Visoko ( sr-cyrl, Високо, ) is a city located in the
Zenica-Doboj Canton
The Zenica-Doboj Canton (; hr, Zeničko-dobojska županija; sr, Зеничко-добојски кантон) is one of 10 cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The cantonal seat is the City of Zenica ...
of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entities within the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Republika Srpska. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists ...
, an entity of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 39,938 inhabitants with 11,205 living in Visoko town. Located between
Zenica
Zenica ( ; ; ) is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and an administrative and economic center of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zenica-Doboj Canton. It is located in the Bosna (river), Bosna river valley, about north of Sarajevo. Th ...
and
Sarajevo
Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its a ...
, Visoko lies where the river
Fojnica
Fojnica ( sr-cyrl, Фојница) is a town and municipality located in Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located west of the capital Sarajevo, in the valley of the Fojn ...
joins the
Bosna.
The Visoko region has evidence of long continuous occupation, with the first traces of life dating back to the 5th millennium BC.
Archaeological excavations of Okolište have found one of the biggest
neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
settlements of the
Butmir culture in
southeastern Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical subregion of Europe, consisting primarily of the Balkans. Sovereign states and territories that are included in the region are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (al ...
.
It was an
early political and commercial center of the
Bosnian medieval state, and
the site
''The Site'' is an hour-long TV program devoted to the Internet revolution. It debuted in July 1996 with MSNBC's launch, and aired Monday through Saturday, reaching 35 million homes. Soledad O'Brien hosted ''The Site'', along with her animat ...
where the first Bosnian king
Tvrtko I
Stephen Tvrtko I ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko, Стјепан/Стефан Твртко; 1338 – 10 March 1391) was the first king of Bosnia. A member of the House of Kotromanić, he succeeded his uncle Stephen II ...
was crowned. The
Old town Visoki, located on
Visočica hill Visočica may refer to:
* Visočica hill, a hill in Bosnia and Herzegovina near Visoko
* Visočica (mountain)
Visočica ( sr-cyrl, Височица) is a mountain range in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geologically, Visočica is part of the Di ...
, was a politically important fortress, and its
inner bailey
The inner bailey or inner ward of a castle is the strongly fortified enclosure at the heart of a medieval castle.Friar, Stephen (2003). ''The Sutton Companion to Castles'', Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2003, p. 22. It is protected by the outer w ...
Podvisoki
Podvisoki ( cyrl, Подвисоки) was a medieval settlement, a castle town (in ), as part of wider area just beneath of the fortress Visoki, located on the Visočica hill above modern-day Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
Podvisoki wa ...
was an early example of a Bosnian medieval urban area.
Pavao Anđelić
Pavao Anđelić (1920-1985) was a Bosnian lawyer, archaeologist and historian. He mainly studied the history of medieval Bosnia and is noted for archeological work done at Mile and historically rich areal surrounding modern town of Visoko, as we ...
, Srednji vijek – Doba stare bosanske države, "Visoko i okolina kroz historiju I, Visoko 1984, 160–162
After the fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia, medieval Visoko grew as an
Ottoman town. A key role in its development was played by the local
Bosnian Ajas-pasha
Ajas Pasha (? - Anatolia, 1486) was a Bosnian sanjak-bey and later pasha in Ottoman service.
Career
He was sanjak-bey of Bosnia, referred to as ''the Lord of the King's land'', from 1470 to 1475, 1477 to 1478 and in 1483, and ruled sanjak-bey ...
Ottoman rule ended in 1878 when the
Bosnian Vilayet was occupied by
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. On 11 November 1911, in the last years of
Austro-Hungarian rule, it was almost completely burned down by an accidental fire. Before the
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...
, Visoko was the largest exporter of textile and leather in socialist
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
As of 2006, Visoko attracts tens of thousands of tourists every year,
mainly because of
Semir Osmanagić
Semir Osmanagić (born June 1, 1960), also known as Sam Osmanagich, is a Bosnian businessman and author. He is best known for promoting his pseudoarchaeology, pseudo-archaeological project in central Bosnia (near the town of Visoko) related to th ...
's
claims
Claim may refer to:
* Claim (legal)
* Claim of Right Act 1689
* Claims-based identity
* Claim (philosophy)
* Land claim
* A ''main contention'', see conclusion of law
* Patent claim
* The assertion of a proposition; see Douglas N. Walton
* A righ ...
