Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
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''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (1887–1915) by
Adolf Engler Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families''), edited with ...
(1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the
Engler system One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored. His influence is reflected in the use of the terms "Engler School" and ...
of plant taxonomy. Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use
phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
principles, and reflected the new post-
Darwinian Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that ...
perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was. His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his ''Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden'' (of which he was the director). ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' appeared in 23 volumes. An incomplete second edition was issued in 28 parts (1924-1980), although Engler had died in 1930. It is still considered one of the few true World Floras.


First edition (1887–1915)

The complete 23 volume work was published in four parts (''Teil''), together with supplements and indices. The volumes are arranged as follows: * Teil (section) 1: ** Abt. 1, 1897; Myxothallophyta (Abt. I): Myxomycetes. Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Fungi (Eumycetes): Phycomycetes & Ascomycetes. ** Abt. 1*, 1907; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Eumycetes: Lichenes. ** Abt. 1**, 1900; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Eumycetes: Basidiomycetes & Fungi imperfecti. ** Abt. 1a, 1900; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Schyzophyta & Flagellata. ** Abt. 1b, 1896; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Peridiniales (Gymnodiniaceae, Prorocentraceae, Peridiniaceae) and Bacillariaceae. ** Abt. 2, 1897; Euthallophyta (Abt. II): Euphyceae. ** Abt. 3, Hälfte 1, 1909; Embryophyta zoidiogama (Abt. III): Hepaticae & Musci. ** Abt. 3, Hälfte 2, 1909; Embryophyta zoidiogama (Abt. III): Musci. ** Abt. 4 1902; Embryophyta asiphonogama (Abt. III): Pteridophyta. * Teil 2: ** Abt. 1, 1889; Embroyophyta siphonogama (Abt. IV): Gymnospermae & Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae: Thyphaceae etc.). ** Abt. 2, 1887; Monocotyledoneae: Gramineae & Cyperaceae. ** Abt. 3, 1889; Monocotyledoneae: Palmae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1888; Monocotyledoneae: Flagellariaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1888; Monocotyledoneae: Juncaceae etc. ** Abt. 6, 1889; Monocotyledoneae: Musaceae etc. * Teil 3: ** Abt. 1, 1889; Dicotyledonae: Saururaceae etc. ** Abt. 1a, 1893; Dicotyledoneae: Polygonaceae etc. ** Abt. 1b, 1889; Dicotyledoneae: Phytolaccaceae etc. ** Abt. 2, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Nymphaeaceae etc. ** Abt. 2a, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Podostomataceae etc. ** Abt. 3. 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Rosaceae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1896; Dicotyledoneae: Geraniaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1896; Dicotyledoneae: Euphorbiaceae etc. ** Abt. 6, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Elaeocarpaceae etc. ** Abt. 6a, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Flacourtiaceae etc. (Index 6–8 p. 272) ** Abt. 7, 1893; Dicotyledoneae: Lythraceae etc. ** Abt. 8, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Araliaceae etc. * Teil 4: ** Abt. 1, 1897; Dicotyledoneae: Clethraceae etc. ** Abt. 2, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Oleaceae etc. ** Abt. 3a, 1897; Dicotyledoneae: Convolvulaceae etc. ** Abt. 3b, 1895; Dicotyledoneae: Nolanaceae etc. ** Abt. 4, 1891; Dicotyledoneae: Rubiaceae etc. ** Abt. 5, 1894; Dicotyledoneae: Cucurbitaceae etc. * Nachträge (supplements) ** Teil 1, Abt. 2, Nachträge, 1911 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 1, 1897 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 2, 1900 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 3 (or Ergänzungshefte 2), 1908 ** Teilen 2–4, Nachträge 4 (or Ergänzungshefte 3), 1915 * Gesamtregister (index) ** Teil 1, Gesamtregister, 1909. ** Teil 2–4, Gesamtregister, 1899.


