Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overl ...

has been depicted many times in romantic fiction and popular culture.

Robin Hood

The Scots philosopher and chronicler

John Mair John Mair may refer to: *John Major (philosopher) John Major (or Mair; also known in Latin as ''Joannes Majoris'' and ''Haddingtonus Scotus''; 1467–1550) was a Scottish philosopher, theologian, and historian who was much admired in his day ...

was the first to associate Richard with the

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is dep ...

legends in his ''Historia majoris Britannae, tam Angliae quam Scotiae'' (1521). In the earliest Robin Hood ballads the only king mentioned is "Edward our comely king", most probably Edward II or Edward III. However, Sir

Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832), was a Scottish novelist, poet, playwright and historian. Many of his works remain classics of European and Scottish literature, notably the novels '' Ivanhoe'', '' Rob Roy ...

's novel '' Ivanhoe'' popularised Mair's linking of the Hood legends to Richard's reign, and it was taken up by later novelists and by cinema. Typically Robin is depicted upholding justice in Richard's name against John and his officials during the king's imprisonment. Richard appears in the novella about Robin Hood, ''

Maid Marian Maid Marian is the heroine of the Robin Hood legend in English folklore, often taken to be his lover. She is not mentioned in the early, medieval versions of the legend, but was the subject of at least two plays by 1600. Her history and circums ...

'' (1822), by

Thomas Love Peacock Thomas Love Peacock (18 October 1785 – 23 January 1866) was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. He was a close friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley and they influenced each other's work. Peacock wrote satirical novels, ...

Other literature

Richard has appeared frequently in fiction, as a result of the 'chivalric revival' of the Romantic era. *''The Adventures of King Richard Coeur-de-Lion'' (1791) by James White is a humorous historical novel about Richard's adventures. *In 1822, he was the subject of Eleanor Anne Porden's

epic poem An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants. ...

, ''Cœur de Lion''. *After ''Ivanhoe'', in which he is depicted as initially adopting the pseudonym of ''Le Noir Fainéant'' ("The Black Sluggard"),

Sir Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832), was a Scottish novelist, poet, playwright and historian. Many of his works remain classics of European and Scottish literature, notably the novels '' Ivanhoe'', '' Rob Roy' ...

portrayed Richard in '' The Talisman'' (1825), a highly fictionalized treatment of the

Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by ...

. * In her poem ,

Felicia Hemans Felicia Dorothea Hemans (25 September 1793 – 16 May 1835) was an English poet (who identified as Welsh by adoption). Two of her opening lines, "The boy stood on the burning deck" and "The stately homes of England", have acquired classic statu ...

relates how Richard was discovered in captivity by the troubadour, Blondel. *''Winning His Spurs: A Tale of the Crusades'' (1882) (aka ''Boy Knight'') by

G. A. Henty George Alfred Henty (8 December 1832 – 16 November 1902) was an English novelist and war correspondent. He is most well-known for his works of adventure fiction and historical fiction, including ''The Dragon & The Raven'' (1886), ''For The ...

, is a novel about a young noble, Cuthbert, who accompanies Richard during the Third Crusade. According to historian Mike Horswell, ''Winning His Spurs'' depicts Richard as "a man of action, inspirational leader and phenomenal fighter". *'' The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood'' (1883) by

Howard Pyle Howard Pyle (March 5, 1853 – November 9, 1911) was an American illustrator and author, primarily of books for young people. He was a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and he spent the last year of his life in Florence, Italy. In 1894, he began ...

, features a heroic and admirable depiction of King Richard. This book helped popularize the connection between the

legends and Richard. * Maurice Hewlett's novel ''The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay '' (1900) is a novel about Richard's life. *''The Assassins'' (1902), a novel by Nevill Myers Meakin (1876-1912), features Richard,

Philip II of France Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French m ...

and Saladin, in a plot involving the Order of Assassins. *The juvenile novel ''Lion-Heart: A Story of the Reign of Richard I'' (1910) by "

Herbert Strang Herbert Strang was the pseudonym of two English authors, George Herbert Ely (1866–1958) and Charles James L'Estrange (1867–1947). They specialized in writing adventure stories for boys, both historical and modern-day. Both men were ...

