Cannabinoids are compounds found in cannabis.[1] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta9-THC or Delta8-THC), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis.[2][3] Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant.[4] There are at least 144 different cannabinoids isolated from cannabis, exhibiting varied effects.[5]
Synthetic cannabinoids are manufactured artificially. They encompass a variety of distinct chemical classes: the classical cannabinoids structurally related to THC, the nonclassical cannabinoids (cannabimimetics) including the aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and arylsulfonamides as well as eicosanoids related to endocannabinoids.[2]
Historically, laboratory synthesis of cannabinoids was often based on the structure of herbal cannabinoids, and a large number of analogs have been
Historically, laboratory synthesis of cannabinoids was often based on the structure of herbal cannabinoids, and a large number of analogs have been produced and tested, especially in a group led by Roger Adams as early as 1941 and later in a group led by Raphael Mechoulam. Newer compounds are no longer related to natural cannabinoids or are based on the structure of the endogenous cannabinoids.[87]
Synthetic cannabinoids are particularly useful in experiments to determine the relationship between the structure and activity of cannabinoid compounds, by making systematic, incremental modi
Synthetic cannabinoids are particularly useful in experiments to determine the relationship between the structure and activity of cannabinoid compounds, by making systematic, incremental modifications of cannabinoid molecules.[88]
When synthetic cannabinoids are used recreationally, they present significant health dangers to users.[89] In the period of 2012 through 2014, over 10,000 contacts to poison control centers in the United States were related to use of synthetic cannabinoids.[89]
Medications containing natural or synthetic cannabinoids or cannabinoid analogs:
Other notable synthetic cannabinoids include:
Cannabigerol
(E)-CBG-C5
Cannabigerol
monomethyl ether
(E)-CBGM-C5 A
Cannabinerolic acid A
(Z)-CBGA-C5 A
Cannabigerovarin
(E)-CBGV-C3
Cannabigerolic acid A
(E)-CBGA-C5 A
Cannabinerolic acid A
(Z)-CBGA-C5 A
Cannabigerovarin
(E)-CBGV-C
Cannabigerovarin
(E)-CBGV-C3
Cannabigerovarinic acid A
(E)-CBGVA-C3 A
Cannabigerovarinic acid A
(E)-CBGVA-C3 A
(±)-Cannabichromene
CBC-C5
(±)-
(±)-Cannabichromenic acid A
CBCA-C5 A
(±)-Cannabivarichromene, (±)-Cann
(±)-Cannabivarichromene, (±)-Cannabichromevarin
CBCV-C3
Cannabidiol-C4
CBD-C4
Cannabidiorcol
CBD-C1
Cannabinodio
Cannabinodiol
CBND-C5
Cannabinodivarin
CBND-C3
<
Cannabinodivarin
CBND-C3
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4
Δ9-THC-C4
Δ9-
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Δ9-THCV-C3
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
Δ9-TH
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
Δ9-THCO-C1
Δ Δ9-Tetrahydro-
cannabinolic acid B
Δ9-THCA-C5 B
Δ9-
Δ9-Tetrahydro-
cannabiorcolic acid
A and/or B
Δ9-THCOA-C1 A and/or B
(−)-Δ8-trans-(6aR,10aR)-
Δ<
(−)-Δ8-trans-(6aR,10aR)-
Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Δ8-THC-C5
(−)-(6aS,10aR)-Δ9(−)-(6aS,10aR)-Δ9-
Tetrahydrocannabinol
(−)-cis-Δ9-THC-C5
Cannabinol
CBN-C5
Cannabinol-C4
CBN-C4
Cannabivarin
CBN-C3
Cannabinol-C2
CBN-C2
Cann
Cannabiorcol
CBN-C1
(+)-(9S,10S)-Cannabitriol
(+)-trans-CBT-C5
(+)-(9S,10S)-Cannabitriol
(+)-trans-CBT-C5
(±)-(9R,10S/9S,10R)-
Cannabitriol
(±)-cis
(±)-(9R,10S/9S,10R)-
Cannabitriol
(±)-cis-CBT-C5
(±)-(9R,10R/9S,10S)-
Cannabitriol-C3(±)-(9R,10R/9S,10S)-
Cannabitriol-C3
(±)-trans-CBT-C3
Cannabidiolic acid A
cannabitriol ester
CBDA-C5 9-OH-CBT-C5 ester
Cannabidiolic acid A
cannabitriol ester
CBDA-C5 9-OH-CBT-C5 ester
(−)-(6aR,9S,10S,10aR)-
9,10-Dihydroxy-
hexahydrocannabinol,
Cannabiripsol
Cannabiripsol-C5