is a Japanese media genre that focuses on stories involving giant monsters. The word ''kaiju'' can also refer to the giant monsters themselves, which are usually depicted attacking major cities and battling either the military or other monsters. The ''kaiju'' genre is a subgenre of ''tokusatsu'' entertainment. The 1954 film ''

Godzilla is a fictional monster, or '' kaiju'', originating from a series of Japanese films. The character first appeared in the 1954 film '' Godzilla'' and became a worldwide pop culture icon, appearing in various media, including 32 films produ ...

'' is commonly regarded as the first ''kaiju'' film. ''Kaiju'' characters are often somewhat metaphorical in nature;

, for example, serves as a metaphor for

nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...

s, reflecting the fears of

post-war Japan Post-occupation Japan is the period in postwar Japanese history which started when the Allied occupation of Japan ended in 1952 and lasted to the end of the Showa era in 1989. Despite the massive devastation it suffered in the Second World War ...

following the

atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the onl ...

and the '' Lucky Dragon 5'' incident. Other notable examples of ''kaiju'' characters include Rodan, Mothra,

King Ghidorah is a fictional monster, or ''kaiju'', which first appeared in Ishirō Honda's 1964 film ''Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster''. Although the name of the character is officially trademarked by Toho as "King Ghidorah", the character was originally ...

and

Gamera is a fictional monster, or ''kaiju'', originating from a series of Japanese films. Debuting in the 1965 film ''Gamera, the Giant Monster'', the character and the first film were intended to compete with the success of Toho's ''Godzilla'' film ...

Etymology

The Japanese word ''kaijū'' originally referred to monsters and creatures from ancient Japanese legends; it earlier appeared in the Chinese ''

Classic of Mountains and Seas The ''Classic of Mountains and Seas'', also known as ''Shan Hai Jing'', formerly romanized as the ''Shan-hai Ching'', is a Chinese classic text and a compilation of mythic geography and beasts. Early versions of the text may have existed sin ...

''. After ''

sakoku was the isolationist foreign policy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate under which, for a period of 265 years during the Edo period (from 1603 to 1868), relations and trade between Japan and other countries were severely limited, and nearly a ...

'' had ended and Japan was opened to foreign relations in the mid-19th century, the term ''kaijū'' came to be used to express concepts from

paleontology Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ...

and

legendary creature A legendary creature (also mythical or mythological creature) is a type of fictional entity, typically a hybrid, that has not been proven and that is described in folklore (including myths and legends), but may be featured in historical accoun ...

s from around the world. For example, in 1908 it was suggested that the extinct '' Ceratosaurus''-like cryptid was alive in Yukon Territory, and this was referred to as ''kaijū''. However, there are no traditional depictions of ''kaiju'' or ''kaiju''-like creatures in Japanese folklore; but rather the origins of ''kaiju'' are found in film. Genre elements were present at the end of

Winsor McCay Zenas Winsor McCay ( – July 26, 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator. He is best known for the comic strip '' Little Nemo'' (1905–14; 1924–26) and the animated film '' Gertie the Dinosaur'' (1914). For contractual reasons, he w ...

's 1921 animated short '' Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend: The Pet'', in which a mysterious giant animal starts destroying the city, until it is countered by a massive

airstrike An airstrike, air strike or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft. Air strikes are delivered from aircraft such as blimps, balloons, fighters, heavy bombers, ground attack aircraft, attack helicopters and drones. The off ...

. It was based on a 1905 episode of McCay's comic strip series. The 1925 movie '' The Lost World'' featured many dinosaurs, including a

brontosaurus ''Brontosaurus'' (; meaning "thunder lizard" from Greek , "thunder" and , "lizard") is a genus of gigantic quadruped sauropod dinosaurs. Although the type species, ''B. excelsus'', had long been considered a species of the closely related ...

that breaks loose in London and destroys

Tower Bridge Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry with the help of Henry Marc Brunel. It crosses the River Thames clos ...

. The dinosaurs were animated by pioneering stop motion techniques by Willis H. O'Brien, who would some years later animate the giant gorilla-like creature breaking loose in New York City, for the 1933 movie '' King Kong'' (1933). The enormous success of ''King Kong'' can be seen as the definitive breakthrough of monster movies.

RKO Pictures RKO Radio Pictures Inc., commonly known as RKO Pictures or simply RKO, was an American film production and distribution company, one of the "Big Five" film studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orph ...

later licensed the King Kong character to Japanese studio Toho, resulting in the co-productions '' King Kong vs. Godzilla'' (1962) and ''

King Kong Escapes is a 1967 ''kaiju'' film directed by Ishirō Honda, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. The film was a Japanese– American co-production between Toho and Rankin/Bass, and stars Rhodes Reason, Linda Miller, Akira Takarada, Mie Hama, Ei ...

'' (1967), both directed by Ishirō Honda. ''

The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms ''The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms'' is a 1953 American science fiction monster film directed by Eugène Lourié, with special effects by Ray Harryhausen. The film stars Paul Christian, Paula Raymond, Cecil Kellaway, and Kenneth Tobey. The scree ...

'' (1953) featured a fictional dinosaur (animated by Ray Harryhausen), which is released from its frozen, hibernating state by an

atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...

test within the

Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle. The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at ...

. The American movie was released in Japan in 1954 under the title ''The Atomic Kaiju Appears'', marking the first use of the genre's name in a film title. However, ''

Gojira Gojira (ゴジラ) is the original Japanese name for Godzilla, a giant monster at the center of a media franchise. It may also refer to: Films * ''Godzilla'' franchise, known as ''ゴジラ'' (''Gojira'') in Japan ** ''Godzilla'' (1954 film), rel ...

'' (transliterated as ''Godzilla'') is commonly regarded as the first ''kaiju'' film in the west and was released in 1954.

Tomoyuki Tanaka was a Japanese film producer. He is best known for co-creating the ''Godzilla'' franchise and its associated spin-offs. Early life Tanaka was born on April 26, 1910, in Kashiwara, Osaka. As a child, he would often walk miles to the nearest th ...

