Zastava Automobiles ( sr, Застава Аутомобили/''Zastava Automobili'') was a Serbian international car manufacturer, a subsidiary of Group Zastava Vehicles which went bankrupt in May 2017.
After many decades of producing different car and truck models under the Zastava brand, the company ceased all vehicle production in 2008. Since then, a new company,
Fiat Automobili Srbija
Fiat Serbia., name=FS — formerly "FIAT Automobiles Serbia"., name=FAS (FAS) from 2008 to 2014, then
"FCA Serbia"., name=FCAS (FCAS) until 2021 — is a Serbian automotive manufacturing company based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is a joint v ...
has taken over the Zastava Automobiles facilities, after extensive reconstruction and renovation.
Overview
*1853: Founded as a cannon-casting plant
*1930: Ford trucks assembled for the Yugoslav Army
*1955: Assembly starts on Fiat models such as the 1100B, 1400 and 600
*1965: 6,000 cars exported to Poland
*1980: Fiat 127-based Zastava 102 debuts, becomes the Yugo 45, only Zastava sold in the US
*1988: Debut of Zastava’s first proprietary model, the Giugiaro-designed Florida hatchback
*1989: Production peaks at 180,950 units
*1992: Trade sanctions imposed by UN halt exports and disrupt parts supply
*1995: End of trade sanctions
*1999: NATO aircraft bomb plant during the war in Kosovo
Initially, Zastava was widely known for its locally built versions of the
Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a transverse front-engine, front wheel drive small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985 as a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé. The 128 runni ...
and
Fiat 600
The Fiat 600 ( it, Seicento, ) is a rear-engine, water-cooled city car, manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles, Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door fastback sedan and four-door Multipla mini MPV body styles.
Measuring only ...
, and latterly the Zastava 102 - based on the
Fiat 127
The Fiat 127 is a supermini car produced by Italian car manufacturer FIAT from 1971 to 1983. It was introduced in 1971 as the replacement for the Fiat 850. Production of the 127 in Italy ended in 1983 following the introduction of its replacement, ...
.
During the 1980s, Zastava sold its compact cars in North and South America and Western Europe under the "
Yugo
The Yugo (), also marketed as the Zastava Koral (, sr-Cyrl, Застава Корал) and Yugo Koral, is a subcompact car, subcompact hatchback formerly manufactured by Zastava Automobiles, at the time a Yugoslavia, Yugoslav corporation.
...
" brand, competing in the budget segment of the market alongside other Eastern European brands such as
Lada and
Skoda
Škoda means ''pity'' in the Czech and Slovak languages. It may also refer to:
Czech brands and enterprises
* Škoda Auto, automobile and previously bicycle manufacturer in Mladá Boleslav
** Škoda Motorsport, the division of Škoda Auto respons ...
. Its final model, the
Yugo Sana
The Zastava Florida, also known as Yugo Sana, Yugo Miami or Yugo Florida, is a five-door hatchback which was introduced by Yugoslav automaker Zastava Automobiles, Zastava on 19 February 1987, and remained in production until 2008. The Florida wa ...
, was styled by Italian designer
Giorgetto Giugiaro
Giorgetto Giugiaro (; born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automotive designer. He has worked on supercars and popular everyday vehicles. He was born in Garessio, Cuneo, Piedmont.
Giugiaro was named Car Designer of the Century in 1999 and inducted ...
and launched in 1988, but its production was cut short by the
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related#Naimark, Naimark (2003), p. xvii. ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and Insurgency, insurgencies that took place in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia from ...
. By the same time the Yugo brand had disappeared from most Western markets by 1991 or 1992. In 1999, the factory was damaged by
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
bombing during the
Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war ...
.
The post-Yugoslav era has been difficult for Zastava, just as most of the other major companies based in Serbia, which suffered from hyperinflation,
international sanctions
International sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect in ...
, and economic mismanagement. As a result, production almost stopped and the company failed to introduce new models for a long time.
In September 2005, the company signed a new agreement with
Fiat
Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...
to produce a version of the 2003 model
Fiat Punto
The Fiat Punto is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1993 to 2018, spanning over three generations. The third generation of the car was marketed between 2005 and 2009 as the Grande Punto, and between 2009 ...
for the Balkans under the name
Zastava 10
The Zastava 10 is a subcompact car that was produced by Zastava between 2006 and 2008. Essentially a rebadged Fiat Punto under licence, The car was the last vehicle to be introduced by the company before it was acquired by Fiat.