.
Geography
The Visoko municipality covers 232 square kilometres with several characteristic, morphologically distinctive valleys formed by the foothills of the
Central Bosnia
Central Bosnia (, ) is a central subregion of Bosnia, which consists of a core mountainous area with several basins, valleys and mountains. It is bordered by Bosnian Krajina to the northwest, Tropolje ( Livno area) to the west, Herzegovina to t ...
n mountains including Ozren, Vranica and Zvijezda. The altitude of the region ranges from 400 to 1,050 metres. Visoko's natural environment is defined by the river-valleys of the
Bosna and Fojnica rivers. The municipality borders the towns of
Kiseljak,
Busovača
Busovača () is a town and municipality located in Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located from Sarajevo, from Zenica, and from Travnik.
History
During the Croat ...
,
Kakanj,
Vareš
Vareš ( cyrl, Вареш) is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is famous for the local m ...
,
Breza,
Ilijaš
Ilijaš ( sr-cyrl, Илијаш) is a town and municipality located in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located northwest of the inner city of Sarajevo and was established in ...
and
Ilidža
Ilidža ( sr-cyrl, Илиџа, ) is a town and a municipality located in Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a total population of 66,730 with 63,528 in Ilidža itself, and is ...
, and is connected by rail to the
Adriatic
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...
coast.
Infrastructure
Visoko is directly connected to a
highway
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access ...
along the
European route E73
European route E73 forms part of the United Nations International E-road network, connecting Hungary and eastern Croatia to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Adriatic Sea in the vicinity of the port of Ploče. This route is also designated as the ...
(
A1 motorway
A1, A-1, A01 or A.1. may refer to:
Education
* A1, the Basic Language Certificate of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
* Language A1, the former name for "Language A: literature", one of the IB Group 1 subjects
* A1, a ...
) which directly connects it with Zenica and Sarajevo, which then continues to
M17 road. It is connected to other places by the regional road R443 (Visoko -
Kiseljak -
Kreševo
Kreševo ( sr-cyrl, Крешево, ) is a town and municipality located in Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kreševo is a mountainous town, located in a narrow valley of th ...
-
Tarčin
Tarčin is a village in the municipality of Hadžići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It is located around 30 km west of Sarajevo in the Sarajevo Canton within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. European route E73, a European highway betw ...
). It is located along the
Šamac-Sarajevo railway. Visokogas is a public company in charge of the supply of natural gas, which supplies majority of city itself and some surrounding local communities.
Demographics
History
Prehistoric era
The Visoko region shows evidence of long continuous occupation, with the first traces of life dating back to Paleolithic. Because of the two rivers that go through Visoko, the
Bosna and Fojnica, the Visoko basin was always fertile land for agriculture.
In the
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
period, the area of Central
Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
played an important role as a mediator between the settlements of
Adriatic
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...
Coast and the central
Balkan
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
s. These metropolitan areas were connected by
Neretva and
Bosna rivers. Since Visoko was situated on the Bosna River, it has gained a lot of economic traffic between the two larger cities.
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
emplacements were founded on the shores of the rivers in places known today as Arnautovići, Donje Moštre, Okolište, Zbilje, Ginje, and Dvor. Arnautovići and Okolište were identified as part of
Kakanj culture
Kakanj culture was an early Neolithic culture that appeared in Central Bosnia and covered periods dated from 6230–5990 to 5300–4900 BC.
History
Central Bosnia and areas in Sarajevo, Visoko, and Zenica basins were some of the main areas of dif ...
.
In September 2007 the
National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: ''Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine'' / Земаљски музеј Босне и Херцеговине) is located in central Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and ...
continued
archaeological excavations of Okolište, where it is estimated that around 3,000 people lived in the fortified settlement during the Neolithic Age making it one of the biggest in
Southeastern Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical subregion of Europe, consisting primarily of the Balkans. Sovereign states and territories that are included in the region are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (al ...
.
This settlement belonged to the
Butmir culture. The age of settlement is estimated by
Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
The method was dev ...
to be around 4700 to 4500 years
B.C.E
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the or ...