, a producer for Toho Studios in Tokyo, needed a film to release after his previous project was halted. Seeing how well the Hollywood giant monster movie genre films ''King Kong'' and ''

'' had done in Japanese box offices, and himself a fan of these films, he set out to make a new movie based on them and created ''Godzilla''. Tanaka aimed to combine Hollywood giant monster movies with the re-emerged Japanese fears of atomic weapons that arose from the

Daigo Fukuryū Maru was a Japanese tuna fishing boat with a crew of 23 men which was contaminated by nuclear fallout from the United States Castle Bravo thermonuclear weapon test at Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954. The crew suffered acute radiation syndrome (A ...

fishing boat incident; and so he put a team together and created the concept of a giant radioactive creature emerging from the depths of the ocean, a creature that would become the monster Godzilla. ''Godzilla'' initially had commercial success in Japan, inspiring other ''kaiju'' movies.

Terminology

The term ''kaijū'' translates literally as "strange beast". ''Kaiju'' can be

antagonist An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the chief foe of the protagonist. Etymology The English word antagonist comes from the Greek ἀνταγωνιστής – ''antagonistēs'', "opponent, competitor, villain, enemy, ri ...

ic,

protagonist A protagonist () is the main character of a story. The protagonist makes key decisions that affect the plot, primarily influencing the story and propelling it forward, and is often the character who faces the most significant obstacles. If a st ...

ic, or a neutral force of nature, but more specifically as preternatural creatures of divine power. Succinctly, they are not merely, "big animals."

, for example, from its first appearance in the initial 1954 entry in the ''Godzilla'' franchise, has manifest all of these aspects. Other examples of ''kaiju'' include Rodan, Mothra,

Anguirus is a fictional monster, or ''kaiju'', which first appeared in '' Godzilla Raids Again'' (1955), the second film in the ''Godzilla'' franchise. Anguirus is the first monster to be shown engaging in combat with Godzilla in a film. Since then, the ...

, King Kong,

, Daimajin, Gappa, Guilala and Yonggary. There are also subcategories including '' Mecha'' ''Kaiju'' (Meka-Kaijū), featuring mechanical or cybernetic characters, including

Mogera ''Mogera'' is a genus of mammals in the family Talpidae The family Talpidae () includes the moles (some of whom are called shrew moles and desmans) who are small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all digging ani ...

Mechani-Kong is a remote-controlled robot double of King Kong introduced in the 1966 animated television series ''The King Kong Show'' and featured again in the 1967 film ''King Kong Escapes''. The robot was created by Dr. Who (who is not to be confused with ...

Mechagodzilla is a fictional mecha character that first appeared in the 1974 film ''Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla''. In its debut appearance, Mechagodzilla is depicted as an extraterrestrial villain that confronts Godzilla. In subsequent iterations, Mechagodzill ...

, Gigan, which are an off-shoot of ''kaiju''. Likewise, the collective sub-category ''Ultra-Kaiju'' (Urutora-Kaijū) is a separate strata of ''kaijū'', which specifically originate in the long-running '' Ultra Series'' franchise, but can also be referred to simply by ''kaijū''. As a

noun A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for: * Living creatures (including people, alive, ...

, ''kaijū'' is an '' invariant'', as both the singular and the plural expressions are identical.

''Kaijū eiga''

''Kaijū eiga'' (, "kaiju film") is a film featuring one or more ''kaiju''.

''Kaijin''

''Kaijin'' ( lit. "strange person") refers to distorted human beings or humanoid-like creatures. The origin of ''kaijin'' goes back to the early 20th Century Japanese literature, starting with

Edogawa Rampo , better known by the pen name was a Japanese author and critic who played a major role in the development of Japanese mystery and thriller fiction. Many of his novels involve the detective hero Kogoro Akechi, who in later books was the ...

's 1936 novel, '' The Fiend with Twenty Faces''. The story introduced Edogawa's master detective, Kogoro Akechi's arch-nemesis, the eponymous "Fiend," a mysterious master of disguise, whose real face was unknown; the ''Moriarty'' to Akechi's ''Sherlock''. Catching the public's imagination, many such literary and movie (and later television) villains took on the mantle of ''kaijin''. To be clear, ''kaijin'' is not an offshoot of ''kaiju''. The first-ever kaijin that appeared on film was '' The Great Buddha Arrival'' a lost film, made in 1934. After the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vas ...

, the term was modernized when it was adopted to describe the bizarre, genetically engineered and

cybernetically Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causality, such as feedback, in regulatory and purposive systems. Cybernetics is named after an example of circular causal feedback, that of steering a ship, where the helmsperson ma ...

enhanced evil humanoid spawn conceived for the ''

Kamen Rider Series The , also known as ''Masked Rider Series'' (until Decade), is a Japanese superhero media franchise consisting of tokusatsu television programs, films, manga, and anime, created by manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori. ''Kamen Rider'' media generall ...

'' in 1971. This created a new splinter of the term, which quickly propagated through the popularity of superhero programs produced from the 1970s, forward. These ''kaijin'' possess rational thought and the power of speech, as do human beings. A successive ''kaijin'' menagerie, in diverse iterations, appeared over numerous series, most notably the '' Super Sentai'' programs premiering in 1975 (later carried over into ''Super Sentais English iteration as ''

Power Rangers ''Power Rangers'' is an entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise '' Super Sentai''. Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS E ...

'' in the 1990s). This created yet another splinter, as the ''kaijin'' of ''Super Sentai'' have since evolved to feature unique forms and attributes (i.e.

gigantism Gigantism ( el, γίγας, ''gígas'', " giant", plural γίγαντες, ''gígantes''), also known as giantism, is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by ov ...

), existing somewhere between ''kaijin'' and ''kaiju''.