" and Richard Stead, is a tale about Richard, that is influenced by Henty's work. *''Walter of Tiverton'' (1923) by Bernard G. Marshall, is another juvenile novel where two young knights help Richard resist the plots of Prince John. *''Unhurrying Chase'' (1925) by H. F. M. Prescott, revolves around the conflict between the novel's protagonist, a young Frenchman, and Richard.McGarry, Daniel D., White, Sarah Harriman, ''Historical Fiction Guide: Annotated Chronological, Geographical, and Topical List of Five Thousand Selected Historical Novels''. Scarecrow Press, New York, 1963 (pgs. 59, 66, 72, 74). *" Hawks of Outremer" (1931) by Robert E. Howard, is a short story that features a brief appearance by Richard. *''Kay, the Left-Handed'' (1935) by Leslie Barringer deals with Richard's travels abroad and the effects of his absence from England. *''The Golden Knight'' (1937), written by Frederick Schiller Faust under the pseudonym "George Challis", focuses on Richard's captivity in Austria. *''The Passionate Brood'' by

Margaret Campbell Barnes Margaret Campbell Barnes (27 February 1891 – 1 April 1963) was an English writer of short-stories and historical fiction. Biography Margaret Campbell Wood was born on 27 February 1891 in Rotherfield, England, UK. She was the youngest of ten ch ...

(1945) is based on the legend of

Blondel de Nesle Blondel de Nesle – either Jean I of Nesle (c. 1155 – 1202) or his son Jean II of Nesle (died 1241) – was a French trouvère. The name 'Blondel de Nesle' is attached to twenty-four or twenty-five courtly songs. He was identified in 1942, b ...

's quest to find Richard. *''King's Man'' (1948) by C. M. Edmondston and M. L. F. Hyde, is a juvenile novel exploring the working relationship between

William Marshal William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: ', French: '), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings— Henry II, his sons the "Young King" ...

and Richard. * Harold Lamb wrote a short story "Lionheart" (1949), which focuses on Richard near the end of his life. *

Gore Vidal Eugene Luther Gore Vidal (; born Eugene Louis Vidal, October 3, 1925 – July 31, 2012) was an American writer and public intellectual known for his epigrammatic wit, erudition, and patrician manner. Vidal was bisexual, and in his novels and e ...

's novel ''A Search for the King'' (1950) also retells the legend of Blondel and Richard. * Ronald Welch's novel ''

Knight Crusader ''Knight Crusader'', "the story of Philip d'Aubigny", is a children's historical novel by Ronald Welch (Ronald Oliver Fenton), first published by Oxford in 1954 with illustrations by William Stobbs. It is set primarily in the Crusader states of ...

'' (1954), depicts Richard as a hero. *

Donald Barr Chidsey Donald Barr Chidsey (May 14, 1902 – March 17, 1981) was an American writer, biographer, historian, novelist and writer of adventure fiction. Biography Donald Barr Chidsey was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, on May 14, 1902. He worked at th ...

's novel ''This Bright Sword'' (1957) features a Richard portrayed as a swashbuckling hero. *

John Jakes John William Jakes (born March 31, 1932) is an American writer, best known for American historical and speculative fiction. His Civil War trilogy, ''North and South'', has sold millions of copies worldwide. He is also the author of The Kent Fam ...

published a novel, ''Sir Scoundrel'' (1962) about Richard and Blondel. ''Sir Scoundrel'' was published under Jakes' pen-name Jay Scotland. Jakes later revised the novel and published it under his own name as ''King's Crusader'' (1977). Jakes' novel is one of the first works of fiction to depict Richard as a homosexual. *The young Richard is also a major character in James Goldman's play '' The Lion in Winter'' (1966), which depicts him as homosexual. * Molly Costain Haycraft's ''My Lord Brother, the Lion Heart'' (1968) is a novel that centres on the relationship between Richard and his sister, Joan of England. *He features in Graham Shelby's ''The Kings of Vain Intent'' and, more centrally, in ''The Devil is Loose'',

Norah Lofts Norah Lofts, ''née'' Norah Ethel Robinson, (27 August 190410 September 1983) was a 20th-century British writer. She also wrote under the pen names Peter Curtis and Juliet Astley. She wrote more than fifty books specialising in historical fi ...

' ''The Lute-Player'',

Jean Plaidy Eleanor Alice Hibbert (née Burford; 1 September 1906 – 18 January 1993) was an English writer of historical romances. She was a prolific writer who published several books a year in different literary genres, each genre under a different pen ...