Design
The ca ...
, with a capacity of 16,000 units annually.
In December 2007, Serbia announced that Zastava would be privatized in April 2008.
History
Origins
The roots of Zastava lay in the 1851 founding in
Kragujevac
Kragujevac ( sr-Cyrl, Крагујевац, ) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the Šumadija District. It is the historical centre of the geographical region of Šumadija in central Serbia, and is situated on ...
of the ''Vojno-Tehnicki Zavod'' (Military Technical Institute). The institute developed a cannon foundry division in 1853, becoming a military vocational school in March 1854. During the 1880s, Zastava also begin with the production of
firearm
A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions).
The first firearms originated in 10th-century China, when bamboo tubes ...
s.
At the end of the 19th century the cannon foundry changed its name to the Military Engineering Works. The firm rapidly expanded its production program and the complexity and quality of its products. That original company is now known as
Zastava Arms
Zastava Arms ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Застава oружје, Zastava oružje) is a Serbian manufacturer of firearms and artillery, based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It was founded in 1853 when it cast its first cannon. It is the leading producer of firear ...
.
In 1904, within the company, a section dedicated to automobiles is inaugurated. Beside repair services, certain car parts are also manufactured. In 1939 it begins assembling
Chevrolet
Chevrolet ( ), colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941) and ous ...
military trucks. Production came to a halt in 1941 with the
Axis invasion of Yugoslavia
An axis (plural ''axes'') is an imaginary line around which an object rotates or is symmetrical. Axis may also refer to:
Mathematics
* Axis of rotation: see rotation around a fixed axis
*Axis (mathematics), a designator for a Cartesian-coordinate ...
and by then, 400 trucks came out of the factory which consisted of a working force of 12,000 men.
1950s
After World War II, the plant was renamed ''Zavodi Crvena Zastava'' ("Red Flag Factories"). In a referendum held on August 26, 1953, 96% of the employees of then ''Zavodi Crvena Zastava'' voiced their desire to produce automobiles. That year, 162
Willys Jeeps would leave the Kragujevac factory.
On 12 August 1954 Zastava signed a cooperation agreement with
Fiat
Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...
.
Three months later, Kragujevac began assembling the
Fiat 1400
The Fiat 1400 and Fiat 1900 are passenger cars produced by Italian automotive manufacturer Fiat from 1950 to 1958 and from 1952 to 1959 respectively. The two models shared body and platform, but while the 1.4-litre 1400 was Fiat's intermediate of ...
,
1100 B and
AR-55 Campagnola.
Fiat 1400 was Zastava's first assembled automobile, but
''Fića'' Zastava's licence built version of
Fiat 600
The Fiat 600 ( it, Seicento, ) is a rear-engine, water-cooled city car, manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles, Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door fastback sedan and four-door Multipla mini MPV body styles.
Measuring only ...
is its iconic historical brand. 923,487 of Zastava 750 were produced over a span of 30 years,
with several different engines and in various equipment levels, from 18 October 1955 to 18 November 1985.
Total vehicle production in 1955 was 1,044 and by 1958 it had risen to 3,596.
During 1957 and 1958 Zastava established a supplier network. Zastava outsourced engine manufacture to
Rakovica-based ''21. Maj'' (DMB).
1960s
Zastava's annual production climbed to 13,719 units in 1960.
The company entered the new decade with a replacement for the 1400: Fiat's 1100, shown in Geneva as the successor to the 1100 B.
With the advent of the 1961
Fiat 1300/1500
The Fiat 1300 and Fiat 1500 are a series of front-engine, rear-drive automobiles manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1961 to 1967, replacing the Fiat 1400 and Fiat 1200 coupé, spyder and cabriolet. The 1300 and 1500 were essentially identica ...
came Zastava's 1300/1500 series, produced as both sedans and wagons. With all-around disc brakes, rear-wheel drive and up to 72 horsepower, the "tristać" was Yugoslavia's favorite upmarket car. Today, many across the former Yugoslavia recall the 1300 as Zastava's best automobile ever: the ''Jugoslovenski Mercedes ''as they call it. 201,160 copies of the 1300 and 1500 were produced from 1961 to 20 December 1979.
