Cunny

''Cunt'' () is a vulgar word for the vulva or vagina. It is used in a variety of ways, including as a term of disparagement. Reflecting national variations, ''cunt'' can be used as a disparaging and obscene term for a woman in the United States, an unpleasant or stupid man or woman in the United Kingdom, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand. However, in Australia and New Zealand it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt"). The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses.

Feminist writer and English professor Germaine Greer argues that ''cunt'' "is one of the few remaining words in the English language with a genuine power to shock".

History

The earliest known use of the word, according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', was as part of a placename of a London street, Gropecunt Lane, . Use of the word as a term of abuse is relatively recent, dating from the late nineteenth century. The word appears not to have been taboo in the Middle Ages, but became taboo towards the end of the eighteenth century, and was then not generally admissible in print until the latter part of the twentieth century.

Etymology

The etymology of ''cunt'' is a matter of debate, but most sources consider the word to have derived from a Germanic word (Proto-Germanic ''*kuntō'', stem ''*kuntōn-''), which appeared as ' in Old Norse. Scholars are uncertain of the origin of the Proto-Germanic form itself. There are cognates in most Germanic languages, most of which also have the same meaning as the English cunt, such as the Swedish, Faroese and Nynorsk '; West Frisian and Middle Low German '; another Middle Low German '; Middle High German ' (meaning ""); modern German '; Middle Dutch '; modern Dutch words ' (same meaning) and ' ("butt"); and perhaps Old English '.

The etymology of the Proto-Germanic term is disputed. It may have arisen by Grimm's law operating on the Proto-Indo-European root ' "" seen in gonads, genital, gamete, genetics, gene, or the Proto-Indo-European root ' "" ( el, italic=yes, gunê, seen in gynaecology). Relationships to similar-sounding words such as the Latin ' (""), and its derivatives French ', Spanish ', and Portuguese ', or in Persian ' (), have not been conclusively demonstrated. Other Latin words related to '' cunnus'' are ' ("") and its derivative ' ("", (figurative) ""), leading to English words such as ''cuneiform'' (""). In Middle English, ''cunt'' appeared with many spellings, such as ', ' and ', which did not always reflect the actual pronunciation of the word.

The word, in its modern meaning, is attested in Middle English. ''Proverbs of Hendyng'', a manuscript from some time before 1325, includes the advice:

Offensiveness

Generally

The word ''cunt'' is generally regarded in English-speaking countries as profanity and unsuitable for normal public discourse. It has been described as "the most heavily tabooed word of all English words", although John Ayto, editor of the '' Oxford Dictionary of Slang'', says "nigger" is more taboo.

Feminist perspectives

Some American feminists of the 1970s sought to eliminate disparaging terms for women, including "bitch" and "cunt". In the context of pornography, Catharine MacKinnon argued that use of the word acts to reinforce a dehumanisation of women by reducing them to mere body parts; and in 1979 Andrea Dworkin described the word as reducing women to "the one essential – 'cunt: our essence ... our offence'".

Despite criticisms, there is a movement among feminists that seeks to reclaim ''cunt'' not only as acceptable, but as an honorific, in much the same way that '' queer'' has been reappropriated by LGBT people and ''nigger'' has been by some African-Americans. Proponents include artist Tee Corinne in ''The Cunt Coloring Book'' (1975); Eve Ensler in "Reclaiming Cunt" from ''The Vagina Monologues'' (1996); and Inga Muscio in her book, '' Cunt: A Declaration of Independence'' (1998);.

Germaine Greer, the feminist writer and professor of English who once published a magazine article entitled "Lady, Love Your Cunt" (anthologised in 1986), discussed the origins, usage and power of the word in the BBC series ''Balderdash and Piffle'', explaining how her views had developed over time. In the 1970s she had "championed" the use of the word for the female genitalia, thinking it "shouldn't be abusive"; she rejected the "proper" word ''vagina'', a Latin name meaning "sword-sheath" originally applied by male anatomists to all muscle coverings (see synovial sheath) – not just because it refers only to the internal canal but also because of the implication that the female body is "simply a receptacle for a weapon". But in 2006, referring to its use as a term of abuse, she said that, though used in some quarters as a term of affection, it had become "the most offensive insult one man could throw at another" and suggested that the word was "sacred", and "a word of immense power, to be used sparingly".