. Later on, neolithic cultures came in contact with other cultures like
Baden
Baden (; ) is a historical territory in South Germany, in earlier times on both sides of the Upper Rhine but since the Napoleonic Wars only East of the Rhine.
History
The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen. Baden is ...
. Around 3000 B.C.E. first signs of
Chalcolithic
The Copper Age, also called the Chalcolithic (; from grc-gre, χαλκός ''khalkós'', "copper" and ''líthos'', "stone") or (A)eneolithic (from Latin '' aeneus'' "of copper"), is an archaeological period characterized by regular ...
culture appear which can be contributed to
Vučedol culture
The Vučedol culture ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Vučedolska kultura, Вучедолска култура) flourished between 3000 and 2200 BCE (the Eneolithic period of earliest copper-smithing), centered in Syrmia and eastern Slavonia on the right bank of ...
of south Bosnian type, with findings in Donje Moštre and at the location of
Old town of Visoki
The Old town of Visoki ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Stari grad Visoki, Стари град Високи, ) was a medieval royal castle town built during the 14th century on the top of the hill overlooking town of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first ment ...
.
Illyria and Roman empire
The Visoko area was inhabited by the
Illyirian tribe of
Daesitiates
Daesitiates were an Illyrian tribe that lived on the territory of today's central Bosnia, during the time of the Roman Republic. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates were part of the western group of Pannonians in Roman Dalmatia. They were ...
. They descended from
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
and
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...
culture called
Central Bosnian culture group which was closely related to
Glasinac culture
The Glasinac-Mati culture is an archaeological culture, which first developed during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the western Balkan Peninsula in an area which encompassed much of modern Albania to the south, Kosovo to the east, Monte ...
. Best known archaeological evidence is grave of group of warriors dated to 4 B.C.E. found in Gornji Skladovi, Vratnica. The
Roman empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...
established its rule in 9 AD and built roads and fortresses in places like Kralupi, Seoča and Mokronozi. Area of Visoko was part of Roman province
Illyricum.
Medieval Bosnia (958–1463)
Migration period
The Migration Period was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman ...
saw introduction of new people to the Balkans -
Slavs
Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...
. Native
Illyirian tribes through time became
slavicized
Slavicisation or Slavicization, is the acculturation of something Slavic into a non-Slavic culture, cuisine, region, or nation. To a lesser degree, it also means acculturation or adoption of something non-Slavic into Slavic culture or terms. Th ...
, but a lot of
toponyms
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...
remained Illyirian in origin, like in example name of the
river Bosna
The Bosna () is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the Neretva and the Vrbas. The other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Una, to ...
, which is namesake of country itself, but also a term for settlement which was used to reference the place called Bosna that existed in today's area of Visoko. It is considered that this area in Visoko basin was nucleus of new medieval Bosnian state which emerged in around 1000 AD. Only later on with construction of
Old town of Visoki
The Old town of Visoki ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Stari grad Visoki, Стари град Високи, ) was a medieval royal castle town built during the 14th century on the top of the hill overlooking town of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first ment ...
the term ''Bosna'' for the settlement would be rarely used.
Visoko is named after the
Visoki
The Old town of Visoki ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Stari grad Visoki, Стари град Високи, ) was a medieval royal castle town built during the 14th century on the top of the hill overlooking town of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first men ...
Castle and the town of Visoki, which occupied
Visočica hill Visočica may refer to:
* Visočica hill, a hill in Bosnia and Herzegovina near Visoko
* Visočica (mountain)
Visočica ( sr-cyrl, Височица) is a mountain range in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geologically, Visočica is part of the Di ...
.
Podvisoki
Podvisoki ( cyrl, Подвисоки) was a medieval settlement, a castle town (in ), as part of wider area just beneath of the fortress Visoki, located on the Visočica hill above modern-day Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
Podvisoki wa ...
,
Mile
The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English ...
(today's Arnautovići), Biskupići and Moštre – together known as Visoko valley - were the early center of the
medieval Bosnian kingdom. Many historical
charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the rec ...
s were made and written in Visoko valley, including the charter of first Bosnian king
Tvrtko I Kotromanić
Stephen Tvrtko I ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko, Стјепан/Стефан Твртко; 1338 – 10 March 1391) was the king of Bosnia, first king of Kingdom of Bosnia, Bosnia. A member of the House of Kotromanić, h ...
in 1355, ''in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum'' which was also the first direct mention of the town of Visoki. Visoki was also a place where many important documents and legislation of medieval Bosnia were signed and written. The town of Visoki had a defensive role in protecting
trade center
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market.