The Fića had started life as the 633 cc
Fiat 600
The Fiat 600 ( it, Seicento, ) is a rear-engine, water-cooled city car, manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles, Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door fastback sedan and four-door Multipla mini MPV body styles.
Measuring only ...
, designed by legendary Fiat engineer
Dante Giacosa
Dante Giacosa (3 January 1905 - 31 March 1996) was an Italian automobile designer and engineer responsible for a range of Italian automobile designs — and for refining the front-wheel drive layout to an industry-standard configuration.
Front ...
. In 1962, Zastava began production of the Fiat 600D, badged Zastava 750, boasting an 767 cc engine capable of propelling the car to .
The floorpan of the 1300/1500 was used as the basis for the
Polski Fiat 125p
Polski Fiat 125p is a motor vehicle manufactured between 1967 and 1991 in Poland under a Fiat license by the state-owned manufacturer Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (FSO). It was a simplified and altered variation of the original, Italian-made Fia ...
, which was produced by Polish FSO from Zastava CKD kits. The 125p was created by mating the body of the Fiat 125 to the mechanicals (engines, gearbox, transmission and suspension) of the 1300 and 1500. On the Yugoslav market, the 125p was known as the Zastava 125PZ.
1965 marked the official beginning of Zastava exports, with 6,000 cars sent to Poland.
In 1967, Zastava produced about 52,000 trucks and passenger cars, and 53,000 in 1968.
Zastava in this decade signed a new contract expanding production and technological cooperation with Fiat. A $10 million investment pushed annual capacity to 85,000, with plans in place to reach 130,000 units within a five-year period.
In 1969, the ''Zastava Kamioni'' (Zastava Trucks) division split from Zastava Automobili and began producing Italy's Om trucks, rated for between 2.5 and 4 tons. Today, Zastava Kamioni continues to make trucks through a partnership with Iveco.
1970s
![Zas 101](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Zas_101.jpg)
In 1970, Zastava launched the 750M, fitted with a new 767 cc engine boasting a thermostat-controlled pressurised cooling system.
In the beginning of the 1970s Zastava made arrangement with Fiat to produce
Zastava 101 101 may refer to:
* 101 (number), the number
* AD 101, a year in the 2nd century AD
* 101 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC
It may also refer to:
Entertainment
* ''101'' (album), a live album and documentary by Depeche Mode
* "101" (song), a ...
(4 cyl, 1116 cc OHC, 55 hp, front wheel drive), which was based on
Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a transverse front-engine, front wheel drive small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985 as a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé. The 128 runni ...
. It had restyled rear panel and resembled a
hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume. ...
body style. This 3 and 5 door variant of Fiat 128 was specific to Zastava and was never released elsewhere by Fiat.
It was said that model 101 should be produced in Yugoslavia for both the Yugoslav and Italian markets, and vice versa, in the Italian market would have been sold under the marque
Innocenti
Innocenti () was an Italian machinery works, originally established by Ferdinando Innocenti in 1920. Over the years, they produced Lambretta scooters as well as a range of automobiles, mainly of British Leyland origins. The brand was retired in 1 ...
. It was soon nicknamed ''Stojadin'' as a pun on ''sto jedan'' (101) (Stojadin is a male name, although
folk etymology
Folk etymology (also known as popular etymology, analogical reformation, reanalysis, morphological reanalysis or etymological reinterpretation) is a change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a more famili ...
also associates it with ''sto jada'', "a hundred woes", due to the poor performance and assembly). In spite of this negative record, the car was a good seller in the domestic market as there was a virtual monopoly. Yugoslavs used to buy it because of its moderate price, simple mechanics, cheap spare parts and low maintenance cost compared to other cars assembled in Yugoslavia.
In 1979, Zastava 750S – ''(Special)'' was released which offered updated interior controls and switches, a new steering wheel and a sportier engine which raised the car's top speed to .
1980s
In 1980, the Zastava 850 was launched, with a 848 cc engine propelling it to and a fully synchronized transaxle. Production of the 750 and 850 continued until 1985 in L, LE and SC versions.