''Daikaiju''

''Daikaijū'' () literally translates as "giant ''kaiju''" or "great ''kaiju''". This hyperbolic term was used to denote greatness of the subject ''kaiju''; the prefix ''dai-'' emphasizing great size, power, and/or status. The first known appearance of the term ''daikaiju'' in the 20th Century was in the publicity materials for the original 1954 release of ''

''. Specifically, in the subtitle on the original movie poster, ''Suibaku Daikaiju Eiga'' (), lit. "H-Bomb Giant Monster Movie" (in proper English, "The Giant H-Bomb Monster Movie").

''Seijin''

''Seijin'' ( lit. "star people"), appears within Japanese words for extraterrestrial aliens, such as ''Kaseijin'' (), which means " Martian". Aliens can also be called ''uchūjin'' () which means "spacemen". Among the best known ''Seijin'' in the genre can be found in the '' Ultra Series'', such as Alien Baltan from '' Ultraman'', a race of crustacean-like aliens who have gone on to become one of the franchise's most enduring and recurring characters other than the Ultras themselves. Toho has produced a variety of ''kaiju'' films over the years (many of which feature Godzilla, Rodan and Mothra); but other Japanese studios contributed to the genre by producing films and shows of their own:

Daiei Film Daiei Film Co. Ltd. (Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ''Daiei Eiga Kabushiki Kaisha'') was a Japanese film studio. Founded in 1942 as Dai Nippon Film Co., Ltd., it was one of the major studios during the postwar Golden Age of Japanese cinema, producing ...

( Kadokawa Pictures), Tsuburaya Productions, and

Shochiku () is a Japanese film and kabuki production and distribution company. It also produces and distributes anime films, in particular those produced by Bandai Namco Filmworks (which has a long-time partnership—the company released most, if not al ...

and Nikkatsu Studios.

Monster techniques

Godzilla Raids Again (1955) Anguirus suit

Eiji Tsuburaya, who was in charge of the special effects for ''Godzilla'', developed a technique to animate the ''kaiju'' that became known colloquially as " suitmation".Weinstock, Jeffery (2014) ''The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters.'' Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. Where Western monster movies often used stop motion to animate the monsters, Tsubaraya decided to attempt to create suits, called "

creature suit Creature suits are realistic costumes used to disguise a performer as an animal, monster, or other being. They are used in film, television, or as costumed characters in live events. Unlike mascots, they are often made with a high degree of rea ...

s", for a human ( suit actor) to wear and act in.Archived a
Ghostarchive
and th
Wayback Machine
This was combined with the use of miniature models and scaled-down city sets to create the illusion of a giant creature in a city.Allison, Anne (2006) ''Snake Person Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination.'' Oakland: University of California Press Due to the extreme stiffness of the latex or rubber suits, filming would often be done at double speed, so that when the film was shown, the monster was smoother and slower than in the original shot. ''Kaiju'' films also used a form of

puppetry Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or manipulated by a human called a puppeteer. Such a performa ...

interwoven between suitmation scenes which served for shots that were physically impossible for the suit actor to perform. From the 1998 release of ''Godzilla'', American-produced ''kaiju'' films strayed from suitmation to

computer-generated imagery Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the use of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, simulators, and visual effects in films, television programs, shorts, commercials, and videos. The image ...

(CGI). In Japan, CGI and stop-motion have been increasingly used for certain special sequences and monsters, but suitmation has been used for an overwhelming majority of ''kaiju'' films produced in Japan of all eras.

Selected media

Films

Manga

* ''

Cloverfield/Kishin is a manga and cross-media tie-in to the 2008 film ''Cloverfield''. The '' Shōnen Ace'' magazine published the manga on Kadokawa Shoten's website. It was released once a month and consists of four chapters. The story details the lives of two ...

'' (

Kadokawa Shoten , formerly , is a Japanese publisher and division of Kadokawa Future Publishing based in Tokyo, Japan. It became an internal division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1, 2013. Kadokawa publishes manga, light novels, manga anthology magazines ...

; 2008) * Go Nagai Creator of Kaijus ** ''Garla'' (ガルラ, garura)(June 1976 – March 1978 Published by Tomy Company, Ltd.) ** ''MachineSaur'' (マシンザウラー, マシンサウル, Machine Sauer, Mashinzaura)(December 1979 – March 1986 Published by Tomy Company, Ltd.) * ''

Attack on Titan is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as ...

'' ( Kodansha; 2009–2021) * ''

Kaiju Girl Caramelise is a ''seinen'' manga series by Spica Aoki. The plot centers around a student named Kuroe Akaishi who suffers from a mysterious illness, and how it may impact her newfound love interest. ''Kaiju Girl Caramelise'' appeared as a serial in the ...

'' (2018) * ''

Neon Genesis Evangelion , also known simply as ''Evangelion'' or ''Eva'', is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Gainax and animated by Tatsunoko, directed by Hideaki Anno and broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 1995 to March 1996. ''Evangelion ...

'' (

; 1994 – 2013) * '' ULTRAMAN'' (

Shogakukan is a Japanese publisher of dictionaries, literature, comics ( manga), non-fiction, DVDs, and other media in Japan. Shogakukan founded Shueisha, which also founded Hakusensha. These are three separate companies, but are together called the ...

; 2011–present) * '' Kaiju No. 8'' ( Shonen Jump+; 2020–present)

Novels

*''

Nemesis Saga The Nemesis Saga is a series of six ''kaiju'' thriller novels written by American author Jeremy Robinson, featuring the massive ''Goddess of Vengeance'' Nemesis. Premise Nemesis is the ancient Goddess of Vengeance, a massive ''kaiju'' that ...

'' by

Jeremy Robinson Jeremy Robinson (born October 22, 1974), also known as Jeremy Bishop, Jeremiah Knight, and other pen names, is an author of sixty novels and novellas. He is known for mixing elements of science, history, and mythology. Many of his novels have b ...

(

St Martins Press St. Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in Manhattan, New York City, in the Equitable Building. St. Martin's Press is considered one of the largest English-language publishers, bringing to the public some 700 titles a year under si ...

