Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east–west, located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow,

Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to t ...

. The ridge is an

anticline In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is t ...

, formed as a result of compressional geological folding. Three geological formations, the

Sundance A Sun Dance is a Native American ceremony. Sun dance or Sundance may also refer to: Places ;Canada * Sundance, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * Sundance, Manitoba, a ghost town ;United States * Sundance, New Mexico, a census-designated pla ...

, the Morrison, and the Cloverly Formations, containing

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

remains from the Late Jurassic of the

Mesozoic Era The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretace ...

are exposed. Nineteenth-century paleontologists discovered many well-preserved specimens of dinosaurs, as well as mammals, turtles, crocodilians, and fish from the Morrison Formation. Because of this, Como Bluff is considered to be one of the major sites for the early discovery of

dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...

remains. Among the species discovered is the only known specimen of '' Coelurus''. Significant discoveries were made in 22 different areas scattered along the entire length of the ridge. It is included on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic ...

as well as the National Natural Landmark list.

History of discovery

The discovery of dinosaurs at Como Bluff has been recounted numerous times, most notably by Schuchert and LeVene, Shur, Ostrom and McIntosh, and Jaffe. Most of the specimens were collected by men working for

O.C. Marsh Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) was an American professor of Paleontology in Yale College and President of the National Academy of Sciences. He was one of the preeminent scientists in the field of paleontology. Among h ...

between 1877 and 1889, although some were collected by the Hubbel brothers for E.D. Cope between 1879 and 1880. The

American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. In Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 int ...

(AMNH) excavated in 189

189

finding two partial skeletons of sauropods. A summary of the quarries and their contents is given below. In later years, the American Museum of Natural History and

Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the w ...

jointly reopened Quarry 9, the Mammal Quarry, 1968–1970, finding only a few specimens. More recently, Robert Bakker has done some collecting there with a variety of groups. In addition to the major significance of dinosaur discoveries at Como Bluff, the site has also been the source of significant early mammal fossils. In early 1878,

Marsh A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p Marshes can often be found ...

was ecstatic to find that one of his men had uncovered a fossil from a Jurassic mammal. Within a year, the historic Quarry 9 at Como was discovered, producing an astounding 250 specimens, which increased the knowledge of Jurassic mammals exponentially.

Como Bluff historical quarries (pre-1900)

Data source:. . .Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History,
(h)=

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of seve ...

AMNH Quarries

Excavated by the

AMNH Quarry 1

;

Dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...

ia : Saurischia ::

Sauropoda Sauropoda (), whose members are known as sauropods (; from '' sauro-'' + '' -pod'', 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their b ...

:::''

Diplodocus ''Diplodocus'' (, , or ) was a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs, whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878, is a neo-Latin term derived from Greek δ ...

'' sp

AMNH Quarry 2

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''

Brontosaurus excelsus ''Brontosaurus'' (; meaning "thunder lizard" from Greek , "thunder" and , "lizard") is a genus of gigantic quadruped sauropod dinosaurs. Although the type species, ''B. excelsus'', had long been considered a species of the closely related ''A ...

'' :::''

Camarasaurus ''Camarasaurus'' ( ) was a genus of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs and is the most common North American sauropod fossil. Its fossil remains have been found in the Morrison Formation, dating to the Late Jurassic epoch ( Kimmeridgian to ...

'' sp,

AMNH localities unknown

(some could be from Quarry 1 or 2) ;Reptilia :

Testudines Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ...

::Amphichelydia :::'' Glyptops plicatus'' :

Squamata Squamata (, Latin ''squamatus'', 'scaly, having scales') is the largest order of reptiles, comprising lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians (worm lizards), which are collectively known as squamates or scaled reptiles. With over 10,900 species, ...

::? Sauria indeterminant ::

Lacertilia Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The group is paraphyletic since it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia althou ...

:::'' Paramacellodus'' sp. :

Choristodera Choristodera (from the Greek χωριστός ''chōristos'' + δέρη ''dérē'', 'separated neck') is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Triassic, to the late Miocene (168 to ...

:::'' Cteniogenys antiquus'' :

Crocodilia Crocodilia (or Crocodylia, both ) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic reptiles, known as crocodilians. They first appeared 95 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period ( Cenomanian stage) and are the closest livi ...