Usage: pre-twentieth century

''Cunt'' has been attested in its anatomical meaning since at least the 13th century. While Francis Grose's 1785 ''A Classical Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue'' listed the word as "C**T: a nasty name for a nasty thing", it did not appear in any major English dictionary from 1795 to 1961, when it was included in ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'' with the comment "usu. considered obscene". Its first appearance in the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' was in 1972, which cites the word as having been in use from 1230 in what was supposedly a London street name of "Gropecunte Lane". It was, however, also used before 1230, having been brought over by the Anglo-Saxons, originally not an obscenity but rather an ordinary name for the vulva or vagina. Gropecunt Lane was originally a street of prostitution, a red light district. It was normal in the Middle Ages for streets to be named after the goods available for sale therein, hence the prevalence in cities having a medieval history of names such as "Silver Street" and "Fish Street". In some locations, the former name has been bowdlerised, as in the City of York, to the more acceptable "Grape Lane".

The somewhat similar word 'queynte' appears several times in Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales'' (c. 1390), in bawdy contexts, but since it is used openly, does not appear to have been considered obscene at that time. A notable use is from the " Miller's Tale": "Pryvely he caught her by the queynte." The Wife of Bath also uses this term, "For certeyn, olde dotard, by your leave/You shall have queynte right enough at eve .... What aileth you to grouche thus and groan?/Is it for ye would have my queynte alone?" In modernised versions of these passages the word "queynte" is usually translated simply as "cunt". However, in Chaucer's usage there seems to be an overlap between the words "cunt" and "quaint" (possibly derived from the Latin for "known"). "Quaint" was probably pronounced in Middle English in much the same way as "cunt". It is sometimes unclear whether the two words were thought of as distinct from one another. Elsewhere in Chaucer's work the word ''queynte'' seems to be used with meaning comparable to the modern "quaint" (curious or old-fashioned, but nevertheless appealing). This ambiguity was still being exploited by the 17th century; Andrew Marvell's ''... then worms shall try / That long preserved virginity, / And your quaint honour turn to dust, / And into ashes all my lust'' in ''To His Coy Mistress'' depends on a pun on these two senses of "quaint".

By Shakespeare's day, the word seems to have become obscene. Although Shakespeare does not use the word explicitly (or with derogatory meaning) in his plays, he still uses wordplay to sneak it in obliquely. In Act III, Scene 2, of ''Hamlet'', as the castle's residents are settling in to watch the play-within-the-play, Hamlet asks his girlfriend Ophelia, "Lady, shall I lie in your lap?" Ophelia replies, "No, my lord." Hamlet, feigning shock, says, "Do you think I meant ''country matters''?" Then, to drive home the point that the accent is definitely on the first syllable of ''country'', Shakespeare has Hamlet say, "That's a fair thought, to lie between maids' legs." In ''Twelfth Night'' (Act II, Scene V) the puritanical Malvolio believes he recognises his employer's handwriting in an anonymous letter, commenting "There be her very Cs, her Us, and her Ts: and thus makes she her great Ps", unwittingly punning on "cunt" and "piss", and while it has also been argued that the slang term "cut" is intended, Pauline Kiernan writes that Shakespeare ridicules "prissy puritanical party-poopers" by having "a Puritan spell out the word 'cunt' on a public stage". A related scene occurs in ''Henry V'': when Katherine is learning English, she is appalled at the "''gros, et impudique''" words "foot" and "gown", which her teacher has mispronounced as "''coun''". It is usually argued that Shakespeare intends to suggest that she has misheard "foot" as "''foutre''" (French, "fuck") and "coun" as "''con''" (French "cunt", also used to mean "idiot").

Similarly John Donne alludes to the obscene meaning of the word without being explicit in his poem '' The Good-Morrow'', referring to sucking on "country pleasures". The 1675 Restoration comedy '' The Country Wife'' also features such word play, even in its title.