Breakneck Media Breakneck is an English adjective meaning dangerous or reckless. It may refer to: * Breakneck Creek, a tributary of Connoquenessing Creek in western Pennsylvania * Breakneck Hill, in Allegany County, Maryland * Breakneck Ridge, a mountain along ...

; 2013–2016). A series of six novels featuring Nemesis, Karkinos, Typhon, Scylla, Drakon, Scryon, Giger, Lovecraft, Ashtaroth and Hyperion (Mechakaiju) *'' The Kaiju Preservation Society'' by John Scalzi (Tor; 2022).

Comics

* ''Godzilla'' comics ( Toho and IDW; 1976–present) * '' Tokyo Storm Warning'' (

Wildstorm Wildstorm Productions, (stylized as WildStorm), is an American comic book imprint. Originally founded as an independent company established by Jim Lee under the name "Aegis Entertainment" and expanded in subsequent years by other creators, Wild ...

; 2003) * '' Enormous'' (

Image Comics Image Comics is an American comic book publisher and is the third largest comic book and graphic novel publisher in the industry in both unit and market share. It was founded in 1992 by several high-profile illustrators as a venue for creator-o ...

; 2012, 2014, 2021–present) as Future Released. * '' The Kaiju Score'' (

AfterShock In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousa ...

; 2020–present) * ''

The Stone King ''The'' () is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite ...

'' ( ComiXology Original; 2018–present) * ''

Dinosaurs Attack! ''Dinosaurs Attack!'' is a trading card series by Topps released in 1988 and containing 55 base cards and 11 sticker cards. The cards tell the story of dinosaurs transported through time into the present day through a freak accident and wreaking ...

'' ( Topps Comics/ IDW; 1988, 2013) * The

comics by

and

Matt Frank Matt may refer to: *Matt (name), people with the given name ''Matt'' or Matthew, meaning "gift from God", or the surname Matt *In British English, of a surface: having a non-glossy finish, see gloss (material appearance) *Matt, Switzerland, a mu ...

(

American Gothic Press American Gothic Press is an American comic book imprint of ''Famous Monsters of Filmland'' magazine. Established in the spring of 2015, it focuses predominantly on the ''kaiju'', science fiction, fantasy and horror genres, reflecting the tastes ...

IDW Publishing IDW Publishing is an American publisher of comic books, graphic novels, art books, and comic strip collections. It was founded in 1999 as the publishing division of Idea and Design Works, LLC (IDW), itself formed in 1999, and is regularly re ...

; 2015–2016)

Video games

* ''Godzilla'' video games ( Toho, Pipeworks,

Bandai is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational toy manufacturer and distributor headquartered in Taitō, Tokyo. Its international branches, Bandai Namco Toys & Collectables America and Bandai UK, are respectively headquartered in Irvine ...

; 1983–present) * ''Ultraman'' video games (

Tsuburaya was a Japanese special effects director and cinematographer. Known as the he worked on 250 feature films in a career spanning 50 years. He is regarded as one of the co-creators of the ''Godzilla'' series, as well as the main creator of the ' ...

; 1984–present) * ''Gamera'' Video games ( Kadokawa of Games; 1995–present as North American released) * '' Time Gal'' (

Taito is a Japanese company that specializes in video games, toys, arcade cabinets and game centers, based in Shinjuku, Tokyo. The company was founded by Michael Kogan in 1953 as the importing vodka, vending machines and jukeboxes into Japan. I ...

; 1985) * ''

Shadow of the Colossus ''Shadow of the Colossus'' is a 2005 action-adventure game developed by Japan Studio and Team Ico, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It takes place in a fantasy setting and follows Wander, a young man who ent ...

'' (developed by SCE Japan Studio and Team Ico, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment, 2005) ** '' Shadow of the Colossus remake'' (developed by Bluepoint Games, and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, 2018) * '' King of the Monsters'' ( SNK; 1991) * '' Rampage (1986)'' (formerly owned by

Midway Games Midway Games Inc., known previously as Midway Manufacturing and Bally Midway, and commonly known as simply Midway, was an American video game developer and publisher. Midway's franchises included ''Mortal Kombat'', '' Rampage'', '' Spy Hunter'' ...

and now owned by its successor Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment; 2021) ** '' Rampage: Total Destruction'' (

, 2006) * '' Dawn of the Monsters'' (Developed by

13AM Games ''Runbow'' is a platform racing video game made for the Wii U and later ported to Microsoft Windows, New Nintendo 3DS, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch. ''Runbow'' was developed by Canadian indie team 13AM Games as their debut title ...

and published by

WayForward WayForward Technologies, Inc. is an American independent video game developer and publisher based in Valencia, California. Founded in March 1990 by technology entrepreneur Voldi Way, WayForward started by developing games for consoles such as ...

, 2022) as a

spiritual successor A spiritual successor (sometimes called a spiritual sequel) is a product or fictional work that is similar to, or directly inspired by, another previous work, but (unlike a traditional prequel or sequel) does not explicitly continue the product ...

to SNK's King of the Monsters * '' Megaton Musashi'' (Developed by Level-5, 2021, 2022) * ''Roarr! The Adventures of Rampage Rex – Jurassic Edition'' ( Born Lucky Games, 2018) * '' GigaBash'' (Passion Republic, 2022) * ''

Robot Alchemic Drive ''Robot Alchemic Drive'', also known as ''R.A.D.'', and known in Japan as is a PlayStation 2 video game developed by Sandlot and published by Enix. It was released in Japan and North America. In the game the player controls a giant robot called ...

'' ( Sandlot; 2002) * '' DEMOLITION ROBOTS K.K.'' (, 2020, 2021) – Mechas A Former Dystopian Wars/Robot Killer. * ''

War of the Monsters ''War of the Monsters'' is a fighting video game for the PlayStation 2 developed by Incognito Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. Santa Monica Studio assisted on development, The game was released on the PlayStation 2 in Ja ...

