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Proverbs Of Hendyng
''The Proverbs of Hendyng'' is a poem from around the second half of the thirteenth century in which one Hendyng, son of Marcolf, utters a series of proverbial stanzas. It stands in a tradition of Middle-English proverbial poetry also attested by ''The Proverbs of Alfred''; the two texts include some proverbs in common. The rhyme scheme is AABCCB. Marcolf appears as an interlocutor with Solomon in some German poems in the Solomon and Saturn tradition, while “ "Hendyng" seems to be a personification generated from the word ''hende'' skilled, clever" and seems to mean something like "the clever one" ”. In ''The Proverbs of Hendyng'', “Hending quated with Hendyng/sup>... is represented as the author of a collection of traditional proverbial wisdom in South-West Midland Middle English, each proverb ending with 'quoth Hending' ”, a construction like that of a Wellerism. ''The Proverbs of Hendyng'' is also noted for containing the earliest attestation of the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proverbs Of Alfred
''The Proverbs of Alfred'' is a collection of early Middle English sayings ascribed to King Alfred the Great (called "England's darling"), said to have been uttered at an assembly in Seaford, East Sussex. The collection of proverbs was probably put together in Sussex in the mid-12th century. The manuscript evidence suggests the text originated at either a Cluniac or Benedictine monastery, either Lewes Priory, to the north of Seaford, or Battle Abbey, to the north-east.Rouse, ''The Idea of Anglo-Saxon England'', pp. 38-39. Transmission The ''Proverbs of Alfred'' survive in four manuscripts of the 13th century: *Cotton Galba A. xix (MS C) *Maidstone Museum A.13 (MS M) *Cambridge, Trinity College, B.14.39 (MS T) *Oxford, Jesus College, 29 (MS J)Rouse, ''The Idea of Anglo-Saxon England'', p. 13. The text appears to have been produced in the late 12th century. There is no reason to suppose that any of the proverbs go back to King Alfred. King Alfred, who translated several works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhyme Scheme
A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all rhyme with each other. An example of the ABAB rhyming scheme, from "To Anthea, who may Command him Anything", by Robert Herrick: Function in writing These rhyme patterns have various effects, and can be used to: * Control flow: If every line has the same rhyme (AAAA), the stanza will read as having a very quick flow, whereas a rhyme scheme like ABCABC can be felt to unfold more slowly. * Structure a poems message and thought patterns: For example, a simple couplet with a rhyme scheme of AABB lends itself to simpler direct ideas, because the resolution comes in the very next line. Essentially these couplets can be thought of as self-contained statements. This idea of rhyme schemes reflecting thought processes is often discussed particularly regarding sonnets. * Determine whether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon And Saturn
''Solomon and Saturn'' is the generic name given to four Old English works, which present a dialogue of riddles between Solomon, the king of Israel, and Saturn, identified in two of the poems as a prince of the Chaldeans. On account of earlier editorial tendencies, the two poetical works, ''Solomon and Saturn I'' and ''Solomon and Saturn II'', have often been read as a single, continuous poem. They are considered some of the most enigmatic and difficult poems of the Old English corpus. ''Prose Solomon and Saturn'' The so-called ''Prose Solomon and Saturn'' in the Nowell Codex (the ''Beowulf'' manuscript) is a question-and-answer text dealing chiefly with issues of biblical or Christian lore. It shares much similarity with the later Old English prose dialogue '' Adrian and Ritheus'' and, later still, the Middle English '' Master of Oxford's Catechism''. Poetic versions Themes ''Solomon and Saturn I'', ''Solomon and Saturn II'', and the ''Pater Noster Solomon and Saturn'' in M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wellerism
Wellerisms, named after sayings of Sam Weller (character), Sam Weller in Charles Dickens's novel ''The Pickwick Papers'', make fun of established clichés and proverbs by showing that they are wrong in certain situations, often when taken literally. In this sense, Wellerisms that include proverbs are a type of anti-proverb. Typically a Wellerism consists of three parts: a proverb or saying, a speaker, and an often humorously literal explanation. Sam Weller's propensity to use the types of constructions now called "Wellerisms" has inspired plays; sometimes, the playwrights have created even more Wellerisms. A type of Wellerism called a Tom Swifty incorporates a speaker attribution that puns on the quoted statement. Examples from ''The Pickwick Papers'' * "Then the next question is, what the devil do you want with me, as the man said, wen he see the ghost?" * "Out vith it, as the father said to his child, when he swallowed a farthing (British coin), farden." * "Wery glad to see y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunt
''Cunt'' () is a vulgar word for the vulva or vagina. It is used in a variety of ways, including as a term of disparagement. Reflecting national variations, ''cunt'' can be used as a disparaging and obscene term for a woman in the United States, an unpleasant or stupid man or woman in the United Kingdom, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand. However, in Australia and New Zealand it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt"). The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses. Feminist writer and English professor Germaine Greer argues that ''cunt'' "is one of the few remaining words in the English language with a genuine power to shock". History The earliest known use of the word, according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', was as part of a placename of a London street, Gropecunt Lane, . Use of the word as a term of abuse is relatively recent, dating from the late nineteenth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angus McIntosh (linguist)
Angus Mcintosh, (10 January 1914 – 25 October 2005) was a British linguist and academic, specialising in historical linguistics. McIntosh was born in 1914 near Sunderland, England, to Scottish parents. He was educated locally, at Ryhope Grammar School, and studied English at Oriel College, Oxford. He then studied comparative philology at Merton College, Oxford, and was a Commonwealth Fellow at Harvard University. He served in the British Army during the Second World War, including working in intelligence at Bletchley Park. Having taught at University College, Swansea, before the war, he moved to the University of Oxford after being demobbed. Only two years later, in 1948, he moved to the University of Edinburgh as its first Forbes Professor of English Language and General Linguistics. He remained at Edinburgh until retirement, and then served as director of the Middle English Dialect Atlas Project from 1979 to 1986. He was an honorary research fellow at the University of Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Havelok The Dane
''Havelok the Dane'', also known as ''Havelok'' or ''Lay of Havelok the Dane'', is a thirteenth-century Middle English romance considered to be part of the Matter of England.''Boundaries in medieval romance'', Neil Cartlidge, DS Brewer, 2008, , 9781843841555. pp. 29-42 The story, however, is also known in two earlier Anglo-Norman versions, one by Geffrei Gaimar and another known as the ''Lai d'havelok''. The name "Havelok" also has many variations in spelling, and can be found as "Haveloc", "Havelock", or "Aybloc". Development of the story The story of ''Havelok'' is first told in lines 37–818 of Geoffrey Gaimar's Anglo-Norman ''Estoire des Engleis'' of about 1135–40. This was the basis for another Anglo-Norman poem, the ''Lai d'havelok'', which in turn may have influenced ''Havelok the Dane''. ''Havelok'' is the second oldest surviving romance written in English, after King Horn; it is believed to have been composed somewhere between 1285–1310. The romance survives in one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle English Literature
The term Middle English literature refers to the literature written in the form of the English language known as Middle English, from the late 12th century until the 1470s. During this time the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English became widespread and the printing press regularized the language. Between the 1470s and the middle of the following century there was a transition to early Modern English. In literary terms, the characteristics of the literary works written did not change radically until the effects of the Renaissance and Reformed Christianity became more apparent in the reign of King Henry VIII. There are three main categories of Middle English literature, religious, courtly love, and Arthurian, though much of Geoffrey Chaucer's work stands outside these. Among the many religious works are those in the Katherine Group and the writings of Julian of Norwich and Richard Rolle. After the Norman conquest of England, Law French became the standard language of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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