Synopsis

The major groupings (''Abteilung'', ''Unterabteilung''), with selected lower rankings are shown here with olume numberand page number. N (''Nachträge'' = supplement). * Abteilung Myxothallophyta (Myxomycetes) (1)1897 * Abteilung Euthallophyta ** Unterabteilung Fungi (Eumycetes) ** Unterabteilung Schizophyta (1a)1900 *** Klasse Schizomycetes (Bacteria) *** Klasse Schizophyceae (Myxophycaceae) p. 45 *** Klasse Flagellata p. 93 **** Unterklasse
Peridiniales Peridiniales is an order of dinoflagellates. Below is a uncritical list of the families in Peridinales, but molecular phylogenetics circumscribe the group in a stricter sense.Žerdoner Čalasan A, J Kretschmann & M Gottschling (2019): ''They are ...
(1b)p. 1 **** Unterklasse Bacillariales (Diatomeae) p. 34 ***** Fam. Bacillariaceae ** Unterabteilung Euphyceae (Algae) (2)*** Klasse Conjugatae *** Klasse Chlorophyceae *** Klasse Characeae *** Klasse Phaeophyceae (Fucoideae) *** Klasse Dictyotales *** Klasse Rhodophyceae * Abteilung
Embryophyta The Embryophyta (), or land plants, are the most familiar group of green plants that comprise vegetation on Earth. Embryophytes () have a common ancestor with green algae, having emerged within the Phragmoplastophyta clade of green algae as siste ...
Zoidiogama ( Archegoniatae) (later Embryophyta Asiphonogama) (3)1909 ** Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) *** Klasse Hepaticae p. 1 *** Klasse
Musci Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) ''sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hornw ...
p. 142 ** Unterabteilung
Pteridophyta A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as " cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns ...
(4)1902 * Abteilung
Embryophyta The Embryophyta (), or land plants, are the most familiar group of green plants that comprise vegetation on Earth. Embryophytes () have a common ancestor with green algae, having emerged within the Phragmoplastophyta clade of green algae as siste ...
Siphonogama I (1)1889 ** Unterabteilung
Gymnospermae The gymnosperms ( lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, '' Ginkgo'', and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in el, γυμνό ...
I(1)p. 6 ** Unterabteilung Angiospermae I (1)p. 128 *** Klasse
Monocotyledoneae Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of t ...
p. 183 I–III**** Fam. Gramineae I (2)p. 1 **** Fam. Palmae I(3)p. 1 **** Fam. Flagellariaceae I(4)p. 1 **** Fam. Juncaceae II(5) p. 1 1888 **** Fam. Liliaceae pp. 10–91 12 subfamilies ***** Melanthioideae ***** Herrerioideae ***** Asphodeloideae ***** Allioideae *****
Lilioideae The Lilioideae are a subfamily of monocotyledonous perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family, Liliaceae. They are found predominantly in the temperate and colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly Eas ...
p. 60 2 tribes ******
Tulipeae The Tulipeae ( syn. Tulipoideae) Duby is a tribe of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the Liliaceae (lily) family. As originally conceived by Duby (1828), "Tulipaceae" was a tribe within Liliaceae, consisting ...
p. 60 ****** Scilleae p. 63 ***** Dracaenoideae ***** Asparagoideae ***** Ophiopogonoideae **** Fam. Haemodoraceae p. 92 **** Fam. Amaryllidaceae Pax I(5)pp. 97–124 4 subfamilies ***** Amaryllidoideae p. 103 ***** Agavoideae p. 115 ***** Hypoxidoideae p. 119 ***** Campynematoideae p. 124 **** Fam. Musaceae I (6)p. 1 1889 **** Fam. Saururaceae II (1)p. 1 1889 *** Klasse Dicotyledoneae V1897 **** Unterklasse Archichlamydeae II(6) p. 1 ***** Fam. Elaeocarpaceae p. 1 ***** ... ***** Fam. Violaceae p. 322 ***** Fam. Flacourtiaceae (6a) p. 1 ***** ... ***** Fam. Elaeagnaceae p. 246 *Index to Teil I (6a) *Index to Teil 2–IV *Index to II(5)