'' (

Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...

, Incognito Entertainment; 2003) * '' Peter Jackson's King Kong'' (2005) * ''Pacific Rim'' video game (

Yuke's Yuke's Co. Ltd. is a Japanese video game developer based in Osaka. It was established on 26 February 1993 by Yukinori Taniguchi. The company is best known for developing the '' WWE'' video game series, based on the professional wrestling promo ...

/ Reliance; 2013) * ''

City Shrouded in Shadow is a video game for the PlayStation 4 developed by Granzella, who confirmed that it is the spiritual successor to their ''Disaster Report'' series of games, and several characters from that series also make cameo appearances in the game. The o ...

'' (

Bandai Namco Entertainment is a Japanese multinational video game publisher headquartered in Minato-ku, Tokyo. Its international branches, Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe, are respectively headquartered in Irvine, California and ...

; 2017) *

Colossal Kaiju Combat Colossal may refer to: * ''Colossal'' (film), a 2016 science fiction film starring Anne Hathaway * (Colossal) Pictures, entertainment company which closed in 2000 * Colossal (band), American punk band formed in 2001 * "Colossal", a song by Scal ...

(

Sunstone Games Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway, Sweden, various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of ...

; Cancelled) * 13 Sentinels: Aegis Rim (

Sega is a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its international branches, Sega of America and Sega Europe, are headquartered in Irvine, California and London, respectively. Its division ...

Atlus is a Japanese video game developer, publisher, arcade manufacturer and distribution company based in Tokyo. A subsidiary of Sega, the company is known for video game series such as '' Megami Tensei'', '' Persona'', '' Etrian Odyssey'' and ...

Vanillaware is a Japanese video game developer based in Osaka. An independent company, it was founded in 2002 under the name Puraguru by George Kamitani, a game developer who had previously worked at Capcom and Atlus, and directed '' Princess Crown'' (1 ...

, 2019) * '' Fight Crab'' (2020–21, – stage City rampage) * '' DAIKAIJU DAIKESSEN'' (2019, 2021, 2022 OneSecretPseudo) * ''Attack of the Giant Crab'' (2022)

Board games

* '' Godzilla Game'' *''Godzilla: Tokyo Clash'' * ''Smash Up'' * ''

Monsterpocalypse ''Monsterpocalypse'' is a Kaiju-themed collectible miniatures game which is published by Privateer Press. Released series include ''Rise'', ''I Chomp NY'', ''All Your Base'', ''Monsterpocalypse Now'' and the current series ''Big in Japan''. A ...

'' * ''

King of Tokyo ''King of Tokyo'' is a tabletop game using custom dice, cards, and boards, designed by Richard Garfield and released in 2011. A New York City-based edition, ''King of New York'', was published in 2014. The game was re-released in 2016, with all ...

'' * ''King of New York'' * ''Monsters Menace America'' * ''Smash City'' * ''

The Creature That Ate Sheboygan ''The Creature That Ate Sheboygan'' is a science fiction board game released in 1979 by Simulations Publications (SPI). The game received good reviews and won an industry award. Gameplay ''The Creature That Ate Sheboygan'', designed by Greg Cos ...

'' * ''Campy Creatures''

Television

* '' Marine Kong'' ( Nisan Productions; April 3 – September 25, 1960) * '' Ultra Series'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; January 2, 1966–present) * ''

Ambassador Magma is the title and protagonist of a manga and tokusatsu TV series created by Osamu Tezuka. The TV series, produced by P Productions, Norway Productions and Krantz Films, was aired on Fuji TV from July 4, 1966, to June 26, 1967, lasting a tota ...

'' (

P Productions is a Japanese production company, which has produced anime and tokusatsu television programs, with minor work in motion pictures. It was founded in 1960 by the late TV producer Tomio Sagisu (also known as Soji Ushio). The company exists today as ...

; July 4, 1966 – September 25, 1967) * '' The King Kong Show'' (

Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...

; September 10, 1966 – August 31, 1969) * ''

Kaiju Booska is a famous children's sitcom, and the first to feature the friendly monster Booska. Produced by Tsuburaya Productions, the show aired on Nippon TV from November 9, 1966 to September 27, 1967, with a total of 47 episodes. There was a Booska reviv ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; November 9, 1966 – September 27, 1967) * ''

Captain Ultra Captain Ultra (Griffin Gogol) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Publication history He first appeared in ''Fantastic Four'' #177 (Dec. 1976) and was created by Roy Thomas, George Pérez and Joe Sinnott ...

'' ( Toei Company; April 16 – September 24, 1967) * '' Kaiju ouji'' (

; October 2, 1967 – March 25, 1968) * '' Giant Robo'' ( Toei Company; October 11, 1967 – April 1, 1968) * '' Giant Phantom Monster Agon'' (

Nippon Television JOAX-DTV (channel 4), branded as , is the flagship station of the Nippon News Network and the Nippon Television Network System, owned-and-operated by the which is a subsidiary of the certified broadcasting holding company , itself a listed ...

; January 2–8, 1968) * '' Mighty Jack'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; April 6 – June 29, 1968) * '' Spectreman'' (

; January 2, 1971 – March 25, 1972) * ''

Kamen Rider The , also known as ''Masked Rider Series'' (until Decade), is a Japanese superhero media franchise consisting of tokusatsu television programs, films, manga, and anime, created by manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori. ''Kamen Rider'' media genera ...

'' ( Toei Company; April 3, 1971–present) * ''

Silver Kamen Senkosha Productions was the television production arm of the large Japanese advertising agency the Senkosha Company. The Tokyo-based Senkosha Company still exists, though it has long since closed its television division, now known as Senko Kikaku ...