In the mid-seventies, Zastava management decided to develop a new model, still based on the same Fiat engine. It was originally to be known as Zastava 102, but the name was dropped in 1981 and the car released as
Yugo 45
The Yugo (), also marketed as the Zastava Koral (, sr-Cyrl, Застава Корал) and Yugo Koral, is a subcompact hatchback formerly manufactured by Zastava Automobiles, at the time a Yugoslav corporation.
Originally designed in ...
. It was styled by Zastava with some help from Fiat engineers. It was a shortened
Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a transverse front-engine, front wheel drive small family car manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985 as a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé. The 128 runni ...
and it followed the style of the
Fiat 127
The Fiat 127 is a supermini car produced by Italian car manufacturer FIAT from 1971 to 1983. It was introduced in 1971 as the replacement for the Fiat 850. Production of the 127 in Italy ended in 1983 following the introduction of its replacement, ...
and
Autobianchi A112
The Autobianchi A112 is a supermini produced by the Italian automaker Autobianchi. It was developed using a shrunken version of the contemporary Fiat 128's platform. The mechanicals of the A112 subsequently underpinned the Fiat 127. It was intro ...
but with a more square appearance. Several variants were made, with 903 cc, 1116 cc, and 1301 cc engines.
![Yugo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Yugo.jpg)
In 1981, Zastava entered the British market. 811 cars were registered that year, with sales increasing to 3,101 in 1982, their first full year.
In 1983, export sales accounted for over a sixth of Zastava's production.
Later in the 1980s, Yugo was exported to USA and at the same time it went through several modifications, most importantly the adoption of a five-speed gearbox. In the same decade, Zastava changed its branding name to Yugo and derivative models were renamed: original Zastava Yugo to
Zastava Koral
The Yugo (), also marketed as the Zastava Koral (, sr-Cyrl, Застава Корал) and Yugo Koral, is a subcompact hatchback formerly manufactured by Zastava Automobiles, at the time a Yugoslav corporation.
Originally designed in I ...
and Zastava 101/128 to
Zastava Skala or Yugo Skala. The original numerical classification would remain unchanged for some export markets, as for the United Kingdom.
These were Zastava's best years in number of cars assembled; around 230,000 cars a year towards the end of decade. Zastava cars were to be sold in 70 countries at the time, with 27,000 exported to Western markets. The factory also started to make trucks, under a
IVECO
IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger o ...
licence.
1990s
![Zastava 40](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Zastava_40.10H_2.jpg)
In 1988 a new model was released called the
Zastava Florida
The Zastava Florida, also known as Yugo Sana, Yugo Miami or Yugo Florida, is a five-door hatchback which was introduced by Yugoslav automaker Zastava on 19 February 1987, and remained in production until 2008. The Florida was designed by Giorg ...
(known as Yugo Sana or Yugo Sana Miami, in some countries). Its exterior was designed by
Giorgetto Giugiaro
Giorgetto Giugiaro (; born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automotive designer. He has worked on supercars and popular everyday vehicles. He was born in Garessio, Cuneo, Piedmont.
Giugiaro was named Car Designer of the Century in 1999 and inducted ...
, with a body shape similar to a
Fiat Tipo
The Fiat Tipo (Type 160) is a compact car, designed by the I.DE.A Institute design house, and produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1988 and 1995.
The Tipo was initially available only as a five-door hatchback. The car was made enti ...
(1988) or
Citroën ZX
The Citroën ZX is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Citroën between 1991 and 1998.
During the beginning of the 1990s, the ZX was Citroën's competitor in the class traditionally dominated in Europe by the Ford Escort and ...
(1991).
In the early 1990s, Zastava was affected greatly by the
breakup of Yugoslavia
The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
. The factory production became unstable because of a problem with supplies. Exports were impossible during those years, because of trade sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia. As a result, its cars disappeared from most foreign markets after 1992. Production stopped in 1993, even though there was a waiting list for Yugo cars.
Between 1992 and 1995, it was under UN sanctions, and then between 1998 and 2000, it was under EU and US sanctions. As a result, many Zastava
subsidiaries
A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that either belong to the same parent company or having a sa ...
abroad were forced to cease trading, such as Zastava (GB) Ltd. in the United Kingdom and Yugo Cars in the United States.