's ''The Heart of the Lion'',

Cecelia Holland Cecelia Holland (born December 31, 1943) is an American historical fiction novelist. Early life and education Holland was born December 31, 1943, in Henderson, Nevada. She grew up in Metuchen, New Jersey, where she started writing at age 12, rec ...

's ''The King's Witch'', and

Sharon Kay Penman Sharon Kay Penman (August 13, 1945 – January 22, 2021) was an American historical novelist, published in the UK as Sharon Penman. She was best known for the Welsh Princes trilogy and the Plantagenet series. In addition, she wrote four medieval ...

's '' The Devil's Brood'' and ''Lionheart''. *Richard is depicted in '' The Isle of Glass'' (1985) by

Judith Tarr Judith Tarr (born January 30, 1955) is an American fantasy and science fiction author. Life Tarr was born in Augusta, Maine on January 30, 1955. She is the daughter of Earle A. Tarr, Jr. (a waterworks manager and salesman of real estate), and ...

, the first volume of her historical fantasy trilogy '' The Hound and the Falcon''. *Swedish author

Jan Guillou Jan Oskar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (, ; born 17 January 1944) is a French-Swedish author and journalist. Guillou's fame in Sweden was established during his time as an investigative journalist, most notably in 1973 when he and co-reporter Pe ...

depicts Richard as a merciless Muslim killer in '' The Knight Templar (Crusades trilogy)'', while Rachel Bard's ''Queen Without a Country'' portrays him as

Berengaria of Navarre Berengaria of Navarre ( eu, Berengela, es, Berenguela, french: Bérengère; 1165–1170 – 23 December 1230) was Queen of England as the wife of Richard I of England. She was the eldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Ca ...

's reluctant husband. *

Tariq Ali Tariq Ali (; born 21 October 1943) is a Pakistani-British political activist, writer, journalist, historian, filmmaker, and public intellectual. He is a member of the editorial committee of the ''New Left Review'' and ''Sin Permiso'', and con ...

depicts Richard in his novel ''

The Book of Saladin ''The Book of Saladin'' is an historical novel by Pakistani-born British writer Tariq Ali, first published in 1998. The second in Ali’s Islam Quintet, the narrative purports to be the memoir of the 12th-century Muslim leader Saladin, or Salah a ...

'' (1998). Here Richard is given the derisive nick-name "Richard the Lion-Arse" by Saladin's soldiers. According to Reed Way Dasenbrock, Ali's Richard "breaks his word repeatedly and falls quite short of the standard of chivalry and courtesy set by Salah-ud-din". *Richard appears in several of the Crowner John

historical mystery The historical mystery or historical whodunit is a subgenre of two literary genres, historical fiction and mystery fiction. These works are set in a time period considered historical from the author's perspective, and the central plot involves th ...

novels by

Bernard Knight Bernard Henry Knight (born 3 May 1931) is a British forensic pathologist and writer. He became a Home Office pathologist in 1965 and was appointed Professor of Forensic Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, in 1980. Early life ...

, beginning with ''The Sanctuary Seeker'' (1998). * Kamran Pasha depicts Richard in his novel, ''Shadow of the Swords'' (2010). This depicts Richard during his conflict with Saladin, and also has Richard meeting the Jewish philosopher

Maimonides Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Tora ...

. *Richard is referenced in Jennifer Roberson's novels ''

Lady of the Forest ''Lady of the Forest: A Novel of Sherwood'' is a 1992 historical fiction novel by American author Jennifer Roberson. A re-telling of the Robin Hood legend from the perspective of twelve characters associated with the legend, the story centers arou ...

'' and ''

Lady of Sherwood ''Lady of Sherwood'' is a 1999 historical fiction novel by American author Jennifer Roberson. It is a sequel to her 1992 novel '' Lady of the Forest'', and follows Robin Hood, Lady Marian, and their associates, as they fight injustices in the wake ...

''. *Richard appears in the Japanese

Light novel A light novel (, Hepburn: ''raito noberu'') is a style of young adult novel primarily targeting high school and middle school students. The term "light novel" is a '' wasei-eigo'', or a Japanese term formed from words in the English languag ...

'' Fate/strange fake'' as a Saber class servant.

Theatre

*In 1966 James Rado played Richard in the original Broadway production of "The Lion in Winter" by James Goldman. *In 1999 Chuma Hunter-Gault played Richard in the Broadway revival of "The Lion in Winter by James Goldman, mounted by the Roundabout Theater *In 2014 a play written by David Eldridge featuring Richard I, ''Holy Warriors'', was performed at the

Shakespeare's Globe Shakespeare's Globe is a reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, an Elizabethan playhouse for which William Shakespeare wrote his plays, in the London Borough of Southwark, on the south bank of the River Thames. The original theatre was built in ...