An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct excha ...
Podvisoki (''Subvisoki'') which was located just below the town and was one of earliest examples of the
medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...
urban environments in Bosnia. Podvisoki was long time main trade center in medieval Bosnia.
![MileOstaci](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/MileOstaci.jpg)
The
Rusag
''Stanak'' ''(in original Bosančica: Сmɖɴɖк; )'' is the most common name used to refer to the assembly of nobility in medieval Bosnia. The assembly was also known as the ''Rusag'' (from the Hungarian word ''orszag'', meaning "country"), '' ...
met at Mile, where
Tvrtko I
Stephen Tvrtko I ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko, Стјепан/Стефан Твртко; 1338 – 10 March 1391) was the first king of Bosnia. A member of the House of Kotromanić, he succeeded his uncle Stephen II ...
was crowned in 1377 and eventually buried alongside his uncle,
Stjepan II Kotromanić, the
Ban of Bosnia
This is a list of rulers of Bosnia, containing bans and kings of Medieval Bosnia.
Duke (1082–1136)
Bans (1136–1377)
Kings and queen (1377–1463)
All Bosnian kings added the honorific Stephen to their baptismal name upon accession.
, ...
who preceded him. The Medieval Bosnian State Archive was also located there. Mile is today known for its many ornamented tombs of kings, bans and other former rulers.
Ban Kulin's Plate (dating from 1193) was discovered at Biskupići, along with the remains of another medieval church, grave sites and the foundations of several other contemporary structures. Moštre's university was knows for its scholarship in medicine, theology,
cosmogeny
Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe.
Overview
Scientific theories
In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used i ...
and ethics, although because of its connection to the
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Crkva bosanska, Црква Босанска) was a Christian church in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina that was independent of and considered heretical by both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox ...
, nothing remains of its archives. Its existence is documented only by a handful of references in the
Vatican archives
The Vatican Apostolic Archive ( la, Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum; it, Archivio Apostolico Vaticano), formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in the Vatican City of all acts promulgated by the Holy See.
The Pont ...
of its enemy, the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
.
Other notable medieval settlements in the vicinity included Sebinje town, Čajan town in Gračanica – which protected the roads between Visoko and
Bobovac
Bobovac ( sh-Cyrl, Бобовац) is a fortified city of medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near today's Vareš and the village of Borovica. It is protected site as a National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
The city was ...
– and the town of Bedem i Goduša.
Ottoman Empire (1463–1878)
![Ilustracija](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Ilustracija.jpg)
The area of Visoko was conquered by
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
around 1463, and it is from this time period that modern Visoko was formed. The founder of the town of Visoko was Ajas-beg (
pasha
Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, gener ...
), who was originally from Visoko but converted to
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
from
Bogomilism
Bogomilism (Bulgarian and Macedonian: ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", bogumilstvo, богумилство) was a Christian neo-Gnostic or dualist sect founded in the First Bulgarian Empire by the priest Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Pete ...
. Visoko was a municipality at that time. From 1483, a
voivod served at the head of the Visoko municipality, who together with the
serdar Serdar may refer to
* Serdar (given name)
* Serdar (surname)
* SERDAR, a stabilized remote-controlled Ukrainian weapon station
* Serdar (city) in Turkmenistan, the capital of Serdar District
* Serdar (Ottoman rank), a military and noble rank of t ...
(military commander) was the representative of the military and administration. The main
imam
Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...
(reisu-l-eimme), who existed in Visoko, fulfilled religious duties and duties to society. The court (or judicial) administration was carried out by the naib (or judge), who received help for bringing decisions by a jury of respected people from Visoko. The naib effected the law and his court according to
sheriat
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the ...
.
During his rule, up to 1477, Ajas-beg built
hamam, a religious primary school (
mekteb
A kuttab ( ar, كُتَّاب ''kuttāb'', plural: ''kataatiib'', ) or maktab ( ar, مَكْتَب) is a type of elementary school in the Muslim world. Though the ''kuttab'' was primarily used for teaching children in reading, writing, grammar, a ...