In 1999, during the
Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war ...
,
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
bombed the factory in
Kragujevac
Kragujevac ( sr-Cyrl, Крагујевац, ) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the Šumadija District. It is the historical centre of the geographical region of Šumadija in central Serbia, and is situated on ...
, Serbia because
Zastava Arms
Zastava Arms ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Застава oружје, Zastava oružje) is a Serbian manufacturer of firearms and artillery, based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It was founded in 1853 when it cast its first cannon. It is the leading producer of firear ...
was a major military supplier to the Serb government. Some of the car manufacturing buildings were damaged and numerous workers were injured.
2000s
After the war, there were trade talks with Hungarian firms to assemble Yugos in Hungary, but no agreement was reached because of the Yugoslavian partner's hesitation. However,
Zastava Trucks
Zastava Trucks ( sr, Застава Камиони ) is a Serbian truck manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, Serbia. It is a subsidiary of Group Zastava Vehicles which declared bankruptcy in May 2017. In September 2017, the Government of ...
were assembled in Hungary, near Pécs, with IVECO engines.
Yugos were facelifted and new versions are introduced in the
Belgrade International Motor Show in 2002. The new Zaatava Koral IN had a 1.1l 55HP engine with
Bosch electronic injection
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines.
All compr ...
, the transmission designed by
Porsche
Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche (; see #Pronunciation, below), is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans, headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany ...
, slightly new internal and external design, improved safety, and many extra details which were missing from former models. Koral In also have Peugeot 1.1L, 60HP engine.
The new generation of Yugo was granted a
FIA
FIA is the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (English: International Automobile Federation), the world's governing body for all forms of motor sport where four or more wheels are used.
Fia or FIA may also refer to: People
* Fia Backst ...
certificate, so it was in compliance with European standards.
In October 2000,
Vojislav Koštunica
Vojislav Koštunica ( sr-cyrl, Војислав Коштуница, ; born 24 March 1944) is a Serbian former politician who served as the last president of FR Yugoslavia from 2000 to 2003 and as the prime minister of Serbia from 2004 to 2008.
...
became the new president of Yugoslavia (also a Yugo Koral owner) and soon after, the sanctions against the country were lifted the exports resumed. The production had fallen to a mere 9 per cent of its pre-1990 230,000-vehicle annual capacity, with exports at around 4,000 vehicles.
The new Yugoslav government embarked on a $50 million reorganization effort in cooperation with the
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Interna ...
, which resulted in mass layoffs, aiming to privatize the company.
A new prototype for the Yugo Florida, known as the Florida 2.0, was made, equipped with the same engine as in the
Fiat Bravo
The Fiat Bravo and Fiat Brava (Type 182) are small family cars produced by the Italian automaker Fiat from 1995 to 2003 (2001 in Europe). They were effectively two versions of the same car: the Bravo, a three-door hatchback, and the Brava, a fi ...
2.0.
Cancelled project: Zastava Motor Works
In 2002, the American entrepreneur
Malcolm Bricklin
Malcolm N. Bricklin (born March 9, 1939) is an American businessman, widely known for an unorthodox career spanning more than six decades with numerous prominent failures and successes — primarily manufacturing or importing automobiles to ...
, who had previously imported Yugo into the United States, signed a deal with Zastava to reintroduce the company's products into America.
Bricklin's intention was to sell the cars for less than $10,000 under the brand name ZMW (as in Zastava Motor Works). Even though a website proclaiming the brand's arrival was produced by Bricklin's company, by 2006 his intentions had switched to importing products from Chinese car maker
Chery
Chery Automobile Co. Ltd., trading as Chery and sometimes known by the pinyin transcription of its Chinese name, ''Qirui'' (), is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhu, Anhui, China. Founded in 1997, it is curre ...
instead.
Also there were produced some unknown models from the beginning of the 1990s and after 2000 as the respond of new market demands. Such models were: Yugo GV Turbo (90's), Yugo Electra (90's), Zastava Koral In (euro-concept), Zastava Globus Koral In (electromobile), Zastava Florida Caravan, Zastava Florida Sedan.
2005–2008
![Zastava 10 front view](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Zastava_10_front_view.jpg)
Zastava automobiles have been sold and exported in
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
,
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
,
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
,
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
,
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
,
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
,
Lebanon
Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...