:: Mesosuchia :::''

Goniopholis ''Goniopholis'' (meaning "angled scale") is an extinct genus of goniopholidid crocodyliform that lived in Europe and Africa during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Being semi-aquatic it is very similar to modern crocodiles. It ranged fr ...

'' sp.

Frederick Brown's Quarries

Brown's Quarry A

;Dinosauria :

Ornithischia Ornithischia () is an extinct order of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds. The name ''Ornithischia'', or "bird-hipped", reflects this similarity and is derived from the Greek ...

Stegosauria Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Stegosaurian fossils have been found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in what is now North America, Europ ...

:::'' Stegosaurus'' sp.

Brown's Quarry B

;Dinosauria :Ornithischia ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp.

Brown's Quarry C

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::

Theropoda Theropoda (; ), whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally ...

:::'' Allosaurus fragilis''

Brown's Quarry D

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus fragilis''

Brown's Quarry G

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''Camarasaurus'' sp.

Arthur Lakes Quarry 1A. (Big Canyon Quarry)

Excavated by Arthur Lakes. ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus'' sp. ::Sauropoda :::''Camarasaurus'' sp. :Ornithischia :: Ornithopoda :::''Camptosaurus amplus'' (h) (now '' Allosaurus'' sp.)

E.D. Cope's Quarries

Excavated by

Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, comparative anatomist, herpetologist, and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interes ...

Cope's Quarry 3

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus'' sp.

Cope's Quarry 4

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus'' sp. :Ornithischia ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp.

Cope's Quarry 5

;Reptilia : Pterosauria :::'' Dermodactylus montanus'' ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''

Apatosaurus ''Apatosaurus'' (; meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Othniel Charles Marsh described and named the first-known species, ''A. ajax'', in 1 ...

'' sp.

Cope's localities unknown

(could be from Quarry 1, 2) ;Reptilia :Testudines ::Amphichelydia :::''

Dinochelys ''Dinochelys'' (from Greek ''deinos'' -terrible- and ''chelys'' -turtle) is an extinct genus of paracryptodiran turtle from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation. See also * Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation The Morrison Formation is a dist ...

'' sp. :::''Glyptops plicatus'' :Crocodilia ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp. ;Dinosauria :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::?'' Camptosaurus'' sp. ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp. ;

Mammalia Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur ...

:genus and species indeterminant

William Harlow Reed's Quarries

Excavated by William Harlow Reed.

Reed's Quarry 1

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus atrox'' (h) (now ''Allosaurus fragilis'') ::Sauropoda :::'' Camarasaurus grandis'' (h) :::''Camarasaurus impar'' (h) (now ''Camarasaurus grandis'') :::''Camarasaurus robustus'' (h) (now ''Camarasaurus grandis'') :::''Pleurocoelus montanus'' (h) (now ''Camarasaurus grandis'') :::''Diplodocus'' sp. ;Mammalia :::genus and species indeterminant

Reed's Quarry 1 ½

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus fragilis'' ::Sauropoda :::genus and species indeterminant

Reed's Quarry 2

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''Apatosaurus'' sp.

Reed's Quarry 3

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus lucaris'' (h) (now ''Allosaurus'' sp.) ::Sauropoda :::''Camarasaurus grandis'' :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::''

Dryosaurus ''Dryosaurus'' ( , meaning 'tree lizard', Greek ' () meaning 'tree, oak' and () meaning 'lizard'; the name reflects the forested habitat, not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur ...

'' sp. ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp.

Reed's Quarry 4

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus fragilis'' ::Sauropoda :::''Apatosaurus'' sp. :::''Barosaurus'' sp. :::''Camarasaurus'' sp. :Ornithischia ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp.

Reed's Quarry 5

;Reptilia :Pterosauria :::''Dermodactylus montanus'' (h) (now ''

nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

'') ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''Diplodocus'' sp. :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::''Dryosaurus altus'' (h)

Reed's Quarry 6

;Reptilia :Crocodylia ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp.

Reed's Quarry 7 (Three Trees Quarry)

;Dinosauria :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::'' Laosaurus consors'' (h) (now '' Othnielosaurus consors'')

Reed's Quarry 8

;Reptilia :Testudines ::genus and species indeterminant :Crocodilia ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp. ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus'' sp. :::'' Coelurus fragilis'' ::Sauropoda :::''Camarasaurus'' sp. :::''Diplodocus'' sp. :Ornithischia ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp.