'' ( Senkosha Productions; November 28, 1971 – May 21, 1972) * ''

Mirrorman is a Japanese ''tokusatsu'' science fiction television series produced by Tsuburaya Productions, the series aired on Fuji TV from December 5, 1971 to November 26, 1972, with a total of 51 episodes. This was Tsuburaya Productions' first non-Ultra ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; December 5, 1971 – November 26, 1972) * '' Redman'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; April 3 – September 8, 1972) * ''

Thunder Mask Thunder Mask (サンダーマスク ''Sandā Masuku'') is a 1972 tokusatsu series produced by Nippon Television. An adaptation by Osamu Tezuka was serialized in Shogakukan's ''Weekly Shōnen Sunday is a weekly ''shōnen'' manga magazine pub ...

'' (

; October 3, 1972 – March 27, 1973) * ''

Ike! Godman is a Japanese tokusatsu Kyodai Hero kaiju television series by Toho. It ran from October 5, 1972, to April 10, 1973. It was pulled from reruns on September 28, 1973, and it was replaced by ''Ike! Greenman''. While on air Monday through Saturday ...

'' (

Toho Company is a Japanese film, theatre production and distribution company. It has its headquarters in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is one of the core companies of the Osaka-based Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group. Outside of Japan, it is best known as the producer an ...

; October 5, 1972 – April 10, 1973) * ''

Assault! Human!! ''Assault! Human!!'' (突撃! ヒューマン!! ''Totsugeki! Hyūman!!'') is a 1972 ''tokusatsu'' series produced by Toho. Plot King Flasher, a mysterious being, and his army of Flashers threaten the safety of the Earth, starting by targeting c ...

'' (

; October 7 – December 30, 1972) * ''

Iron King is a ''tokusatsu'' superhero TV series about a giant cyborg. The series was produced by Nippon Gendai and Senkosha (now Senko Planning), and aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 8, 1972, to April 8, 1973, with a total of 26 episo ...

'' ( Senkosha Productions; October 8, 1972 – April 8, 1973) * ''

Jumborg Ace is the titular superhero of a tokusatsu science fiction/kaiju/superhero TV series. Produced by Tsuburaya Productions, the show was broadcast on Mainichi Broadcasting System from January 17 to December 29, 1973, with a total of 50 episodes. This wa ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; January 17 – December 29, 1973) * '' Fireman'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; January 17 – July 31, 1973) * ''

Demon Hunter Mitsurugi A demon is a malevolent supernatural entity. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in religion, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology, and folklore; as well as in media such as comics, video games, movies, anime, ...

'' (

International Television Films International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

and Fuji TV; January 8, 1973 – March 26, 1973) * ''

Zone Fighter ''Zone Fighter'', known in Japan as , is a tokusatsu science fiction superhero television series. Produced by Toho Company Ltd., the show aired on Nippon Television from April 2 to September 24, 1973, with a total of 26 episodes. This was Toh ...

'' (

; April 2 – September 24, 1973) * '' Super Robot Red Baron'' (

; July 4, 1973 – March 27, 1974) * ''

Kure Kure Takora {{nihongo, ''Kure Kure Takora'', クレクレタコラ, , translation: "Gimme Gimme Octopus" is a tokusatsu children's show, children's comedy show from Japan. Produced by Toho, Toho Company Ltd., the show ran for 260 episodes and aired on Fuji T ...

'' (

; October 1, 1973 – September 27, 1974) * '' Ike! Greenman'' (

; November 12, 1973 – September 27, 1974) * '' Super Sentai'' ( Toei Company; April 3, 1975–present) * '' Super Robot Mach Baron'' (

; October 7, 1974 – March 31, 1975) * ''

Dinosaur War Izenborg is a Japanese television program produced by Tsuburaya Productions that aired from 1977 to 1978 on TV Tokyo. It combined Tsuburaya's trademark suitmation tokusatsu techniques with anime. The show ran for 39 episodes. Plot Dinosaurs reappear ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; October 17, 1977 – June 30, 1978) * ''

Spider-Man Spider-Man is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, he first appeared in the anthology comic book ''Amazing Fantasy'' #15 (August 1962) in the Si ...

'' ( Toei Company; May 17, 1978 – March 14, 1979) * ''

'' (

Hanna-Barbera Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ( ) was an American animation studio and production company which was active from 1957 to 2001. It was founded on July 7, 1957, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera following the decision of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to c ...

; September 9, 1978 – December 8, 1979) * '' Megaloman'' (

; May 7 – December 24, 1979) * ''

Godzilland , or ''Godzillaland'', refers to a series of Japanese children's educational television series produced by Toho and based on the ''Godzilla'' franchise. The first series, a trivia show titled , aired on TV Tokyo in 1992. The series was i ...

'' (

; 1992 – 1996) * '' Gridman the Hyper Agent'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; April 3, 1993 – January 8, 1994) * ''

'' ( Saban Entertainment and Toei Company; August 28, 1993–present) * ''

'' (

Gainax Gainax Co., Ltd. (stylized as GAINAX; ja, 株式会社ガイナックス, Hepburn: ) is a Japanese anime studio famous for productions such as '' Neon Genesis Evangelion'', '' Royal Space Force'', '' Gunbuster'', '' Nadia: The Secret of Blue Wa ...

; October 4, 1995 – March 27, 1996) * ''Godzilla Kingdom'' (

; October 1, 1996 – August 15, 1997) * '' Godzilla Island'' (

; October 6, 1997 – September 30, 1998) * '' Godzilla: The Series'' ( Sony Pictures Television; September 12, 1998 – April 22, 2000) * ''Godzilla TV'' (

; October 1999 – March 2000) * '' Betterman'' ( Sunrise; April 1, 1999 – September 30, 1999) * ''

Dai-Guard is an anime television series, produced and animated by XEBEC, and directed by Seiji Mizushima. It aired from October 5, 1999, to March 28, 2000, on TV Tokyo, running for 26 episodes. 6 volumes of videos were released on VHS and DVD. The serie ...

'' ( Xebec; October 5, 1998 – March 28, 2000) * '' Kong: The Animated Series'' (

BKN Bohbot Entertainment was an American advertising and marketing company specializing in the children's market founded in 1985, and had traded under various different names over the years. The company produced and distributed programming under thei ...