,
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
,
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
,
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...
,
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, and
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
(where Zastava cars were produced under the marque of the state owned
Nasr car company). CEO of Zastava cars Zoran Radojević has declared that the company has received offers from African countries for technology transfer. It is believed that Congo was interested in starting production of the
Zastava Florida
The Zastava Florida, also known as Yugo Sana, Yugo Miami or Yugo Florida, is a five-door hatchback which was introduced by Yugoslav automaker Zastava on 19 February 1987, and remained in production until 2008. The Florida was designed by Giorg ...
and Egypt of the
Zastava 128 128 may refer to
*128 (number), a natural number
*AD 128, a year in the 2nd century AD
* 128 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC
*128 (New Jersey bus)
See also
* List of highways numbered
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may a ...
.
In October 2005, an agreement with Fiat was reached for production of the
Fiat Punto
The Fiat Punto is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1993 to 2018, spanning over three generations. The third generation of the car was marketed between 2005 and 2009 as the Grande Punto, and between 2009 ...
by Zastava for Eastern European markets, which would be commercialed as the
Zastava 10
The Zastava 10 is a subcompact car that was produced by Zastava between 2006 and 2008. Essentially a rebadged Fiat Punto under licence, The car was the last vehicle to be introduced by the company before it was acquired by Fiat.
Design
The ca ...
.
The Koral IN L, with a fuel injected 1.1 L
Peugeot
Peugeot (, , ) is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis.
The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, with a steel foundry that soon started making hand tools and kitchen equipment, and the ...
engine, met the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
safety standards in a test supervised by the German
Technischer Überwachungsverein
TÜVs (; short for german: Technischer Überwachungsverein, en, Technical Inspection Association) are internationally active, independent service companies from Germany and Austria that test, inspect and certify technical systems, facilities and ...
(Technical Monitoring Association). This was seem as a chance to pave the way for export to EU countries.
The
Zastava 10
The Zastava 10 is a subcompact car that was produced by Zastava between 2006 and 2008. Essentially a rebadged Fiat Punto under licence, The car was the last vehicle to be introduced by the company before it was acquired by Fiat.
Design
The ca ...
, based on the Italian
Fiat Punto
The Fiat Punto is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1993 to 2018, spanning over three generations. The third generation of the car was marketed between 2005 and 2009 as the Grande Punto, and between 2009 ...
Mark 2b, was the last Zastava's most modern car before this factory was taken by
Fiat
Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...
.
Optional features included dual front airbags and air conditioning, as well as power windows. Although the Zastava 10 was Zastava's newest and best model at that time, it faced fierce competition in its home market against cars like the
Volkswagen Polo
The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the German car manufacturer Volkswagen since 1975. It is sold in Europe and other markets worldwide in hatchback, saloon, and estate variants throughout its production run.
History
...
. However, it had some advantages over many of its rivals, including price. As of December 2007, Zastava 10 price started at €7,550 in the Serbian market. In March 2007, the Zastava 10's share of the Serbian car market was 11% and the company started exporting cars to former Yugoslav republics in the first half of 2007, and with plans to add to Bulgaria and Albania as well.
Production of all Zastava cars (Yugo, Skala 101 and Florida) ceased by November 20, 2008.
After that day, the only car in production was to be Zastava 10 which has had its front part slightly modified and its name was changed to Punto Classic.
In addition to the Punto Classic (ex-Zastava 10), Zastava was negotiating with Fiat for the production rights to another model not yet in production, a C-segment sedan, codenamed Project D200, to be manufactured for Fiat by Zastava and/or
Tofaş
Tofaş (acronym for ''Türk Otomobil Fabrikası Anonim Şirketi''; ''Turkish Automobile Factory Joint-Stock Company'' pronounced ) is a Turkish automobile manufacturer which was established in 1968 by Vehbi Koç, who was the founder of Koç Ho ...
of Turkey. It was considered to compete with the
Dacia Logan
The Dacia Logan is a family of automobiles produced and marketed jointly by the French manufacturer Renault and its Romanian subsidiary Dacia since mid-2004, and was the successor to the Dacia 1310 and Dacia Solenza. It has been produced as a ...
.