), an
aqueduct, bridge on the
river Bosna
The Bosna () is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the Neretva and the Vrbas. The other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Una, to ...
, and a
madrassa
Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...
(Islamic high school), and also founded
Dervish
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh (from fa, درویش, ''Darvīsh'') in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity
A fraternity (from Latin language, Latin ''wiktionary:frater, frater'': "brother (Christian), brother"; whence, ...
tekke (monastery), which is preserved to this day. In a short period, Visoko developed into the administrative center of the municipality and into the heart of trade and
crafts
A craft or trade is a pastime or an occupation that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work. In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small scale prod ...
, as well as the heart of cultural and spiritual life in the region. Visoko by then had the imbibe look of an
Islamic
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...
oriental-style town with all the religious and cultural institutions.
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1878–1918)
![Building in NeoMoorish style](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Building_in_NeoMoorish_style.jpg)
The
Vilayet of Bosnia was
occupied by Austro-Hungary in 1878 (officially annexed in 1908) and only small local
militia
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...
s showed resistance and fought. In the early years of
Austro-Hungarian rule, Visoko did not significantly change and kept its oriental-style look. In 1882, Visoko was an organized settlement with developed trade,
offices
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific dut ...
, and other institutions. Increasing contact with
western culture
Leonardo da Vinci's ''Vitruvian Man''. Based on the correlations of ideal Body proportions">human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise ''De architectura''.
image:Plato Pio-Cle ...
directed Visoko's style in a slightly different way such that buildings of that time were built in
Pseudo-Moorish
Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th centur ...
style. The Tabhana mosque was founded in Visoko center and the city itself was expanded further to the banks of the Fojnica River. The main street was developed towards the town of Jalija, located at the delta of and a bridge across the Bosna River.
The first buildings of this period included the train station from 1882, the court building from 1895, a church with a
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...
gymnasium (1899–1900), the municipality office, and a primary school from 1910. All were mainly built in the pseudo-Moorish style. Further development of the city was stalled by ''jangija'', the big fire in 1911. The upper city area was completely burned, as well all the houses down the main street alongside Beledija, Shadrvan mosque and the high school. In all, 450 homes, stores and other small buildings were burned down. In the spring of 1912, the rebuilding of the city started and the government decided that all houses would be built with bricks and a tile roof in a
traditional Bosnian style. After the mayor rebuilt Visoko, it had a unique mix of
oriental
The Orient is a term for the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of ''Occident'', the Western World. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the ...
and
Western
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
styles. Some houses from this time period still stand in the old district of the town.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia, NDH and WWII (1918–45)
After
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and the defeat of
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
in 1918, Visoko was incorporated into the new
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 unt ...
. In the new state, the structure of houses did not change nor did the town develop. At the outbreak of the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Visoko was included in the newly formed
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
-sponsored
Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in p ...
.
Allied
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
bombers pursued German and NDH forces and dropped nine bombs in the Visoko area, destroying strategic targets. Throughout the war, the town was not a battlefront and did not suffer much damage from the war itself. However, of the 1205 soldiers from the Visoko area, 142 of them were killed during the war. Visoko was liberated on 7 April 1945 by the 7th, 9th and 17th Krajina brigades from the Tenth division of the forces of the
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...
.
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–92)
![Urban_settlement_Luke_in_Visoko](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Urban_settlement_Luke_in_Visoko.jpg)
After
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Visoko, like many other towns in
Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
, began industrialisation and further urban expansion. From 1950, the town expanded to the extensive
lowland
Upland and lowland are conditional descriptions of a plain based on elevation above sea level. In studies of the ecology of freshwater rivers, habitats are classified as upland or lowland.
Definitions
Upland and lowland are portions of ...
s along
Bosna and Fojnica shores, which were mostly used as farms. For ages, Visoko was known for its quality leather industry and with new age of industrialisation, the biggest leather company in Yugoslavia, KTK, had its headquarters in Visoko. Besides the leather industry, Visoko was distinctive for its textile, trade, metal and food industries, making the town one of the largest exporters in Socialist Yugoslavia. By 1991, Visoko had 92,5 million dollars of
exported good, with 80 million of that from KTK's leather industry. Due to the economic success of Visoko, Yugoslav president
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...
came to Visoko to visit the factories and the town itself.