; September 9, 2000 – March 26, 2001) * '' Tekkōki Mikazuki'' ( Media Factory; October 23, 2000 – March 24, 2001) * '' SFX Giant Legend: Line'' (

Independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independe ...

; April 25 – May 26, 2003) * '' Chouseishin Series'' (

; October 4, 2003 – June 24, 2006) * '' Bio Planet WoO'' ( Tsuburaya Productions; April 9 – August 13, 2006) * '' Daimajin Kanon'' ( Kadokawa Pictures; April 2 – October 1, 2010) * ''

SciFi Japan TV was a streaming television series of documentaries revolving around Japanese kaiju and tokusatsu movies. The show was shot on location in Japan and generally featured interviews with filmmakers and movie-related events. Every episode was released ...

'' (

ACTV Japan ACTV Japan, officially Access Television Limited (also referred to as ACTV), is a Japanese video and television production company based in Setagaya, Shibuya, Tokyo. The company was founded by Yoshio Numai in 2005 for the development and productio ...

; August 10, 2012–present) * ''

'' (

Wit Studio (stylised as WIT STUDIO) is a Japanese animation studio founded on June 1, 2012, by producers at Production I.G as a subsidiary of IG Port. It is headquartered in Musashino, Tokyo, with Production I.G producer George Wada as president and Te ...

and

MAPPA is a Japanese animation studio headquartered in Suginami, Tokyo. Founded in 2011 by Madhouse co-founder and producer Masao Maruyama, it has produced anime works including ''Terror in Resonance'', '' Yuri!!! on Ice'', '' In This Corner of th ...

; April 7, 2013 – scheduled) * '' Kong: King of the Apes'' (

Netflix Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a ...

; April 15, 2016 – May 4, 2018) * ''

Mech-X4 ''Mech-X4'' is an American sci-fi adventure comedy television series created by Steve Marmel that aired on Disney Channel from November 11 to December 4, 2016, and on Disney XD from April 17, 2017 to August 20, 2018. The series stars Nathanie ...

'' ( Disney XD; November 11, 2016 – August 20, 2018) * '' Darling in the Franxx'' ( Studio Trigger; January 13, 2018 – July 7, 2018) * ''

SSSS.Gridman ''SSSS.Gridman'' (stylized as ''SSSS.GRIDMΛN'') is a Japanese anime television series adaptation of the 1993–1994 ''tokusatsu'' series '' Denkou Choujin Gridman''. The production is a joint collaboration between Tsuburaya Productions, ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions and Studio Trigger; October 7, 2018 – December 23, 2018) * ''Godziban'' (

; August 9, 2019–present) * ''I’m Home, Chibi Godzilla'' (

; July 15, 2020–present) * '' Pacific Rim: The Black'' ( Polygon Pictures; March 4, 2021–present) * ''

Godzilla Singular Point is a Japanese anime television series co-produced by the animation studios Bones and Orange. Licensed by Netflix and directed by Atsushi Takahashi, the series premiered on March 25, 2021 on Netflix in Japan, and on Tokyo MX and other channel ...

'' (

; April 1, 2021 – June 24, 2021) * ''

SSSS.Dynazenon ''SSSS.Dynazenon'' (stylized as ''SSSS.DYNΛZENON'') is a 2021 Japanese anime television series produced by Trigger. It is the sequel to the 2018 anime '' SSSS.Gridman'' and the second installment in the shared ''Gridman Universe'' media establ ...

'' ( Tsuburaya Productions and Studio Trigger; April 2, 2021 – June 18, 2021) * Super Giant Robot Brothers ( Reel FX Creative Studios, Assemblage Entertainment;

; August 4, 2022-present) * ''Hourglass'' (Legendary Television; to be released) * ''Skull Island'' (Legendary Television;

; to be released)

Other appearances

Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg (; born December 18, 1946) is an American director, writer, and producer. A major figure of the New Hollywood era and pioneer of the modern blockbuster, he is the most commercially successful director of all time. Sp ...

cited ''

'' as an inspiration for ''

Jurassic Park ''Jurassic Park'', later also referred to as ''Jurassic World'', is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when ...

'' (1993), specifically ''

Godzilla, King of the Monsters! is a 1956 ''kaiju'' film directed by Terry O. Morse and Ishirō Honda. It is a heavily re-edited American localization, commonly referred to as an "Americanization", of the 1954 Japanese film '' Godzilla''. The film was a Japanese-American c ...

'' (1956), which he saw in his youth. During its production, Spielberg described ''Godzilla'' as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening." One scene in the second movie ('' The Lost World: Jurassic Park''), the T-Rex is rampaging through

San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States ...

. One scene shows Japanese businessmen fleeing. One of them states that they left Japan to get away from this, hinting that Godzilla shares the same universe as the Jurassic Park movies. ''Godzilla'' also influenced the Spielberg film ''

Jaws Jaws or Jaw may refer to: Anatomy * Jaw, an opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth ** Mandible, the lower jaw Arts, entertainment, and media * Jaws (James Bond), a character in ''The Spy Who Loved Me'' and ''Moonraker'' * ...

'' (1975). *In the Japanese language original of ''

Cardcaptor Sakura , abbreviated as ''CCS'', is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by the manga group Clamp. Serialized monthly in the ''shōjo'' manga magazine ''Nakayoshi'' from May 1996 to June 2000, it was also published in 12 ''tankōbon'' ...

anime series is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, (a term derived from a shortening of ...

, Sakura's brother Toya likes to tease her by regularly calling her "''kaiju''", relating to her noisily coming down from her room for breakfast every morning. *The Polish cartoon TV series ''

Bolek and Lolek ''Bolek and Lolek'' are two Polish cartoon characters from the children's animated comedy television series by the same name. They were created by Władysław Nehrebecki the author, scriptwriter and main director and partially designed by Wł ...

'' makes a reference to the ''kaiju'' film industry in the mini-series " Bolek and Lolek's Great Journey" by featuring a robot bird (similar to Rodan) and a saurian monster (in reference to

) as part of a Japanese director's monster star repertoire. *The '' Inspector Gadget'' film had Robo-Gadget attacking San Francisco a'la Kaiju monsters. In addition, similar to ''The Lost World'', it shows a Japanese man while fleeing from Robo-Gadget declaring in his native tongue that he left Tokyo specifically to get away from this. *Alternate versions of several ''kaiju'' –

, Mothra,

and Daimajin – appear in the '' Usagi Yojimbo'' " Sumi-e" story arc. *In the second season of '' Star Wars: The Clone Wars'', there is a story arc composed of two episodes entitled "The Zillo Beast" and "The Zillo Beast Strikes Back", mostly influenced by ''Godzilla'' films, in which a huge reptilian beast is transported from its homeworld Malastare to the city-covered planet Coruscant, where it breaks loose and goes on a rampage. *In '' Return of the Jedi'', the

rancor This is a list of creatures in the fictional universe of '' Star Wars'', a space opera media franchise. The types of creatures in this list are listed by category and then in alphabetical order. Humans and humanoid sentient species Humans Huma ...

was originally to be played by an actor in a suit similar to the way how ''kaiju'' films like ''Godzilla'' were made. However, the rancor was eventually portrayed by a puppet filmed in high speed. *In ''

The Simpsons ''The Simpsons'' is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, ...

'' episode " Treehouse of Horror VI" segment "Attack of the 50-Foot Eyesores", Homer goes to Lard Lad Donuts; unable to get a "Colossal Doughnut" as advertised, he steals Lard Lad's donut, awakening other giant advertising statues that come to life to terrorize Springfield. When Lard Lad awakes, he makes a Godzilla roar.

Guillermo del Toro Guillermo del Toro Gómez (; born October 9, 1964) is a Mexican filmmaker, author, and actor. He directed the Academy Award–winning fantasy films ''Pan's Labyrinth'' (2006) and '' The Shape of Water'' (2017), winning the Academy Awards for ...

directed the ''

Treehouse of Horror XXIV "Treehouse of Horror XXIV" is the second episode of the The Simpsons (season 25), twenty-fifth season of the American animated television series ''The Simpsons'' and the 532nd episode of the series. It originally aired on the Fox Broadcasting Comp ...

'' couch gag which made multiple references to

and other ''kaiju''-based characters, including his own '' Pacific Rim'' characters. *The ''

South Park ''South Park'' is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for Comedy Central. The series revolves around four boysStan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormickand ...

'' episode "

Mecha-Streisand "Mecha-Streisand" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the first season of the American animated television series ''South Park''. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on February 18, 1998. In the episode, Barbra Streisa ...

" features parodies of Mechagodzilla, Gamera, Ultraman, and Mothra. *'' Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters'' features the "Insanoflex", a giant robot exercise machine rampaging downtown. *In the 2009 film '' Crank: High Voltage'', there is a sequence parodying ''kaiju'' films using the same practical effects techniques used for tokusatsu films such as miniatures and suitmation. *The Japanese light novel series ''Gate'' makes use of the term ''kaiju'' as a term for giant monsters – specifically an ancient Fire Dragon – in the Special Region. Also, one of the Japanese protagonists refers to the

JSDF The Japan Self-Defense Forces ( ja, 自衛隊, Jieitai; abbreviated JSDF), also informally known as the Japanese Armed Forces, are the unified ''de facto''Since Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution outlaws the formation of armed forces, the ...

's tradition to fight such monsters in the films, as well as comparing said dragon with

at one point. *Godzilla and Gamera had been referenced and appear many times throughout the Dr. Slump series. *In '' Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero'', there is a dimension that is filled with giant monsters that live on one island where they co-exist with humans that live on a city island. *In "

Sorcerous Stabber Orphen is a Japanese light novel series written by Yoshinobu Akita. It was adapted into manga, five anime television series (''Sorcerous Stabber Orphen'', ''Sorcerous Stabber Orphen 2: Revenge'', ''Sorcerous Stabber Orphen'' (2020) ...

" series ''kaiju'' are sent as a form of punishment for the breakage of everlasting laws of the world by the Goddesses of Fate. *Batholith The Summit Kaiju (Japanese: バソリス) is a mountain (kaiju) originating from "Summit Kaiju International" an American media company based in Denver, Colorado. Batholith was first introduced to Godzilla fan during G-Fest 2017, which is an annual convention devoted to the Godzilla film franchise. Batholith The Summit Kaiju has appearing in various print media, including Famous Monsters of Filmland "Ack-Ives: Godzilla Magazine, MyKaiju Godzilla Magazine MyKaiju Godzilla Magazine, Summit Kaiju online video series and other online media related to the Godzilla and Kaiju genre. *In the "

" series of novels, Kaiju, also known as Gestorumque, are genetic weapons sent by an alien race. * Naoki Urasawa's 2013 one-shot manga "

Kaiju Kingdom is a Japanese anthology of manga written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa. It collects eight varied short stories that are loosely thematically linked, and which were originally published in various magazines and publications between 1995 and ...

" follows a "kaiju otaku" in a world where kaiju actually exist. *In the 2019

video game 13 Sentinels: Aegis Rim, protagonists battle large mechanized aliens called Kaiju. *In John Scalzi's 2022 book The Kaiju Preservation Society, Kaiju are a species of gigantic monsters that exist in a parallel earth accessible through radiation sources.

References

{{Film genres Film genres Giant monster films Japanese entertainment terms Postwar Japan Fantasy genres Anime and manga genres

Etymology

Terminology

''Kaijū eiga''

''Kaijin''

''Daikaiju''

''Seijin''

Monster techniques

Selected media

Films

Manga

Novels

Comics

Video games

Board games

Television

Other appearances

See also

References