. The 2014 run of ''Holy Warriors'' featured John Hopkins as Richard I, as well as

Alexander Siddig Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abdurrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi (born 21 November 1965) is a Sudanese-born English actor and director known professionally as Siddig El Fadil and subsequently as Alexander Siddig. Siddig i ...

as Saladin.

Opera

*'' Riccardo primo, re d'Inghilterra'' by George Frideric Handel (1727) is based on Richard's invasion of Cyprus. *'' Richard Coeur-de-lion'' (1784) by

André Grétry André Ernest Modeste Grétry (; baptised 11 February 1741; died 24 September 1813) was a composer from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (present-day Belgium), who worked from 1767 onwards in France and took French nationality. He is most famous ...

Film

Richard has been portrayed on film by: *Arthur Hollingsworth in the silent short ''

'' (1912) *Walter Craven in the silent adaptation of '' Ivanhoe'' (1913) *Walter Gibbs in the silent ''Robin Hood'' (1913) *

Wallace Beery Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 – April 15, 1949) was an American film and stage actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in '' Min and Bill'' (1930) opposite Marie Dressler, as General Director Preysing in '' Grand Hotel'' ( ...

in the silent films ''

'' (1922), with

Douglas Fairbanks Douglas Elton Fairbanks Sr. (born Douglas Elton Thomas Ullman; May 23, 1883 – December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films including '' The Thi ...

as Robin, and ''

Richard the Lion-Hearted Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was ...

'' (1923), based on ''The Talisman'' *S. J. Bingham in the silent ''Robin Hood, Jr.'' (1923) *

Henry Wilcoxon Harry Frederick Wilcoxon (8 September 1905 – 6 March 1984), known as Henry Wilcoxon, was an actor born in Roseau, Dominica, British West Indies, and who was a leading man in many of Cecil B. DeMille's films, also serving as DeMille's associ ...

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American film director, producer and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the American cine ...

's ''

The Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were in ...

'' (1935) * Ian Hunter in ''

The Adventures of Robin Hood ''The Adventures of Robin Hood'' is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film from Warner Bros. Pictures. It was produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke, directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley, and stars Errol Flynn, Olivia d ...

'' (1938), with

Errol Flynn Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn (20 June 1909 – 14 October 1959) was an Australian-American actor who achieved worldwide fame during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He was known for his romantic swashbuckler roles, frequent partnerships with Olivia ...

as Robin *

Patrick Barr Patrick David Barr (13 February 1908 – 29 August 1985) was an English actor. In his career spanning over half a century, he appeared in about 144 films and television series. Biography Born in Akola, British India in 1908, Barr was educate ...

in ''

The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men ''The Story of Robin Hood'' is a 1952 action-adventure film produced by RKO- Walt Disney British Productions, based on the Robin Hood legend, made in Technicolor and filmed in Buckinghamshire, England. It was written by Lawrence Edward Watkin and ...

'' (1952), with

Richard Todd Richard Andrew Palethorpe-Todd (11 June 19193 December 2009) was an Irish-British actor known for his leading man roles of the 1950s. He received a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Male, and an Academy Award for Best Actor n ...

as Robin and in ''

'' (1955–59) with

Richard Greene Richard Marius Joseph Greene (25 August 1918 – 1 June 1985) was a noted English film and television actor. A matinée idol who appeared in more than 40 films, he was perhaps best known for the lead role in the long-running British TV series ' ...

as Robin. *

Norman Wooland Norman Wooland (16 March 19053 April 1989) was an English character actor who appeared in many major films, including several Shakespearean adaptations. Wooland was born in Düsseldorf, Germany to British parents. During the Second World War he ...

in '' Ivanhoe'' (1952), with Robert Taylor as Ivanhoe *

Patrick Holt Patrick Holt (31 January 1912 – 12 October 1993) was an English film and television actor. Biography Born Patrick G. Parsons in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Holt spent some of his childhood in India with his uncle, after which he was sen ...

in '' The Men of Sherwood Forest'' (1954) *

George Sanders George Henry Sanders (3 July 1906 – 25 April 1972) was a British actor and singer whose career spanned over 40 years. His heavy, upper-class English accent and smooth, bass voice often led him to be cast as sophisticated but villainous chara ...

in '' King Richard and the Crusaders'' (1954), loosely based on ''The Talisman'' *Hamdi Geiss in

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...

ian director

Youssef Chahine Youssef Chahine ( ar, يوسف شاهين, Yūsuf Shāhīn ; 25 January 1926 – 27 July 2008) was an Egyptian film director. He was active in the Egyptian film industry from 1950 until his death. He directed twelve films that were listed ...