Reed's Quarry 9 (Mammal Quarry)

;

Osteichthyes Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes, which have skeletons primarily composed of cartil ...

Actinopterygii Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

::genus and species indeterminant : Amiiformes ::''

Ophiopsis ''Ophiopsis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ophiopsidae. Specimens are known from the Tithonian-age Solnhofen Formation of Bavaria, Germany. Taxonomy The type species, ''Ophiopsis muensteri'', was p ...

'' sp. : Sarcopterygii :: Dipnoi :::'' Ceratodus guentheri'' ;

Amphibia Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arbo ...

: Anura :::'' Comobatrachus aenigmatis'' ::Discoglossoidea :::'' Enneabatrachus hechti'' ::

Pelobatidae The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs, the Pelobatidae, with only one extant genus ''Pelobates'', containing six species. They are native to Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern Africa, and western Asia. Description The Europe ...

indeterminant :: Pipoidea? :::'' Eobatrachus agilis'' (h) : Caudata ::genus and species indeterminant ::'' Comonecturoides marshi'' (h) ;Reptilia :Testudines ::Amphichelydia :::'' Dinochelys whitei'' :::''Glyptops ornatus'' :Squamata ::?Sauria indeterminant ::Lacertilia :::'' Dorsetisaurus'' sp. :::'' Paramacellodus'' sp. :

Rhynchocephalia Rhynchocephalia (; ) is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (''Sphenodon punctatus'') of New Zealand. Despite its current lack of diversity, during the Mesozoic rhynchocephalians were a diverse gr ...

:::'' Opisthias rarus'' (h) :::'' Theretairus antiquus'' (h) :Choristodera :::''Cteniogenys antiquus'' (h) :Crocodylia :: Sphenosuchia :::'' Macelognathus vagans'' (h) ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp. ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus fragilis'' :::''

Ceratosaurus nasicornis ''Ceratosaurus'' (from Greek κέρας/κέρατος, ' meaning "horn" and σαῦρος ' meaning "lizard") was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur in the Late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian). The genus was first described in 1884 ...

'' :::''Coelurus fragilis'' :::'' Ornitholestes hermanni''? ::

Tyrannosauroidea Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontin ...

:::'' Stokesosaurus clevelandi''? ::Sauropoda ::: Macronaria indeterminant ::: Diplodocidae indeterminant :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::''Othnielosaurus consors'' :::''Dryosaurus'' sp. :::''Camptosaurus'' sp. :Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus'' sp. :Pterosauria ::

Rhamphorhynchoidea The Rhamphorhynchoidea forms one of the two suborders of pterosaurs and represents an evolutionary grade of primitive members of flying reptiles. This suborder is paraphyletic unlike the Pterodactyloidea, which arose from within the Rhamphorhyncho ...

:::'' Laopteryx priscus'' (h) (now ''nomen dubium'') ;Mammalia :

Docodonta Docodonta is an order of extinct mammaliaforms that lived during the Mesozoic, from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. They are distinguished from other early mammaliaforms by their relatively complex molar teeth, from which the order ...

:: Docodontidae :::'' Docodon affinis'' (h) :::''Docodon crassus'' (h) :::''Docodon striatus'' (h) :::''Docodon superus'' (h) :::''Docodon victor'' (h) : Multituberculata :: Allodontidae :::''

Ctenacodon laticeps ''Ctenacodon'' ("comb needle tooth" from Ancient Greek κτενός (ktenós), "comb" + Latin acus, "needle" + Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), "tooth") is a genus of extinct mammal that lived in what is now North America during the Upper Jurass ...

'' (h) :::''Ctenacodon scindens'' (h) :::''Ctenacodon serratus'' (h) :::'' Psalodon fortis'' (h) :::''Psalodon potens'' (h) :::?''Psalodon marshi'' (h) : Triconodonta :: Amphilestidae :::''

Aploconodon comoensis ''Aploconodon'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammals belonging to the family Amphidontidae. It contains one species, ''A. comoensis''. It is present in stratigraphic zone 5 of the Morrison Formation.Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jura ...

