي), also known as Gebiley, is a city in the Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. Gabiley is located 58 km west of Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland. It is in the center of the Gabiley district, bounded ...
(Gabileh) *
Baligubadle Baligubadle is a town in the southern Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland.
*
Zeila Zeila ( so, Saylac, ar, زيلع, Zayla), also known as Zaila or Zayla, is a historical port town in the western Awdal region of Somaliland. In the Middle Ages, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela identified Zeila (or Hawilah) with the Bibli ...
(Saylac) * Odweyne *
Yubbe Yubbe (also known as Yobe, Yube, Yubeh and Yubbe Tug) is a town in the Sanaag of Somaliland .http://www.maplandia.com/somalia/sanaag/Badhan-Badhan/yube/ There is a Somaliland military base. History Archaeology A desert town mostly inhabited b ...
* Badhan * Lasqoray


Demography of Somaliland

Demographics of Somaliland


Presidents of the Somaliland

*
Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur Abd al-Rahman ( ar, عبد الرحمن, translit=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān or occasionally ; DMG ''ʿAbd ar-Raḥman''; also Abdul Rahman) is a male Arabic Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' Abd'', '' ...
: 1991–1993 *
Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal ( so, Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal, ar, محمد الحاج ابراهيم عقال; August 15, 1928 – May 3, 2002) was a Somali politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 1993 to his death in 2002. H ...
: 1993–2002 *
Dahir Riyale Kahin Dahir Riyale Kahin ( so, Daahir Riyaale Kaahin, ar, ظاهر ريالي كاهن) (born 12 March 1952) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010. He previously served as a senior officer in the National Secur ...
: 2002–2010 *
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo" ( so, Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud Siilaanyo, ar, احمد محمد محمود سيلانيو) (born 1938) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2010–2017. He is a long-time member of the go ...
: 2010–2017 *
Muse Bihi Abdi Musa Bihi Abdi ( so, Muuse Biixi Cabdi, ar, موسى بيحي عبدي) (born 1948 in Hargeisa, British Somaliland, now Somaliland) is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who has been President of Somaliland since December 2017. ...
: 2017–


Government and politics of Somaliland

Politics of Somaliland The politics of Somaliland take place within a hybrid system of governance, which, under the Somaliland constitution, combines traditional and western institutions. The constitution separates government into an executive branch, a legislative ...
*
Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
: *
Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
of Somaliland:
Hargeisa Hargeisa (; so, Hargeysa, ar, هرجيسا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is located in the Maroodi Jeex region of the Horn of Africa. It succeeded Burco as the capital of the British Somaliland Protector ...
*
Elections in Somaliland Somaliland elects on national level a head of state (the president) and a legislature. The president is elected by the people for a five-year term. The Parliament (''Baarlamaanka'') has two chambers. The House of Representatives (''Golaha Waki ...
*
Political parties in Somaliland Somaliland has a multi-party system, with a constitutional limit of three official parties at the national level (determined for a 10-year period at the beginning of each decade based on municipal election results, in which more parties are allowe ...


Branches of the government of Somaliland

Government of Somaliland The Government of Somaliland (JSL) ( so, Dowladda Somaliland or Xukuumada Somaliland, ar, حكومة صوماليلاند) is the central government of Somaliland. The Government of Somaliland consists of legislative, executive, and judicial ...


Executive branch of the government of Somaliland

*
Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
and
head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...
, 5th President of Somaliland,
Muse Bihi Abdi Musa Bihi Abdi ( so, Muuse Biixi Cabdi, ar, موسى بيحي عبدي) (born 1948 in Hargeisa, British Somaliland, now Somaliland) is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who has been President of Somaliland since December 2017. ...
** 6th Vice President of Somaliland,
Abdirahman Saylici Abdirahman Abdallahi Ismail Saylici ( so, Cabdiraxmaan Cabdilaahi Ismaaciil Saylici) (born 28 October 1956) is a Somaliland politician who has been Vice President of Somaliland, after winning the election of 2010 together with Ahmed Mohamed Moh ...
*
Cabinet of Somaliland The politics of Somaliland take place within a hybrid system of governance, which, under the Somaliland constitution, combines traditional and western institutions. The constitution separates government into an executive branch, a legislative ...