Second edition 1924–

* Bd. 1b: Schizophyta. Klasse Schizophyceae. 1942 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 2: Peridineae (Dinoflagellatae) - Diatomeae (Bacillariophyta) - Myxomycetes. 1928 ** E. Lindemann, Peridineae - G. Karsten, Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) - E. Jahn, Myxomycetes * Bd. 3: Chlorophyceae (nebst Conjugatae, Heterocontae und Charophyta). 1927 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 5a: I: Eumycetes: Allgemeiner Teil: Bau, Entwicklung und Lebensweise der Pilze. 1943 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 5b. 8: Eumycecetes (Fungi) – Klasse: Ascomycetes, Reihe Euascales, Unterreihe VIII: Tuberineae. 1938 * Bd. 6: Eumycetes (Fungi): Basidiomycetes. 1928 ** P. Dietel, 1. Unterklasse: Hemibasidii - S. Killermann, 2. Unterklasse: Eubasidii, Reihe Hymenomyceteae * Bd. 7a: Eumycetes (Fungi) – Klasse: Basidiomycetes. 1933 (reprint 1959) * Bd. 8: Lichenes (Flechten). 1926 ** M. Fünfstück, A. Allgemeiner Teil - A. Zahlbruckner, B. Spezieller Teil: Ascolichenes (Schlauchflechten); Hymenolichenes (Basidiomycetenflechten) * Bd. 10-11: Embryophyta zoidiogama (Archegoniatae): Musci (Laubmoose), Hälfte 1–2. 1924- ** Bd. 10: Musci (Laubmoose), 1. Hälfte. 1924 (reprint 1960) ** W. Ruhland, Musci, Allgemeiner Teil - W. Ruhland, I. Unterklasse Sphagnales: Allgemeine Verhältnisse - H. Paul, Sphagnaceae (Torfmoose) - W. Ruhland, II. Unterklasse Andreaeales: Allgemeine Verhältnisse - V. F. Brotherus, Andreaeaceae - W. Ruhland, III. Unterklasse Bryales: I. Allgemeine Verhältnisse - V. F. Brotherus, II. Spezieller Teil - 1. Reihengruppe Eubryinales; 1. Reihe Fissidentales, 2. Reihe Dicranales, 3. Reihe Pottiales, 4. Reihe Grimmiales, 5. Reihe Funariales, 6. Reihe Schistostegiales, 7. Reihe Tetraphidales, 8. Reihe Eubryales ** Bd. 11: Musci (Laubmoose), 2. Hälfte. 1925 (reprint 1960)
Bd. 13: Embryophyta siphonogama: Gymnospermae. 1926 (reprint 1960)
** W. Gothan, Cycadofilices - R. Pilger, Cycadales - R. Kräusel, Fossile Cycadaceae, Bennettitales - R. Pilger, Ginkgoales - R. Kräusel, Fossile Ginkgoaceae, Cordaitales - R. Pilger, Coniferae - A. Engler, Geographische Verbreitung der Coniferae - R. Kräusel, Fossile Coniferae - F. Markgraf, Gnetales * Bd. 14a-20d: Embryophyta siphonogama: Angiospermae. 1926-1959 ** Bd. 14a: Angiospermae: Kurze Erläuterung der Blüten- und Fortpflanzungsverhältnisse. 1926 ** Bd. 14d: Angiospermae: Reihe Graminales (Glumiflorae). Gramineae II. 1956 ** Unterfamilien: Micrairoideae, Eragrostoideae, Oryzoideae, Olyroideae ** Bd. 14e: Gramineae III. 1956–1960 ** Bd. 15a: Angiospermae: Reihen Farinosae, Liliiflorae, Scitamineae. 1930 ** A. Engler, ''Flagellariaceae, Cyanastraceae'' - C. Gilg-Benedict, ''Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae'' - R. Pilger, ''Mayacaceae, Thurniaceae, Rapateaceae, Philydraceae'' - G. O. A. Malme, ''Xyridaceae'' - W. Ruhland, ''Eriocaulaceae'' - H. Harms, ''Bromeliaceae'' - G. Brückner, ''Commelinaceae'' - O. Schwartz, ''Pontederiaceae'' - F. Vierhapper, ''Juncaceae'' - K. Krause, ''Stemonaceae, Liliaceae'' - F. Pax, ''Haemodoraceae, Amaryllidaceae'' - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, ''Velloziaceae, Taccaceae'' - R. Knuth, ''Dioscoreaceae'' - L. Diels, ''Iridaceae'' - H. Winkler, ''Musaceae, Cannaceae'' - T. Loesener, ''Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae'' ** Bd. 16b: Angiospermae: Reihen Santalales, Aristolochiales, Balanophorales. 1935 (reprint 1960) ** Bd. 16c: Angiospermae: Reihe Centrospermae. 1934 (reprint 1960) ** H. Schinz, Amaranthaceae - A. Heimerl, Nyctaginaceae - A. Heimerl, Phytolaccaceae - A. Heimerl, Gyrostemonaceae - A. Heimerl, Achatocarpaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Aizoaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Portulacaceae - E. Ulbrich, Basellaceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Dysphaniaceae; Caryophyllaceae - J. Mattfeld, Nachtrag zu den Caryophyllaceae - E. Ulbrich, Thelygonaceae - E. Ulbrich, Chenopodiaceae ** Bd. 17a: II: Angiospermae: Reihe Magnoliales. (2. Teil). 1959 ** Bd. 17a: IV: Angiospermae: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae 1995 ** Bd. 17b: Angiospermae: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales: Reihen Rhoeadales und Sarraceniales. 1936 (reprint 1960) ** F. Fedde, Papaveraceae - F. Pax / K. Hoffmann, Capparidaceae, Tovariaceae - O. E. Schulz, Cruciferae - F. Bolle, Resedaceae - F. Pax, Moringaceae, Bretschneideraceae - J. C. T. Uphof, Sarraceniaceae - H. Harms, Nepenthaceae - L. Diels, Droseraceae ** Bd. 18a: Angiospermae: Reihe Podostemonales – Reihe Rosales, Unterreihe Saxifragineae. 1930 ** A. Engler, Podostemonaceae - L. Diels, Cephalotaceae - A. Engler, Saxifragaceae, Brunelliaceae, Cunoniaceae - F. Niedenzu / A. Engler, Myrothamnaceae - E. Pritzel, Pittosporaceae - L. Diels, Byblidaceae - F. Niedenzu / H. Harms, Bruniaceae - H. Harms, Hamamelidaceae - L. Diels, Roridulaceae - H. Harms, Eucommiaceae - A. Berger, Crassulaceae ** Bd. 19a: Angiospermae: Reihe Pandales – Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihe Geraniineae (erster Teil). 1931 ** Bd. 19b: I: Angiospermae, Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihe Geraniineae (2. Teil) 1960 ** Bd. 19c: Angiospermae: Reihe Geraniales, Unterreihen Dichapetalineae, Tricoccae, Callitrichineae. 1931 ** Bd. 20b: Angiospermae: Reihe Sapindales, Unterreihen Celastrineae und Icacinineae. 1942 (reprint 1960) ** Bd. 20d: Angiospermae, Reihe Rhamnales. 1953
Bd. 21: Embryophyta siphonogama: Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Archichlamydeae. 1925, reprint 1960
** Parietales und Opuntiales. ** E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Dilleniaceae - E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Actinidiaceae - E. Gilg, Eucryphiaceae - E. Gilg, Ochnaceae - R. Pilger, Caryocaraceae - E. Gilg / E. Werdermann, Marcgraviaceae - A. Engler, Quiinaceae - H. Melchior, Theaceae - A. Engler, Guttiferae - E. Gilg, Dipterocarpaceae - F. Niedenzu, Elatinaceae - F. Niedenzu, Frankeniaceae - F. Niedenzu, Tamaricaceae - E. Janchen, Cistaceae - R. Pilger, Bixaceae - F. Pilger, Cochlospermaceae - E. Gilg, Canellaceae - H. Melchior, Violaceae - W. Becker, Viola - E. Gilg, Flacourtiaceae - E. Gilg, Stachyuraceae - E. Gilg, Turneraceae - H. Harms, Malesherbiaceae - H. Harms, Passifloraceae - H. Harms, Achariaceae - H. Harms, Caricaceae - E. Gilg, Loasaceae - E. Gilg, Datiscaceae - E. Irmscher, Begoniaceae - E. Gilg, Ancistrocladaceae - F. Vaupel, Cactaceae * Bd. 28b: I: Angiospermae: Ordnung Gentianales, Fam. Loganiaceae 1980 ''For comparative indices between the first and second editions (Parts 1–24), see Morley 1984.''


References


Bibliography


Works by Engler

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* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien Botany books