|
Puntland–Somaliland Dispute
The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the provinces of Sool, Sanaag and the Buuhoodle district of Togdheer region between the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and the Puntland state of Somalia. Background 1894 border The territory was historically part of British Somaliland, a British protectorate that granted independence in 1960 and then formed a union with neighboring Italian colony Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. When the Somaliland War of Independence was concluded and the Somali Civil War broke out, Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991 as a successor state to the British protectorate and declared independence from Somalia. The dispute started in 1998, when Puntland was formed as an autonomous state of Somalia and declared the region as part of its territory based on tribal affiliation of the locals. Clan border Puntland claims Sool, Sanaag and Cayn based on kinship ties with the regions' dominant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Civil War
The Somali Civil War ( so, Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya; ar, الحرب الأهلية الصومالية ) is an ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups,Ken Menkhaus,Local Security Systems in Somali East Africa' in Andersen/Moller/Stepputat (eds.), Fragile States and Insecure People,' Palgrave, 2007, 73. including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups overthrew the Barre government in 1991. Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum and turmoil that followed, particularly in the south. In 1990–92, customary law temporarily collapsed due to the fighting. This precipitated the arrival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somaliland War Of Independence
The Somaliland War of Independence ( so, Dagaalkii Xoraynta Soomaaliland, lit=Somaliland Liberation War) was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the Isaaq. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. During the ongoing conflict between the forces of the Somali National Movement and the Somali Army, the Somali government's genocidal campaign against the Isaaq took place between May 1988 and March 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabelle Media Network
Shabelle Media Network (SMN) is a radio and television news organization based in Mogadishu, Somalia. History The Shabelle Media Network was founded in 2002 in Merca, Somalia by a group of young Somali intellectuals. Its mission was to ensure that Somalis around the world remain abreast of developments within the Somali community and in touch with each other. The network's first phase was focused on airing to Africa, Asia and Australia via Thaicom 3 satellite. In 2005, it expanded to include satellite broadcasts to North America and Europe. SMN's Radio Shabelle slowly grew to become one of Somalia's most respected privately owned radio stations, airing from 6 a.m. to midnight. It later relocated its headquarters to the national capital, Mogadishu. Prior to Mogadishu's pacification by the Somali National Army in mid-2011, the independent Radio Shabelle, among other Somali media outlets, was frequently targeted by Islamist militants. Among the casualties during this most volatil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somalia War (2006–2009)
{{Dab ...
War in Somalia can refer to: *Somali Civil War (1991–present) :*War in Somalia (1992–1993) U.N. Unified Task Force :*Somalia War (2006–2009), Ethiopian intervention :*Somali Civil War (2009–present) The Somali Civil War (2009–present) is a phase of the Somali Civil War which is concentrated in southern and central Somalia. It began in late January 2009 with the conflict mainly between the forces of the Federal Government of Somalia ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transitional Federal Government
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, الحكومة الاتحادية الانتقالية) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia was inaugurated. Succeeding the Transitional National Government (TNG), the TFG was the second interim administration aiming to restore national institutions to Somalia after the 1991 collapse of the Siad Barre regime and the ensuing civil war. The TFG was established as one of the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs) of government as defined in the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC) adopted in November 2004 by the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP). Background Legal structure of Somalia The legal structure in Somalia was divided along three lines: religious law, traditional clan law and civil law. Religious law Following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadaftimo
Hadaftimo ( so, Hadaaftimo) is an historic town in the eastern Sanaag region. It is home to several archaeological sites and ancient buildings. There is a Puntland military base. History Hadaftimo is an old town. During the British Somaliland, four settlements were identified in the vicinity: Buraan in the Sool Plateau, El Dahir, Xubeera, Hadaftimo in the Gebi Valley. Around 1990, the Somali National Movement attacked Hadaftimo, a home of the Warsangeli clan, causing a large number of refugees. However, this attack was later condemned by Somali National Movement leaders. In mid-1992, an Islamist militant group Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI) moved into the Sanaag region, and the Warsangali clan held a meeting in Hadaftimo and resolved to unify Somalia and prevent the AIAI from entering. According to a report in 1993, Hadaftimo had a population of 4,000 and only one source of drinking water. There are six elementary schools with a total of 260 students. Hadaftimo along with E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yubbe
Yubbe (also known as Yobe, Yube, Yubeh and Yubbe Tug) is a town in the Sanaag of Somaliland .http://www.maplandia.com/somalia/sanaag/Badhan-Badhan/yube/ There is a Somaliland military base. History Archaeology A desert town mostly inhabited by nomads, Yubbe is home to numerous old archaeological structures. While visiting the locality in the 19th century, the British explorer John Hanning Speke described having seen various tumuli. Of these, he reported that one contained "a hollow compartment propped up by beams of timber, at the bottom of which, buried in the ground, were several earthenware pots, some leaden coins, a ring of gold such as the Indian Mussulman women wear in their noses, and various other miscellaneous property."John Hanning Speke, ''What led to the discovery of the source of the Nile'', (Blackwood: 1864), p.68. Somali Civil War On June 18, 1991, just after the start of the Somali civil war, an inter-clan meeting was held in Yubbe at the call from Warsangali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body, or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people in order to establish a law or change an existing law. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme legitimate authority over some polity. In international law, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a state. ''De jure'' sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; ''de facto'' sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization. Etymology The term arises from the unattested Vulgar Latin's ''*superanus'', (itself derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatumo State
Khatumo State ( so, Khaatumo; ar, ولاية خاتمة, translit=wilāyat khātimah), officially the Khatumo State of Somalia ( so, Dowlad Goboleedka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya), was a successor to the SSC Movement. Centred on the Sool, Sanaag regions and the Buuhoodle district of Togdheer region, its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 2012. By 2015 the state ceased to function and on 20 October 2017 in Aynaba, an agreement was signed between Khatumo President and the Somaliland government which stipulated the amendment of Somaliland's constitution and to re-integrate the territory into Somaliland. However, Vice President Khatumo expressed his disagreement with the agreement and remains actively opposed to Somaliland. History Establishment ''Khatumo'' is derived from an Arabic term meaning a "positive conclusion." The administration's stated aim was to bring development and stability to the region through the establishment of a locally based government. Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HBM-SSC
SSC or HMB-SSC ( so, Haggaanka Mideynta iyo Badbaadinta Gobolada SSC ee Soomalia, Unity and Salvation Authority of the SSC regions of Somalia) or HBM-SSC ( so, Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC) was the name of the self-proclaimed autonomous government of the Dhulbahante clan living between Somaliland and Puntland, which was active from 2009 to around 2012. It claimed possession of the so-called SSC regions of Sool(S), Sanaag(S), and Cayn(C). Initially, the HBM-SSC's goal was to become a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Somalia with the support of the foreign diaspora. Still, it was not recognized by both neighboring Somaliland and Puntland, and through fighting with Somaliland, it became a mere militia organization. It also lost support from the Dhulbahante clan. And ended its activities when the president of the HBM-SSC joined the Somaliland government. It is sometimes referred to as the SSC militia because it was a de facto militia organization except in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhulbahante
The Dhulbahante ( so, Dhulbahante, ar, دلبةنتئ) is a Somali clan family, part of the Harti clan which itself belongs to the largest Somali clan-family — the Darod. They are the traditional inhabitants of the physiographic Nugaal in its topographic sense, and its pre-independence administrative sense, which included Doollo. The clan's progenitor is buried at Badweyn. The Ali Gheri clan were the first tribe to adopt the Dervish (Daraawiish) identity.*** Colonial administrator Douglas Jardine, stated the following about Dervish demographics: The supreme Garad of the Dhulbahante is currently Garad Jama Garad Ali. Overview The extended formal name of Dhulbahante, the clan's forefather was ''Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' whose resting place is Badweyn. According to Somali tradition, his mother hailed from the of Arap clan of the Isaaq clan-family. This maternal connection has enticed a mutual affinity between the two clans. The primary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
