Bihor is a geographical region in northeastern

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = ...

. Bihor is situated nearby to Jagoče, and northeast of Lopare. The region is within three municipalities:

Berane Berane ( cyrl, Беране) is one of the largest towns of northeastern Montenegro and a former administrative centre of the Ivangrad District. The town is located on the Lim river. From 1949 to 1992, it was named Ivangrad ( cyrl, Иванг� ...

Bijelo Polje Bijelo Polje ( cnr, Бијело Поље, ) is a town in northeastern Montenegro on the Lim River. It has an urban population of 15,400 (2011 census). It is the administrative, economic, cultural and educational centre of northern Montenegro. ...

, and Petnjica. It was named after Bihor, a former medieval town that was near

. The region mainly consists of ethnic

Bosniaks The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia (region), Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzeg ...

. Upper Bihor is located in southwestern

Sandžak Sandžak (; sh, / , ; sq, Sanxhaku; ota, سنجاق, Sancak), also known as Sanjak, is a historical geo-political region in Serbia and Montenegro. The name Sandžak derives from the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, a former Ottoman administrative dis ...

in northeastern Montenegro. It has an area of about 143 km². The region has an elevation of 922 metres (3,025 feet).

Geology

Upper Bihor has a variety of types of terrain. There are high mountains, river valleys, glacial and karst relief and volcanic mountains.

History

In 1455, the

Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

captured the city of Bihor. The town developed in the 16th century as the center of a

kadiluk A kadiluk, in some cases equivalent to a kaza, was a local administrative subdivision of the Ottoman empire, which was the territory of a kadı, or judge. There could be several kadiluks in a sanjak. The kadı's duties extended beyond those o ...

, with a garrison holding eight

timar A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service ...

s in 1530. In 1878, Bihor became part of

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = ...

. After the

Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and def ...

and the fall of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

, heavy pressure leads to the

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

from Bihor moving to

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...

Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a international recognition of Kosovo, partiall ...

and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

. In 1914, a few thousand people from Bihor moved to Turkey, while the

Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonic ...

followers begin moving in from various parts of Montenegro. During the Second World War,

Chetnik The Chetniks ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Четници, Četnici, ; sl, Četniki), formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland and the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationa ...

forces based in Montenegro conducted a series of ethnic cleansing operations against Muslims in the Bihor region. In May 1943, an estimated 5400 Albanian men, women and children in Bihor were massacred by Chetnik forces under Pavle Đurišić. The notables of the region then published a memorandum and declared themselves to be Albanians. The memorandum was sent to Prime Minister Ekrem Libohova whom they asked to intervene so the region could be united to the Albanian kingdom. In the late 1940s, people from Bihor began moving to

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

as colonists. Because of hard life in their new home, some people came back to Bihor. The migration of Muslims from this area to Turkey was intensive between 1956 and 1958. Today, the population is predominantly made up of Muslim

with a minority of

Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous ( ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the population ...

followers.

Families

There are 73 surnames of villagers found in Upper Bihor: *Adrović *Agović *Alibašić *

Babić Babić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бабић) is a Croatian, Bosniak and Serbian family name. It is the 3rd most frequent surname in Croatia and is derived from the common Slavic word for grandmother or old woman: baba. Geographical distribution As of ...

*Babačić *Batilović *Bibuljica *Bošnjak * Brakočević *Cikotić *Ćeman *

Ćorović Ćorović ( sr, Ћоровић) is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Jelena Skerlić Ćorović (1887–1960), Serbian writer, translator, literary critic, and French language professor * Svetozar Ćorović (1875–1919), ...

*Čivović *Čilović * Čolović *Duraković *

Đukić Đukić ( sr-Cyrl, Ђукић; also transliterated Djukić) is a Serbian surname, derived from the male given name "Đuka", itself a diminutive of Đorđe (George). It is predominantly found in Serbia and Montenegro. It may refer to: Notable peop ...

*Đurašković *Garčević *Goljo *Hajdarpašić *Halilović *Hodžić *Huremović *Idrizović *Ivezić *Javorovac *Kalić *Kočan *Korać *Klica *Kolić *Kožar *Kršić *Hećo *Herović *Latić *Levaić *Ličina *Ligonja *

Luković Luković is a Serbian surname that may refer to: *Aleksandar Luković, (b. 1924.), Serbian art painter *Aleksandar Luković, (b. 1982), Serbian footballer * Vojislav Lukovic, ( b.1960), Serbian iconographer and art restorer * Ivan Lukovic, ( b.1950) ...

*Mehović *Muhović *Mustajbašić *Muratović *Murić *

Mirković Mirković ( sr-Cyrl, Мирковић, ; meaning "son of "Mirko") is a Serbian and Croatian surname, and may refer to: *Borivoje Mirković (1884–1969), Yugoslav brigadier general * Čedomir Mirković (1944–2005), Serbian writer *Dragana Mirko ...

*Novalić *Osmanović *Palamar * Pačariz *

Petrović Petrović ( sr-Cyrl, Петровић, ;) is a South Slavic language patronymic surname literally meaning ''Peter's son'', equivalent to the English last name of Peterson. In Eastern Slavic naming customs its counterpart is "Petrovich". The surna ...

*Pramenko *Prentić *Pljakić *Radošević *Ramdedović *Ramčilović *Račić * Rastoder *Rujović *Rugovac *Sijarić *Sadiković *Sehratlić *Smailović *Skenderović *Šabotić * Škrijelj *Taraniš *Tiganj * Vukajlović * Vujošević *Zverotić

Towns

*Azanje *Bare *Bistrica *Bor *Crnče *Dašča Rijeka *Dobrodole *Donja Vrbica *Donje Korito *Donji Ponor *Godočelje *Goduša *Gornja Vrbica *Hazane *Jahova Voda *Javorova *Johovice *Kalica *Kruščica *Lagatore *Laze *Lješnica *Murovac *Orahovo *Paljuh *Petnjica *Ponor *Poroče *Radmanci *Sipovice *Savin Bor *Sipanje *Trnavice *Trpezi *Tucanje *Vorbica *Vrševo

References

External links

About Bihor
Regions of Montenegro {{montenegro-geo-stub