By the 17th century a softer form of the word, "cunny", came into use. A well-known use of this derivation can be found in the 25 October 1668 entry of the diary of Samuel Pepys. He was discovered having an affair with Deborah Willet: he wrote that his wife "coming up suddenly, did find me embracing the girl con ithmy hand sub ndersu ercoats; and endeed I was with my main andin her cunny. I was at a wonderful loss upon it and the girl also ...."

''Cunny'' was probably derived from a pun on '' coney'', meaning "rabbit", rather as '' pussy'' is connected to the same term for a cat. ( Philip Massinger (1583–1640): "A pox upon your Christian cockatrices! They cry, like poulterers' wives, 'No money, no coney.'") Because of this slang use as a synonym for a taboo term, the word "coney", when it was used in its original sense to refer to rabbits, came to be pronounced as (rhymes with "phoney"), instead of the original (rhymes with "honey"). Eventually, the taboo association led to the word "coney" becoming deprecated entirely and replaced by the word "rabbit".

Robert Burns (1759–1796) used the word in his '' Merry Muses of Caledonia'', a collection of bawdy verses which he kept to himself and were not publicly available until the mid-1960s. In "Yon, Yon, Yon, Lassie", this couplet appears: "For ilka birss upon her cunt, Was worth a ryal ransom" ("For every hair upon her cunt was worth a royal ransom").

Usage: modern

As a term of abuse

Merriam-Webster states it is a "usually disparaging and obscene" term for a woman, and that it is an "offensive way to refer to a woman" in the United States. In American slang, the term can also be used to refer to "a fellow male homosexual one dislikes". Australian scholar Emma Alice Jane describes how the term as used on modern social media is an example of what she calls "gendered vitriol", and an example of misogynistic e-bile. As a broader derogatory term, it is comparable to ''prick'' and means "a fool, a dolt, an unpleasant person – of either sex".
This sense is common in New Zealand, British, and Australian English, where it is usually applied to men or as referring ''specifically'' to "a despicable, contemptible or foolish" ''man''.

During the 1971 Oz trial for obscenity, prosecuting counsel asked writer George Melly, "Would you call your 10-year-old daughter a cunt?" Melly replied, "No, because I don't think she is."

In the 1975 film '' One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'', the central character McMurphy, when pressed to explain exactly why he does not like the tyrannical Nurse Ratched, says, "Well, I don't want to break up the meeting or nothing, but she's something of a cunt, ain't she, Doc?"

Other usage

In informal British, Irish, New Zealand, and Australian English, and occasionally but to a lesser extent in Canadian English, it can be used with no negative connotations to refer to a (usually male) person. In this sense, it may be modified by a positive qualifier (funny, clever, etc.).For example, ''Glue'' by Irvine Welsh, p. 266, "Billy can be a funny cunt, a great guy ...." For example, "This is my mate Brian. He's a good cunt."

It can also be used to refer to something very difficult or unpleasant (as in "a cunt of a job").

In the Survey of English Dialects the word was recorded in some areas as meaning "the vulva of a cow". This was pronounced as ʌntin Devon, and ʊntin the Isle of Man, Gloucestershire and Northumberland. Possibly related was the word ''cunny'' ʌni with the same meaning, in Wiltshire.

The word "cunty" is also known, although used rarely: a line from Hanif Kureishi's ''My Beautiful Laundrette'' is the definition of England by a Pakistani immigrant as "eating hot buttered toast with cunty fingers", suggestive of hypocrisy and a hidden sordidness or immorality behind the country's quaint façade. This term is attributed to British novelist Henry Green. In the United States, "cunty" is sometimes used in cross-dressing drag ball culture for a drag queen that "projects feminine beauty" and was the title of a hit song by Aviance. A visitor to a New York drag show tells of the emcee praising a queen with "cunty, cunty, cunty" as she walks past.

Frequency of use

Frequency of use varies widely. According to research in 2013 and 2014 by Aston University and the University of South Carolina, based on a corpus of nearly 9 billion words in geotagged tweets, the word was most frequently used in the United States in New England and was least frequently used in the south-eastern states. In Maine, it was the most frequently used "cuss word" after "asshole".