'' (h) :::'' Comodon gidleyi'' (h) :: Triconodontidae :::'' Priacodon ferox'' (h) :::''Priacodon grandaevus'' (h) :::''Priacodon lulli'' (h) :::''Priacodon robustus'' (h) :::'' Trioracodon bisulcus'' (h) : Symmetrodonta ::

Amphidontidae The Amphidontidae are a family of extinct mammals from the Early Cretaceous, belonging to the triconodonts. It contains most of the species previously belonged to Amphilestidae. Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "bran ...

:::'' Amphidon superstes'' (h) :: Tinodontidae :::'' Tinodon bellus'' (h) :::'' Eurylambda aequicrurius'' :

Dryolestida Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, primarily and possibly exclusively known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they ...

:: Dryolestidae :::'' Amblotherium gracilis'' (h) :::''

Dryolestes priscus ''Dryolestes'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation and the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal. The type species ''Dryolestes priscus'' is present in stratigraphic zones 2, 5, and 6.Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ' ...

'' :::''Dryolestes obtusus'' (h) :::''Dryolestes vorax'' (h) :::'' Laolestes eminens'' (h) :::''Laolestes'' (''Melanodon'') ''goodrichi'' (h) :::''Laolestes'' (''Melanodon'') ''oweni'' (h) :::'' Miccylotyrans minimus'' (h) :: Paurodontidae :::'' Araeodon intermissus'' (h) :::'' Archaeotrigon brevimaxillus'' (h) :::''Archaeotrigon distagmus'' (h) :::'' Comotherium richi'' (h) :::'' Euthlastus cordiformis'' (h) :::''

Paurodon valens ''Paurodon'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation of the Western United States. Taxonomy ''Paurodon'' is the type genus of the dryolestidan group Paurodontidae. ''Araeodon'', ''Archaeotrigon'', ''Foxraptor'', ...

'' (h) :::'' Tathiodon agilis'' (h)

Reed's Quarry 10

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''Brontosaurus excelsus'' (h)

Reed's Quarry 11

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::''Apatosaurus amplus'' (h) (now ''Brontosaurus excelsus'') :Ornithischia ::Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus duplex'' (h) (now ''Stegosaurus ungulatus'') ;Mammalia :genus and species indeterminant

Reed's Quarry 12 (Robbers' Roost Quarry)

;Reptilia :Testudines ::genus and species indeterminant :Crocodylia ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp. ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus'' sp. :::''Torvosaurus tanneri'' :::''Coelurus'' sp. :::'' Fosterovenator churei'' ::Sauropoda :::''Camarasaurus'' sp. :::''Diplodocus'' sp. :Ornithischia :ornithopoda ::genus and species indeterminant :Stegosauria :::''Stegosaurus ungulatus'' (h)

Reed's Quarry 13

;Reptilia :Testudines ::Amphichelydia :::''Glyptops plicatulus'' :Crocodylia ::Mesosuchia :::''Goniopholis'' sp. ;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Coelurus agilis'' (h) (part of ''Coelurus fragilis'' holotype) :::''Coelurus fragilis'' (h) :Saurischia ::Sauropoda :::?''

Brachiosaurus ''Brachiosaurus'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about 154to 150million years ago. It was first Species description, described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 in pal ...

'' sp. :::''Camarasaurus lentus'' (h) :::''Diplodocus'' sp. :Ornithischia ::Ornithopoda :::''Camptonotus dispar'' (h) (now ''Camptosaurus dispar'') :::''Camptosaurus medius'' (h) :::''Camptosaurus nanus'' (h) :::''Camptosaurus browni'' (h) :::''Dryosaurus'' sp. ::Stegosauria :::''Diracodon laticeps'' (h) (now ''Stegosaurus'' sp.) :::''Stegosaurus sulcatus'' (h) :::''Stegosaurus stenops'' :::''Stegosaurus ungulatus''

Reed Quarry 14

;Dinosauria :Saurischia ::Theropoda :::''Allosaurus ferox'' (h) (now ''Allosaurus fragilis'')

References

External links

Como Bluffs fossil quarriesComo Bluff
at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
Dinosaur Fossil Cabin Museum
{{authority control Ridges of Wyoming Landforms of Albany County, Wyoming Landforms of Carbon County, Wyoming Jurassic geology of Wyoming Morrison Formation Paleontology in Wyoming National Natural Landmarks in Wyoming Natural features on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming 1970s in paleontology National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming