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Sør-Trøndelag () was a county comprising the southern portion of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. It bordered the old
Nord-Trøndelag Nord-Trøndelag (; "North Trøndelag") was a county constituting the northern part of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. The county was established in 1804 when the old Trondhjems amt was divided into two: Nordre Trondhjems amt and S ...
county as well as the counties of
Møre og Romsdal Møre og Romsdal (; en, Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the ...
, Oppland, and Hedmark. To the west is the Norwegian Sea ( Atlantic Ocean), and to the east is
Jämtland Jämtland (; no, Jemtland or , ; Jamtish: ''Jamtlann''; la, Iemptia) is a historical province () in the centre of Sweden in northern Europe. It borders Härjedalen and Medelpad to the south, Ångermanland to the east, Lapland to the north a ...
in
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
. The county was separated into a northern and southern part by the Trondheimsfjord. Slightly over 200,000 of the county's population (or around 55%) lives in the city of Trondheim and its suburbs. The Norwegian dialect of the region is Trøndersk. The region was divided into two administrative counties in 1804. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county on 1 January 2018.


Name

The name ''Sør-Trøndelag'' was created in 1919. It means '(the) southern (part of) Trøndelag'. Until 1919 the name of the county was ''Søndre Trondhjems amt''. The meaning of this name was '(the) southern (part of) Trondhjems
amt Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'. (The old ''Trondhjems amt'', created in 1662, was divided in 1804. ''Trondhjem'' is the old form of Trondheim.) See also
Nord-Trøndelag Nord-Trøndelag (; "North Trøndelag") was a county constituting the northern part of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. The county was established in 1804 when the old Trondhjems amt was divided into two: Nordre Trondhjems amt and S ...


Coat of arms

The coat of arms was from modern times (1983) - but it had old roots: it was the seal of , archbishop of Trondheim 1475–1510.


Geography

Sør-Trøndelag consisted of 25 municipalities and had a total area of . Trondheim is the largest city and the county's administrative center. The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is at the center of this county, although the coastal areas stretch somewhat further north. The mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen are located in the south, while the
Fosen Fosen is a traditional district in Trøndelag, consisting of the municipalities Osen, Roan Åfjord, Ørland, Indre Fosen, Orkland, Heim, Hitra and Frøya. The district is dominated by forested valleys, lakes, coastal cliffs but also shallow a ...
peninsula is located north of the fjord. The highest mountain is the tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Trøndelag. Its longest river is
Orkla Orkla may refer to: Places * Orkla (river), a river in Trøndelag county, Norway Business * Orkla Group (or ''Orkla ASA''), a large Norwegian company * Orkla Mining Company, a historic company in Norway * Orkla Metall, a former smelting company in ...
which runs through Trøndelag and the old county of Hedmark which is now part of Innlandet county. Several of the best salmon rivers in Europe are located in the county, the largest and most famous being
Gaula Gaula or GAULA may refer to: Places * Gaula (Madeira), a civil parish in the municipality of Santa Cruz in the island of Madeira in Portugal * Gaula (Trøndelag), a river in Trøndelag county in Norway * ''Gaula river valley'' or Gauldalen, a vall ...
and
Orkla Orkla may refer to: Places * Orkla (river), a river in Trøndelag county, Norway Business * Orkla Group (or ''Orkla ASA''), a large Norwegian company * Orkla Mining Company, a historic company in Norway * Orkla Metall, a former smelting company in ...
. Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park,
Forollhogna National Park Forollhogna National Park ( no, Forollhogna nasjonalpark) is a national park in the counties of Trøndelag and Innlandet in Norway. Forollhogna (or ''Forelhogna'') park includes extensive plant life and is an important range for wild reindeer. T ...
, Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park and
Femundsmarka National Park Femundsmarka National Park ( no, Femundsmarka nasjonalpark) is a national park in Innlandet and Trøndelag counties in Norway. The landscape is largely marshes and lakes (it lies adjacent to Norway's second largest natural lake, Femunden). It is ...
are located, or partly located, in the county.


History

People have lived in this region for thousands of years (see
Rock carvings in Central Norway Central Norway is a region in Norway, comprising Trøndelag as well as parts of the Nordland and Møre og Romsdal counties. This region of Norway contains approximately 300 rock carving and rock painting sites from the Stone Age and Bronze Age. The ...
,
Nøstvet and Lihult cultures The Nøstvet culture (c. 6200 BC – 3200 BC) and the Lihult culture are two very similar Mesolithic cultures in Scandinavian prehistory derived from the earlier Fosna-Hensbacka cultures. They are so varied and vaguely defined that they are rathe ...
and Corded Ware culture). The fertile lowland bordering the Trondheimsfjord was probably the most important power centre in the Viking Age. Oretinget was an assembly hall located alongside the Nid River in Trondheim that served as the coronation place for Viking kings such as Harald Fairhair (865 to 933 AD) and his son
Haakon I the Good Haakon Haraldsson (c. 920–961), also Haakon the Good (Old Norse language, Old Norse: ''Hákon góði'', Norwegian language, Norwegian: ''Håkon den gode'') and Haakon Adalsteinfostre (Old Norse language, Old Norse: ''Hákon Aðalsteinsfóstri' ...
. Nidaros (the former name of Trondheim) served as Norway's capital during the Viking era up until the early part of the 13th century. Trondheim was the seat of the archbishop for several centuries, and an important pilgrimage destination following the death of St Olav in 1030. Røros, in the southeastern part of the county, is a well-preserved mining town on a mountain plateau, and is a Unesco World Heritage Site.


Economy

Mining in Røros and Løkken in Meldal lasted for about 300 years, and
Thamshavnbanen , logo = , logo_width = , logo_alt = , image_name = Bårdshaug stasjon.jpeg , image_width = , image_alt = , caption = Passenger train at Bårdshaug Station in 191 ...
, the old electric railway from
Orkdal Orkdal is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined Orkland Municipality. It was part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipal ...
to Løkken, is still usable. The constant fires used to crack the rock in the mines demanded vast amounts of firewood; the montane forests on the mountain plateau near Røros still have not fully recovered. Along the coast, fishing has always been important. Farming was and still is important in the whole county, with the most economical important agriculture taking place in the fertile lowland valleys, such as in Melhus, Orkdal, Skaun,
Midtre Gauldal Midtre Gauldal is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Støren. Other villages in the municipality include Singsås, Soknedal, Enodden, an ...
, Malvik and Trondheim, but also near the outer seaboard, such as in Ørland and Rissa. The city of Trondheim has always been at the centre of this area, with administrative functions, as well as industry based on agricultural produce, and more recently education, high-tech business and healthcare.


Transportation

Sør-Trøndelag is connected to the other counties by the European Route 6 (E6) which passes by Trondheim and connects Oslo in the south and runs north along the coast and terminates just east of
Kirkenes Kirkenes (; ; Skolt Sami: ''Ǩeârkknjargg;'' fi, Kirkkoniemi; ; russian: Киркенес) is a List of towns and cities in Norway, town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town ...
in Finnmark. European route E39 connects Sør-Trøndelag to Møre og Romsdal. There are two airports in Sør-Trøndelag: Røros airport and Ørland airport. Trondheim's airport, Værnes, is actually located in Stjørdal in Nord-Trøndelag. There are local trains that connect several municipalities; there are also trains that connect Trondheim to Oslo, Bodø, Røros, and Steinkjer in Norway, as well as Storlien in
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
. Hurtigruten's coastal liner has daily, early- to mid-morning stops in Trondheim on both north- and south-bound trips. There are also frequent commuter boats that connect smaller communities including some that connect Trondheim to Vanviken as well as other ports of call including: Brekstad; Kjørsvikbugen; Volden, Hitra; and Kristiansund. Additionally, during the summer months larger cruise ships stop in Trondheim.


Climate

The weather is very much decided by the direction of the wind; southerlies and easterlies bring sunny weather, while westerlies bring precipitation with mild weather in winter and cool rainy weather in summer. Northwesterlies bring the worst weather with snow in winter (often sleet or rain on the coast). Average yearly precipitation varies from 2,000 mm in some areas of
Fosen Fosen is a traditional district in Trøndelag, consisting of the municipalities Osen, Roan Åfjord, Ørland, Indre Fosen, Orkland, Heim, Hitra and Frøya. The district is dominated by forested valleys, lakes, coastal cliffs but also shallow a ...
, to 850 mm in Trondheim and only 500 mm in Oppdal. The interior areas at somewhat higher elevations have cold winters with reliable snow cover, while the coastal areas have a maritime climate with mild and more windy winters. Sula in Frøya municipality has an average of 1.5 °C (34 °F) in the coldest month.MET.no
kommuner Temperaturnormaler/Nedbørnormaler for Frøya i perioden 1961 - 1990
Røros, at an altitude of 628 m (2,000 ft), has a January average of -11.2 °C (12 °F; Summer temperatures do not differ that much; sheltered lowlands a bit inland will have the warmest summers. ''Base period 1961-1990.''


Gallery

File:Vinjefjorden.jpg, Vinjefjorden in
Hemne Hemne is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it was incorporated into Heim Municipality. It was part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the mun ...
. Image:Nidarosdomen-Olavsfestdagene-Trondheim-2005.jpg,
Nidaros Cathedral Nidaros Cathedral ( no, Nidarosdomen / Nidaros Domkirke) is a Church of Norway cathedral located in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county. It is built over the burial site of Olav II of Norway, King Olav II (c. 995–1030, reigned 1015–102 ...
, Trondheim Image:Rorosmartna 20070220.JPG, ''Rørosmartna'' - Røros winter market; February 2007 Image:Sula, Frøya.JPG, Sula island in Frøya municipality


Municipalities


References

{{Authority control States and territories disestablished in 2018 Former counties of Norway 2018 disestablishments in Norway