Examples of use

Literature

James Joyce was one of the first major 20th-century novelists to put the word "cunt" into print. In the context of one of the central characters in '' Ulysses'' (1922), Leopold Bloom, Joyce refers to the Dead Sea and to
Joyce uses the word figuratively rather than literally; but while Joyce used the word only once in ''Ulysses'', with four other wordplays ('cunty') on it, D. H. Lawrence used the word ten times in '' Lady Chatterley's Lover'' (1928), in a more direct sense. Mellors, the gamekeeper and eponymous lover, tries delicately to explain the definition of the word to Lady Constance Chatterley: "If your sister there comes ter me for a bit o' cunt an' tenderness, she knows what she's after." The novel was the subject of an unsuccessful UK prosecution in 1961 against its publishers, Penguin Books have guidelines as to how "cunt" and similar words should be treated. In a survey of 2000 commissioned by the British Broadcasting Standards Commission, Independent Television Commission, BBC and Advertising Standards Authority, "cunt" was regarded as the most offensive word which could be heard, above "motherfucker" and " fuck". Nevertheless, there have been occasions when, particularly in a live broadcast, the word has been aired outside editorial control:
* '' The Frost Programme'', broadcas
live on 7 November 1970
was the first time the word was known to have been used on British television, in an aside by Felix Dennis. This incident has since been reshown many times.
* Bernard Manning first said on television the line "They say you are what you eat. I'm a cunt."
* '' This Morning'' broadcast the word in 2000, used by model Caprice Bourret while being interviewed live about her role in ''The Vagina Monologues''.

The first scripted uses of the word on British television occurred in 1979, in the ITV drama ''No Mama No''. In ''Jerry Springer – The Opera'' (BBC, 2005), the suggestion that the Christ character might be gay was found more controversial than the chant describing the Devil as "cunting, cunting, cunting, cunting cunt".

In July 2007 BBC Three broadcast an hour-long documentary, entitled ''The 'C' Word'', about the origins, use and evolution of the word from the early 1900s to the present day. Presented by British comedian Will Smith, viewers were taken to a street in Oxford once called "Gropecunt Lane" and presented with examples of the acceptability of "cunt" as a word. (Note that "the C-word" is also a long-standing euphemism for cancer; Lisa Lynch's book led to a BBC1 drama, both with that title.)

The ''Attitudes to potentially offensive language and gestures on TV and radio'' report by Ofcom, based on research conducted by Ipsos MORI, categorised the usage of the word 'cunt' as a highly unacceptable pre- watershed, but generally acceptable post-watershed, along with 'fuck' and 'motherfucker'. Discriminatory words were generally considered as more offensive than the most offensive non-discriminatory words such as 'cunt' by the UK public, with discriminatory words being more regulated as a result.

United States

The first scripted use on US television was on the '' Larry Sanders Show'' in 1992, and a notable use occurred in ''Sex and the City''. In the US, an episode of the NBC TV show '' 30 Rock'', titled "The C Word", centered around a subordinate calling protagonist Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) a "cunt" and her subsequent efforts to regain her staff's favour. Characters in the popular TV series ''The Sopranos'' often used the term. Jane Fonda uttered the word on a live airing of the ''Today Show'', a network broadcast-TV news program, in 2008 when being interviewed about ''The Vagina Monologues''. In 2018, Canadian comedian Samantha Bee had to apologise after calling Ivanka Trump, a White House official and the daughter of US President Donald Trump, a "feckless cunt".

Radio

On 6 December 2010 on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme, presenter James Naughtie referred to the British Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt as "Jeremy Cunt"; he later apologized for what the BBC called the inadvertent use of "an offensive four-letter word". In the programme following, about an hour later, Andrew Marr referred to the incident during ''Start the Week'' where it was said that "we won't repeat the mistake" whereupon Marr slipped up in the same way as Naughtie had.