During this period, the town developed necessary institutions like a post office, police and
fire station
__NOTOC__
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire h ...
s, health care, hotels, supermarkets, sport stadiums, and halls. Culture bloomed with the founding of a theatre, museum, cinema and library. Education was also improved by building three new schools: a primary ''
Safvet-beg Bašagić
Dr. Safvet-beg Bašagić ( sr-cyrl, Сафвет-бег Башагић; 6 May 1870 – 9 April 1934), also known as Mirza Safvet, was a Bosnian writer who is often described by Bosniak historians as the "father of Bosnian Renaissance", and one of ...
'', two high schools with a gymnasium and mixed high school center, ''Hazim Šabanović''. In 1983 Zlatko Ugljen received
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Muslim societies in the field ...
for
Šerefudin's White Mosque
Šerefudin's White Mosque ( bs, Šerefudinova Bijela džamija) is a mosque located in Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is of great Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, architectural importance to the city and ...
. The late 1980s and early 1990s were years of hasty urbanization and building of whole settlements like ''Luke'' which represents the most densely populated area of Visoko.
In 1953, Visoko's handball club,
RK Bosna, (previously ''Vitex'') was founded and eventually competed in the first Yugoslavia handball league. A football club called
Bosna was created in 1953 by merging two existing clubs ''Jadran'' (founded 1923) and ''Radnički'' (founded 1934). Aero club ''Izet Kurtalić'' is also one of the successful clubs which won numerous gold and other medals in Yugoslavia.
Bosnian War (1992–95)
![Visoko,_Alija_Izetebegović_street](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Visoko%2C_Alija_Izetebegovi%C4%87_street.jpg)
On 6 April 1992, a state of emergency was proclaimed, with
local Serbs already armed and surrounding the town. Local residents began to arm themselves or were armed by the
Bosniak SDA
SDA or sda may refer to:
Educational institutions
* San Dieguito Academy, Encinitas, California, US
* SDA Bocconi School of Management, in Milan, Italy
Science and technology Biology
* Specific dynamic action, the thermic effect of food
* Str ...
party. The quick reaction of the local population prevented the town's capture by seizing two local
JNA barracks
Barracks are usually a group of long buildings built to house military personnel or laborers. The English word originates from the 17th century via French and Italian from an old Spanish word "barraca" ("soldier's tent"), but today barracks are u ...
finally on 26 April, where newly formed local TO (territory defence) forces captured most of the arms in the barracks, which was a turning point at the start of
the war in the Visoko area.
The end of January embarked conflict between the
Bosnian Croat HVO and
Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (which succeed TO). On 27 January Visoko and neighbouring units prevented the blockade of
Fojnica
Fojnica ( sr-cyrl, Фојница) is a town and municipality located in Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located west of the capital Sarajevo, in the valley of the Fojn ...
. On 2 November ARBiH units captured nearby HVO-held
Vareš
Vareš ( cyrl, Вареш) is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is famous for the local m ...
. The last days of 1994 brought a ceasefire between HVO and ARBiH, forming a united
Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governin ...
and begin concentrating the fight on the much better-armed
VRS (Army of Republika Srpska).
On 15 June Visoko was center of preparations for breaking the blockage on nearby Sarajevo. The action was however executed but with no significant gains, only some portion of the territory was liberated but Sarajevo stayed besieged. This big manoeuvre helped ARBiH forces outside Sarajevo to capture whole several towns and villages.
Finally, the
Dayton agreement
The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords ( Croatian: ''Daytonski sporazum'', Serbian and Bosnian: ''Dejtonski mirovni sporazum'' / Дејтонски мир ...
removed all front lines who were all 4 years dangerously close to town itself but never changed considerably, and only changes were made by Visoko's forces by capturing nearby Zimča and other minor hills which only prevented town being surrounded which was accomplished. Visoko itself was heavily damaged; especially, economic resources and factories were purposely hit, damaged and destroyed. The damage to the economy was about $200 million. For four years of war Visoko area units lost 297 soldiers, 600 were wounded and disabled. 23 soldiers from Visoko area got highest ranking in ARBiH ''Zlatni Ljiljan'' (Golden Lily), and 19 members of police got ''Golden Police Star''. Civilians also suffered, many of them wounded or killed, although, throughout the whole war, Visoko served as a center for refugees across Bosnia and Herzegovina, as it was considered well defended by their units, thus Visoko was a logistical center of Army BiH because it had industrial capacity and an improvised aerodrome.