2008 shutdown and bankruptcy
Fiat Group Automobiles
Stellantis Italy, formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. from 2007 to 2014 and FCA Italy S.p.A. from 2014 to 2021, is the Italian subsidiary of the multinational automaker Stellantis, dedicated to the production and selling of passenger ...
(FGA) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Serbian government for the acquisition of Zastava's Kragujevac plant on 7 May 2008. The memorandum of understanding foresees a new company being set up in which the Italian group would have a 67% of stake and the Serbian government acquiring 33% of stake in the new company. A new company was named
Fiat Automobili Srbija
Fiat Serbia., name=FS — formerly "FIAT Automobiles Serbia"., name=FAS (FAS) from 2008 to 2014, then
"FCA Serbia"., name=FCAS (FCAS) until 2021 — is a Serbian automotive manufacturing company based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is a joint v ...
.
The new company would make a total investment in the region of 700 million euros, with the government contributing 200 million euros to this. The Zastava plant would produce two new Fiat models, rejecting previous reports the plant could produce the 500 compact city car.
The last Zastava branded car rolled out of the factory on 21 November 2008.
In May 2017, Group Zastava Vehicles, consisted of Zastava Automobiles, Zastava Trucks, Zastava INPRO and Zastava Special Automobiles, filed for bankruptcy before the Economic Court in Kragujevac.
, the Zastava automobiles company and its subsidiaries are in bankruptcy procedure and currently exists as in sr-Latn, Akcionarsko društvo za holding, konsalting i menadžment poslove grupa Zastava vozila Kragujevac - u stečaju ().
Former models list
![Fiat Punto Classic produced in Serbia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Fiat_Punto_Classic_produced_in_Serbia.jpg)
Vehicles produced by the Zastava factory in Kragujevac, Serbia:
*
Fiat Campagnola
The Fiat Campagnola is a heavy-duty off-road vehicle produced by Fiat. Production started in 1951 and it was upgraded in 1974. It was inspired by the Willys Jeep.
Fiat 1101 "Campagnola" (1951-73)
Civilian models
Fiat 1107 "Nuova Campagnola" ...
– 1953–1962. 9,089 built without modification.
*
Fiat 1400
The Fiat 1400 and Fiat 1900 are passenger cars produced by Italian automotive manufacturer Fiat from 1950 to 1958 and from 1952 to 1959 respectively. The two models shared body and platform, but while the 1.4-litre 1400 was Fiat's intermediate of ...
– 1954–1961, without modification.
*
Fiat 1100
The Fiat 1100 is a small family car produced from 1953 until 1969 by the Italian manufacturer Fiat. It was an all-new unibody replacement for the Fiat 1100 E, which descended from the pre-war, body-on-frame Fiat 508 C Balilla 1100. The 1100 was ...
R – thousands produced.
*
Fiat 1800
The Fiat 1800 and 2100 are six-cylinder automobiles produced by Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1959 and 1968. Both models were introduced in 1959. A four-cylinder 1500 cc version, the 1500L, was added to the range in 1963. The 1800/2100 were d ...
- 613 produced examples between 1960 and 1962.
*
Zastava 750
The Zastava 750 (Застава 750) was a supermini made by the Serbian car maker Zavod Crvena Zastava in Kragujevac. It was a version of the Fiat 600 made under licence from 1962 and was longer than the Fiat version. The Zastava 750 has a e ...
(later 850), nicknamed "Fića", 1955–1985. 923,487 produced with some modification.
*
Fiat 615
Fiat 615 was a model of Fiat light truck manufactured from 1951 to 1953 as a successor to the Fiat 1100ELR, with which it was still built in parallel. It had a total weight of , and was available in versions stake or van bodywork, chassis and carro ...
– medium truck produced by
Zastava Kamioni from 1957–?. 36,000 built.
*
Zastava 620B
Zastava 620B was a crew cab (double cab) light utility truck, developed on the basis by Fiat 615, also produced by Zastava Automobiles under licence since 1961.
Characteristics
Vehicle was equipped with Fiat's 1.9 liter gasoline engine, featuring ...
- medium truck crew cab produced by
Zastava Kamioni from 1962–1976.