Film

In the United States, the word's first appearance was in graffiti on a wall in the 1969 film ''Bronco Bullfrog''. The first spoken use of the word in mainstream cinema occurs in ''Carnal Knowledge'' (1971), in which Jonathan (Jack Nicholson) asks, "Is this an ultimatum? Answer me, you ball-busting, castrating, son of a cunt bitch! Is this an ultimatum or not?" In the same year, the word was used in the film ''Women in Revolt'', in which Holly Woodlawn shouts "I love cunt" whilst avoiding a violent boyfriend. Nicholson later used it again, in '' One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' (1975). Two early films by Martin Scorsese, ''Mean Streets'' (1973) and ''Taxi Driver'' (1976), use the word in the context of the virgin-whore dichotomy, with characters using it after they were rejected (in ''Mean Streets'') or after they have slept with the woman (in ''Taxi Driver'').

In notable instances, the word has been edited out. '' Saturday Night Fever'' (1977) was released in two versions, "R" (Restricted) and "PG" (Parental Guidance), the latter omitting or replacing dialogue such as Tony Manero ( John Travolta)'s comment to Annette ( Donna Pescow), "It's a decision a girl's gotta make early in life, if she's gonna be a nice girl or a cunt". This differential persists, and in '' The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991), Agent Starling (Jodie Foster) meets Dr. Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins) for the first time and passes the cell of "Multiple Miggs", who says to Starling: "I can smell your cunt." In versions of the film edited for television the word is dubbed with the word scent. The 2010 film '' Kick-Ass'' caused a controversy when the word was used by Hit-Girl because the actress playing the part, Chloë Grace Moretz, was 11 years old at the time of filming.

In Britain, use of the word "cunt" may result in an "18" rating from the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), and this happened to Ken Loach's film '' Sweet Sixteen'', because of an estimated twenty uses of "cunt". Still, the BBFC's guidelines at "15" state that "very strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification". Also directed by Loach, ''My Name is Joe'' was given a 15 certificate despite more than one instance of the word. The 2010 Ian Dury biopic ''Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll'' was given a "15" rating despite containing seven uses of the word. The BBFC have also allowed it at the "12" level, in the case of well known works such as Hamlet.

Comedy

In their Derek and Clive dialogues, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, particularly Cook, used the word in the 1976 sketch "This Bloke Came Up To Me", with "cunt" used 35 times. The word is also used extensively by British comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown, which ensures that his stand-up act has never been fully shown on UK television.

Australian stand-up comedian Rodney Rude frequently refers to his audiences as "cunts" and makes frequent use of the word in his acts, which got him arrested in Queensland and Western Australia for breaching obscenity laws of those states in the mid-1980s. Australian comedic singer Kevin Bloody Wilson makes extensive use of the word, most notably in the songs ''Caring Understanding Nineties Type'' and ''You Can't Say "Cunt" in Canada''.

The word appears in American comic George Carlin's 1972 standup routine on the list of the seven dirty words that could not, at that time, be said on American broadcast television, a routine that led to a U. S. Supreme Court decision. While some of the original seven are now heard on US broadcast television from time to time, "cunt" remains generally taboo except on premium paid subscription cable channels like HBO or Showtime. Comedian Louis C.K. uses the term frequently in his stage act as well as on his television show '' Louie'' on FX network, which bleeps it out.

In 2018, Canadian comedian Samantha Bee had to apologise after calling Ivanka Trump a cunt on American late night TV show Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.

Music

The 1977 Ian Dury and The Blockheads album, '' New Boots and Panties'' used the word in the opening line of the track "Plaistow Patricia", thus: "Arseholes, bastards, fucking cunts and pricks", particularly notable as there is no musical lead-in to the lyrics.

In 1979, during a concert at New York's Bottom Line, Carlene Carter introduced a song about mate-swapping called "Swap-Meat Rag" by stating, "If this song doesn't put the cunt back in country, nothing will." However use of the word in lyrics is not recorded before the Sid Vicious's 1978 version of "My Way", which marked the first known use of the word in a UK top 10 hit, as a line was changed to "You cunt/I'm not a queer". The following year, "cunt" was used more explicitly in the song "Why D'Ya Do It?" from Marianne Faithfull's album '' Broken English'':

The Happy Mondays song, "Kuff Dam" (i.e. "Mad fuck" in reverse), from their 1987 debut album, ''Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out)'', includes the lyrics "You see that Jesus is a cunt / And never helped you with a thing that you do, or you don't". Biblical scholar James Crossley, writing in the academic journal, ''Biblical Interpretation'', analyses the Happy Mondays' reference to "Jesus is a cunt" as a description of the "useless assistance" of a now "inadequate Jesus". A phrase from the same lyric, "Jesus is a cunt" was included on the notorious Cradle of Filth T-shirt which depicted a masturbating nun on the front and the slogan "Jesus is a cunt" in large letters on the back. The T-shirt was banned in New Zealand, in 2008.

Liz Phair in "Dance of Seven Veils" on her 1993 album ''Exile in Guyville'', uses the word in the line "I only ask because I'm a real cunt in spring".

The word has been used by numerous non-mainstream bands, such as the Australian band TISM, who released an extended play in 1993 ''Australia the Lucky Cunt'' (a reference to Australia's label the "lucky country"). They also released a single in 1998 entitled " I Might Be a Cunt, but I'm Not a Fucking Cunt", which was banned. The American grindcore band Anal Cunt, on being signed to a bigger label, shortened their name to AxCx.

"Cunt" is uncommon for rap, but there are some examples of its appearance:
* In Busta Rhymes's song "Light Your Ass on Fire" from the Neptunes album ''Clones'', the word appears in a verse ''"I see your little gap between your cunt and yo ass."''
* The word appears once in Nicki Minaj's 2010 song " Roman's Revenge". The song includes the lyric ''"I'm a bad bitch, I'm a cunt."'' She uses this word again in the song "Ganja Burn" from 2018 album ''Queen'', in a verse: ''"Watch them cunts learn"''.
* More recently, in 2012, the word appears 9 times, in two multiply-repeated verses, in Azealia Banks' song "212". She is also known to refer to her fans on Facebook as "kuntz". Banks has said she is "tired" of defending her profanity-laden lyrics from critics, saying they reflect her everyday speech and experiences.
* It also appears in Flo Milli song "Not Friendly", where she sings a verse ''"Stay in your place, you little bitty cunt."''

Computer and video games

The 2004 video game '' Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' was the first major video game to use the word, along with being the first in the series to use the words ''nigga'', ''motherfucker'', and ''cocksucker''. It was used just once, by the British character Kent Paul (voiced by Danny Dyer), who refers to Maccer as a "soppy cunt" in the mission ''Don Peyote.''

The 2004 title '' The Getaway: Black Monday'' by SCEE used the word several times during the game.

In the 2008 title ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' (developed by Rockstar North and distributed by Take Two Interactive), the word, amongst many other expletives, was used by James Pegorino who, after finding out that his personal bodyguard had turned states, exclaimed "The world is a cunt!" while aiming a shotgun at the player.

Linguistic variants and derivatives

Various euphemisms, minced forms and in-jokes are used to imply the word without actually saying it, thereby escaping obvious censure and censorship.

Spoonerisms

Deriving from a dirty joke: "What's the difference between a circus and a strip club?"- "The circus has a bunch of cunning stunts...." The phrase ''cunning stunt'' has been used in popular music. Its first documented appearance was by the English band Caravan, who released the album '' Cunning Stunts'' in July 1975; the title was later used by Metallica for a CD/Video compilation, and in 1992 the Cows released an album with the same title. In his 1980s BBC television programme, Kenny Everett played a vapid starlet, ''Cupid Stunt''.

Acronyms

There are numerous informal acronyms, including various apocryphal stories concerning academic establishments, such as the ''Cambridge University National Trust Society''.

There are many variants of the covering phrase " See you next Tuesday". Creative works with that phrase as a title include a play by Ronald Harwood, the second album by hip hop group FannyPack, a 2013 independent film by Drew Tobia, a song by deathcore band The Acacia Strain on their 2006 album '' The Dead Walk'', a song by Kesha from the 2010 EP ''Cannibal'', and an experimental deathcore band.

A more recent acronym is "Can't Use New Technology" which is thought to originate from IT staff.

Puns

The name "Mike Hunt" is a frequent pun on ''my cunt''; it has been used in a scene from the movie ''Porky's'', and for a character in the BBC
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