's '' El Naser Salah el Dine'' (1963) *

Anthony Hopkins Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor, director, and producer. One of Britain's most recognisable and prolific actors, he is known for his performances on the screen and stage. Hopkins has received many accolad ...

in the film adaptation of '' The Lion in Winter'' (1968), for which he was nominated for the

BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor Best Actor in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film. Actors of all n ...

* Lars Bloch in the Italian film ''L'Arciere di Sherwood'' (1970) *

Frankie Howerd Francis Alick Howard (6 March 1917 – 19 April 1992), better known by his stage-name Frankie Howerd, was an English actor and comedian. Early life Howerd was born the son of soldier Francis Alfred William (1887–1934)England & Wales, Deat ...

in the comedy ''

Up the Chastity Belt ''Up the Chastity Belt'' (also released as ''Naughty Knights'' in the United States) is a 1971 British comedy film directed by Bob Kellett and starring Frankie Howerd. It was a spin-off from the TV series '' Up Pompeii!'' Plot Eleanor of Aquit ...

'' (1971), in which Richard is revealed to be the double of the main character, Lurkalot (also played by Howerd) * Peter Ustinov in the Disney animated film ''

'' (1973), in which he also voiced Prince John. Both were lions, in reference to his title 'Lionheart'. In this film, Richard is depicted as the uncle of

. *

Richard Harris Richard St John Francis Harris (1 October 1930 – 25 October 2002) was an Irish actor and singer. He appeared on stage and in many films, notably as Corrado Zeller in Michelangelo Antonioni's '' Red Desert'', Frank Machin in '' This Sporting ...

in ''

Robin and Marian ''Robin and Marian'' is a 1976 British-American romantic adventure film from Columbia Pictures, shot in Panavision and Technicolor, that was directed by Richard Lester and written by James Goldman after the legend of Robin Hood. The film stars Sea ...

'' (1976). This is a revisionist version, depicting Richard as obsessive and murderous rather than heroic. *

Neil Dickson Neil Dickson (born November 26, 1950) is an English actor, who has worked extensively in both American and British film and television. Biography At the age of five, Dickson contracted poliomyelitis, but he was fortunate enough to make a comp ...

in '' Lionheart'' (1987) * Sean Connery briefly (and uncredited) at the end of '' Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves'' (1991) * Aleksandr Baluev in the Russian film ''Richard the Lion-Hearted'' (1992), based on ''The Talisman'' *

Patrick Stewart Sir Patrick Stewart (born 13 July 1940) is an English actor who has a career spanning seven decades in various stage productions, television, film and video games. He has been nominated for Olivier, Tony, Golden Globe, Emmy, and Screen Actors ...

Mel Brooks Mel Brooks (born Melvin James Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. With a career spanning over seven decades, he is known as a writer and director of a variety of successful broad farces and parodies. He began ...

's parody '' Robin Hood: Men in Tights'' (1993) *

Iain Glen Iain Alan Sutherland Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish actor. Glen is best known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs/Tyrant in three films of the ''Resident Evil'' film series (2004–2016) and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy t ...

briefly (and uncredited) at the end of '' Kingdom of Heaven'' (2005) *

Danny Huston Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an Italian-born American actor and film director. A member of the Huston family of filmmakers, he is the son of director John Huston and the half-brother of actress Anjelica Huston. He is known for ...

in Ridley Scott's ''

'' (2010) *Greg Maness in ''

Richard The Lionheart Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overl ...

'' (2013) and ''Richard the Lionheart: Rebellion'' (2015)

Television

Richard has been portrayed on television by: *

David Markham David Markham (3 April 1913 – 15 December 1983) was an English stage and film actor for over forty years. Markham was born Peter Basil Harrison in Wick, Worcestershire and died in Hartfield, East Sussex. In 1937 he married Olive Dehn (19 ...

in the

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...

...

Robin Hood

Other literature

Theatre

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References