*
Fiat 1300/1500
The Fiat 1300 and Fiat 1500 are a series of front-engine, rear-drive automobiles manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1961 to 1967, replacing the Fiat 1400 and Fiat 1200 coupé, spyder and cabriolet. The 1300 and 1500 were essentially identica ...
– 1962–1979. 201,160 without modification.
*
Fiat 850
The Fiat 850 (''Tipo 100G'') is a small rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive car manufactured and marketed by Italian car manufacturer Fiat from 1964 to 1973.
History Overview
Its technical design was an evolution of the successful Fiat 600. The interna ...
– A modified/stretched FIAT 600D passenger compact car thousands produced.
*
Fiat-OM 40 – 1969–1980s A 12 t lorry based on the original 1970s OM 40 with Fiat truck engine and some with 4X4 for the army.
*
Zastava Skala
Zastava Skala (), also known as Yugo Skala (), is a generic name for a family of cars built by Serbian manufacturer Zastava Automobili. Based on a Fiat 128 sedan, it was introduced in 1971 and sold as Zastava (Yugo) 128 with a restyled rear panel. ...
– Fiat 128 based with many body modifications. 1971–2008. 1,273,532 built. Many built in Egypt by
Nasr.
*
Zastava 128 128 may refer to
*128 (number), a natural number
*AD 128, a year in the 2nd century AD
* 128 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC
*128 (New Jersey bus)
See also
* List of highways numbered
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may a ...
– 1980–2003
*
Zastava Koral
The Yugo (), also marketed as the Zastava Koral (, sr-Cyrl, Застава Корал) and Yugo Koral, is a subcompact hatchback formerly manufactured by Zastava Automobiles, at the time a Yugoslav corporation.
Originally designed in I ...
(Yugo 45) – 1980–2008. 750,000 built. More than 150,000 Yugos exported to the USA. Global production: 794,428.
*
Zastava 900AK – ??–1989.
*
Fiat Daily – 1991–?
IVECO
IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger o ...
owns 46% of Zastava Kamioni.
*
Zastava Florida
The Zastava Florida, also known as Yugo Sana, Yugo Miami or Yugo Florida, is a five-door hatchback which was introduced by Yugoslav automaker Zastava on 19 February 1987, and remained in production until 2008. The Florida was designed by Giorg ...
(Yugo Sana) – 1988–November 2008, 29,950 built of the second series.
*
Zastava Z10 (Fiat Punto II) – 2006–2008; 4,224 units built.
*
Zastava Uno (Yugo Uno 45R) - 1988-1994. 2620 units built as copy of the
Fiat Uno
The Fiat Uno is a supermini manufactured and marketed by Fiat. Launched in 1983, the Uno was produced over a single generation (with an intermediate facelift, 1989) in three and five-door hatchback body styles until 1995 in Europe — and un ...
1st generation.
*
Fiat Punto Classic– 2008–2011, 2013;
41,000 built.
See also
*
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA) was an Italian-American multinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles, commercial vehicles, auto parts and production systems. The Italian holding company Exor was the largest ...
*
Fiat
Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...
*
IDA-Opel
IDA-Opel (Industrija Delova Automobila- Kikinda) was a Serbian (Yugoslav) car manufacturer based in Kikinda, Serbia, between 1977 and 1992. The original plant was established in 1908 as a workshop attached to a local brick factory.
In 1977, afte ...
*
List of automobile manufacturers
This is a list of notable automobile manufacturers with articles on Wikipedia by country. It includes companies that are in business as well as defunct manufacturers. Only companies that have articles here are included.
A
Algeria
* SNVI
...
*
Zastava Special Automobiles
Zastava Special Automobiles ( sr, Zastava specijalni automobili or Застава специјални аутомобили) was a Serbian special automobile factory with headquarters in Sombor, Serbia. It was a subsidiary of Group Zastava Vehicle ...
*
Zastava Trucks
Zastava Trucks ( sr, Застава Камиони ) is a Serbian truck manufacturer based in the city of Kragujevac, Serbia. It is a subsidiary of Group Zastava Vehicles which declared bankruptcy in May 2017. In September 2017, the Government of ...
References
External links
{{Zastava
Car manufacturers of Serbia
Car manufacturers of Yugoslavia
Companies based in Kragujevac
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1953
1953 establishments in Yugoslavia
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Serbia
Serbian brands