Bosnian pyramids claims
Visočica is a hill overlooking the town of Visoko. In October 2005, Bosnian native and author
Semir Osmanagić
Semir Osmanagić (born June 1, 1960), also known as Sam Osmanagich, is a Bosnian businessman and author. He is best known for promoting his pseudoarchaeology, pseudo-archaeological project in central Bosnia (near the town of Visoko) related to th ...
claimed that this hill and several surrounding hills concealed
pyramid
A pyramid (from el, πυραμίς ') is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single step at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilat ...
s.
Scientific investigations of the site show there is no pyramid. Additionally, scientists have criticised the Bosnian authorities for supporting the pyramid claim saying, "This scheme is a cruel hoax on an unsuspecting public and has no place in the world of genuine science."
Bosnian archaeologists have asked that the government cancel the digging permits given to Osmanagić and concentrate on work on the medieval town.
Economy
![VisokoTransport](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/VisokoTransport.jpg)
Visoko, experienced intensive modernization during the socialist era until 1991 with industrial exports accounting for a significant proportion of the town's economic activity. Official Yugoslav data from 1991 state that Visoko achieved over 1 million dollars worth of export. The town's economy was led by 20 sizable enterprises operating in the leather and textile industrial sectors led by KTK and Vitex.
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...
left much of industry destroyed where damages are estimated at around 400 million KM (
Convertible mark
The convertible mark (Bosnian language, Bosanski: , Currency symbol, sign: KM; ISO 4217, code: BAM) is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is divided into 100 or (/) and locally abbreviated ''KM''. While the currency and its subunits ar ...
). Still, even the heavy bombardment by
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
and aircraft didn't stop Visoko's industry from producing goods for the army and civil population of Visoko and area.
Post-war economy still relies on leather industry as
Prevent
Prevention may refer to:
Health and medicine
* Preventive healthcare, measures to prevent diseases or injuries rather than curing them or treating their symptoms
General safety
* Crime prevention, the attempt to reduce deter crime and crimin ...
employs over 1500 workers and makes products mainly for export for European
automobile industry
The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % such ...
. Food industry Vispak received
Guinness
Guinness () is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, in 1759. It is one of the most successful alcohol brands worldwide, brewed in almost 50 countries, and available in ove ...
certificate on 29 July 2005 for making largest
coffee pot
A coffeemaker, coffee maker or coffee machine is a cooking appliance used to brew coffee. While there are many different types of coffeemakers the two most common brewing principles use gravity or pressure to move hot water through coffee gr ...
in the world. Visoko is traditionally known for its
dried meat
Dried meat is a feature of many cuisines around the world. Examples include:
*Kulen Slanina Pečenica
*Aliya, sun-dried meat from Kenya
* Bakkwa or rougan, Chinese salty-sweet dried meat sheets.
* Biltong, a cured meat that originated in Southe ...
products like
sujuk
Sujuk or sucuk is a dry, spicy and fermented sausage which is consumed in several Balkan, Middle Eastern and Central Asian cuisines. Sujuk mainly consists of ground meat and animal fat usually obtained from beef or lamb, but beef is mainly use ...
, and was made at least from the 1750s.
Best known product is "Visočka pečenica" which is permanent charcuterie product obtained from high quality parts of
beef
Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (''Bos taurus'').
In prehistoric times, humankind hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. Since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity ...
, dry salted only with kitchen salt and cold smoked and dried. Association of meat processors from Visoko was founded which goal is to create and geographically protect "Visočka pečenica" as a brand with official application submitted on 29 January.
Tourism
From 2006, tens of thousands
of tourists have visited Visoko because of
Semir Osmanagić
Semir Osmanagić (born June 1, 1960), also known as Sam Osmanagich, is a Bosnian businessman and author. He is best known for promoting his pseudoarchaeology, pseudo-archaeological project in central Bosnia (near the town of Visoko) related to th ...
discredited
Bosnian pyramid claims. The city invested around €250,000 (500,000
KM) for tourism in 2018
Education
There is not much detailed data about
medieval universities
A medieval university was a corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education. The first Western European institutions generally considered to be universities were established in present-day Italy (including the ...
in the Visoko area, or ''the place called Bosnia'' as it was referred to in one of the
Vatican archives
The Vatican Apostolic Archive ( la, Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum; it, Archivio Apostolico Vaticano), formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in the Vatican City of all acts promulgated by the Holy See.