Legislative branch of the government of Somaliland

*
Parliament of Somaliland The Parliament of Somaliland consists of two chambers: *The House of Elders (Upper Chamber) *The House of Representatives (Lower Chamber) The current speakership position was established in the 1990s, following the formation of the Somaliland ...
(
bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...
)


Judicial branch of the government of Somaliland

Judiciary of Somaliland The judiciary of Somaliland ( so, Garsoorka Somaliland; ar, السلطة القضائية في صوماليلاند)is the judicial branch of the Somaliland government. Mandated by the 1997 Constitution, the judiciary is responsible for overseei ...


Foreign relations of Somaliland

Foreign relations of Somaliland Foreign relations of the Republic of Somaliland are the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Somaliland.
*
Diplomatic missions in Somaliland Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, p ...
*
Diplomatic missions of Somaliland This list lists the representative offices of Somaliland. Somaliland is a ''de facto'' independent republic, but its independence remains unrecognised by any country or international organisation. All countries recognise Somaliland as part of S ...


International organization membership

* ''None''CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia
/ref>


Law and order in Somaliland

Judiciary of Somaliland The judiciary of Somaliland ( so, Garsoorka Somaliland; ar, السلطة القضائية في صوماليلاند)is the judicial branch of the Somaliland government. Mandated by the 1997 Constitution, the judiciary is responsible for overseei ...
* Alcohol in Somaliland * Cannabis in Somaliland * Capital punishment in Somaliland *
Constitution of Somaliland The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland ( so, Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; ar, دستور جمهورية صوماليلاند) is the supreme source of national law of Somaliland, adopted by the Houses of the Parliament of So ...
* Crime in Somaliland ** Kidnapping and hostage taking in Somaliland * Human rights in Somaliland **
LGBT rights in Somaliland Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Somaliland face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Somaliland has been a Muslim-majority nation with harsh societal rules. It is dangerous for LGBT people, who face u ...
* Law enforcement in Somaliland * Marriage in Somaliland **
Polygamy in Somaliland Under law, polygamy is legal in the country of Somalia. See also *Legal status of polygamy * Polygamy in Islam References Society of Somalia Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال ...
*
Xeer ''Xeer'' (pronounced ) is the traditional legal system of Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, Somali Region, and the North Eastern Province in Kenya. One of the three systems from which formal Somali law draws its inspiration, the others being civil ...


Military of Somaliland

Military of Somaliland The Somaliland National Armed Forces ( so, Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliland; ar, القوات المسلحة الصوماليلاندية, alquaat almusalahat alsuwmalilandia) are the military services of Republic of Somaliland. The Somal ...
* Command ** Commander-in-chief:
Nuh Ismail Tani General Nuh Ismail Tani is the Chief of Staff of Somaliland Armed Forces. He hails from the Jibril Abokor, a Sa'ad Musa sub-division of the Habr Awal Isaaq clan that predominantly inhabits the Gabiley region. Chief of Staff He was appointed as ...
*** Ministry of Defence of Somaliland * Forces ** Army of Somaliland ** Navy of Somaliland **
National Intelligence Agency (Somaliland) The National Intelligence Agency of Somaliland (NIA) is Somaliland's intelligence agency, established in 2012 by President Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud and approved by the Parliament of Somaliland in 2013. The head of the agency is the Director Gen ...


Local government in Somaliland

Local government in Somaliland


History of Somaliland

History of Somaliland The history of Somaliland, a country in the eastern Horn of Africa bordered by the Gulf of Aden, and the East African land mass, begins with human habitation tens of thousands of years ago. It includes the civilizations of Punt, the Ottomans, a ...
*
State of Somaliland The State of Somaliland (, ) was a short-lived independent country in the territory of present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland. It existed on the territory of former British Somaliland for five days between 26 June 1960 and 1 ...
*
Somaliland Declaration of Independence The Somaliland Declaration of Independence (formally Republic of Somaliland) was proclaimed on 18 May 1991 by Somali Sultans from the Isaaq, Dhulbahante, Issa (clan), Issa, Gadabursi, Warsangali clans and the Somali National Movement.https://oxf ...
2001 Somaliland constitutional referendum * 2001 Somaliland constitutional referendum * Current events of Somaliland *
Puntland–Somaliland dispute The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the provinces of Sool, Sanaag and the Buuhoodle district of Togdheer region between the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and the Puntland state of Somalia. Background 1894 border ...


Culture of Somaliland

Culture of Somaliland * Architecture of Somaliland * Cuisine of Somaliland *
Languages of Somaliland Most people in Somaliland speak at least two of the state's three official languages: Somali, Arabic, and English. Article 6 of the Constitution of 2001 designates the official languages of Somaliland to be Somali and English, though Arabic is a ...
* Media in Somaliland * National symbols of Somaliland **
Coat of arms of Somaliland A coat typically is an outer clothing, garment for the upper body as worn by either gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front and closing by means of Button (clothing), buttons, zippers, Velcro, ...
**
Flag of Somaliland A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design emp ...
** National anthem of Somaliland * Public holidays in Somaliland * Religion in Somaliland ** Islam in Somaliland ** Christianity in Somaliland *** Roman Catholicism in Somaliland


Art in Somaliland

*
Somali art Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary. These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, woodcarving and other genres. Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a res ...
* Cinema of Somaliland ** Somaliwood * Literature of Somaliland * Music of Somaliland


Sports in Somaliland

Sports in Somaliland *
Somaliland national football team The Somaliland national football team is the Association football, football team that represents Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as a ''de facto'' state. Although Somaliland is a ''de facto'' state, it has ...
* Somaliland League * Somaliland Cup * Somaliland Football * Somaliland national basketball team


Economy and infrastructure of Somaliland

Economy of Somaliland The Economy of Somaliland largely relies on primary production and agriculture, where livestock is the main export of the country, which it ships to neighbouring Djibouti and Ethiopia, as well as to Gulf states, such as UAE, Saudi Arabia and Oma ...
*
Agriculture in Somalia Agriculture in Somalia ( so, Beeraha Soomaaliya) is a major employment activity and is the largest economic sector in the country. It contributes more than 65% to the national GDP from domestic distribution and exports to other parts of the contin ...
* Banking in Somaliland **
Bank of Somaliland The Bank of Somaliland ( so, Baanka Somaliland, ) is the central bank of Somaliland.Companies of Somaliland * Currency of Somaliland:
Shilling The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence o ...
**
ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...
: None * Economic history of Somaliland * Energy in Somaliland * Health care in Somaliland * Mining in Somaliland * Somaliland Stock Exchange * Tourism in Somaliland * Telecommunications in Somaliland * Transport in Somaliland **
Airports in Somaliland An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...


Education in Somaliland

Education in Somaliland Education in Somaliland is provided in public and private schools. Education is Somaliland is managed by Ministry of Education and Science which controls the development and administration of state schools, it's also has an advisory and superv ...
* National Library of Somaliland *
Universities in Somaliland A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...


See also

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...
* Index of Somaliland-related articles *
List of international rankings This is a list of international rankings. By category Agriculture *List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities * List of countries by apple production *List of countries by apricot production *List of countries by artichoke pr ...
* List of Somaliland-related topics *
Outline of Africa The following Outline (list), outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the continent Africa: Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. It is famous for its savanna, its jungles, and t ...
*
Outline of geography The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography: Geography – study of earth and its people. Nature of geography Geography as * an academic discipline – a body of knowledge given to − ...


References


External links


Somaliland official website

Democracy Comes of Age in Somaliland
Contemporary Review, 2005, Stefan Simanowitz
Somaliland BBC Country Profile

Somaliland - Interest free but not yet Shari’ah-compliant economy


February 4, 2004 led by
Tony Worthington William Anthony Worthington (born 11 October 1941), known as Tony Worthington, is a retired politician in the United Kingdom. Early life He was brought up in Lincoln, attending the City School (a boys' grammar school) on Monks Road in Linco ...

Somaliland recognition finds enhanced support
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somaliland 1
Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...