The Pont ...
. It was in 1175 when the university was first mentioned, the high academy of Bosnian religious organization (''see
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Crkva bosanska, Црква Босанска) was a Christian church in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina that was independent of and considered heretical by both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox ...
''). This university was known for its scholarship in medicine, theology,
cosmogeny
Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe.
Overview
Scientific theories
In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used i ...
and ethics. There are four documents that directly or indirectly point to existence of the high academy in the Visoko area. Modern education started with introduction of Rüşdiye's
Ottoman parallel to European
high schools
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
of that time, built in 1870, closed after Austro-Hungarian annexation in 1879. Around 1881. new authorities established ''Municipal schools'' where classes were held in various houses. In 1910 first proper school was built by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, which still stands today. In 1900
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...
gymnasium was relocated from Guča Gora to Visoko. As leather industry played big part in Visoko's economy, in 1929. ''Leather school'' was formed.
Society and culture
National monuments and architecture
![Tabhanska_mosque_in_Visoko,_Bosnia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Tabhanska_mosque_in_Visoko%2C_Bosnia.jpg)
There are 6
National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
Places in the United States
* National, Maryland, ce ...
in Visoko:
*
Mile
The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English ...
, place of gathering of medieval Bosnian nobility, and was one of the places where
Stanak was held.
*
Neolithic settlement in Okolište, biggest
Butmir culture site.
*
Old town of Visoki
The Old town of Visoki ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Stari grad Visoki, Стари град Високи, ) was a medieval royal castle town built during the 14th century on the top of the hill overlooking town of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first ment ...
, fortress above today's Visoko.
* The architectural ensemble of the
Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church may refer to:
* Eastern Orthodox Church
* Oriental Orthodox Churches
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church of New Zealand
* State church of the Roman Empire
* True Orthodox church
See also
* Orthodox (di ...
of
St Procopius of Scythopolis.
* Franciscan monastery of
Saint Bonaventure
Bonaventure ( ; it, Bonaventura ; la, Bonaventura de Balneoregio; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian Catholic Franciscan, bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.
The seventh Minister G ...
.
* The architectural ensemble of the Tabačka (Tabačica) mosque in Visoko.
Šerefudin's White Mosque
Šerefudin's White Mosque ( bs, Šerefudinova Bijela džamija) is a mosque located in Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is of great Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, architectural importance to the city and ...
is of great
architectural
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings o ...
importance to the city and area. The mosque's
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
was
Zlatko Ugljen
Zlatko Ugljen (born 13 September 1929) is a Bosnian architect. He was born in Mostar in 1929. His work includes economic buildings, private housing, memorials, religious buildings, and cultural institutions. A significant part of his oeuvre con ...
. Its most notable award came in 1983, when it received the
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Muslim societies in the field ...
.
Museums
In Visoko there is a homeland museum which exhibits the cultural and historic heritage of the Visoko area, and Bosnia. Most of the exhibits are related to the
medieval Bosnian state, because the Visoko valley was notable political and economical centre for
Bosnian kings
This is a list of rulers of Bosnia, containing bans and kings of Medieval Bosnia.
Duke (1082–1136)
Bans (1136–1377)
Kings and queen (1377–1463)
All Bosnian kings added the honorific Stephen to their baptismal name upon accession.
, ...
. In Goduša there is an extension of the museum where there are antique works of old Goduša's crafts, which are mostly
woodcarving
Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation ...
.
Health
Visoko has a
health centre
A healthcare center, health center, or community health center is one of a network of clinics staffed by a group of general practitioners and nurses providing healthcare services to people in a certain area. Typical services covered are family pr ...
with
polyclinic
A polyclinic (where ''poly'' means "many"; not to be confused with the homonym policlinic, where ''poli'' means "city" and which is sometimes used for a hospital's outpatient department) is a clinic or health care facility that provides both gen ...
which was built in 1953. In 2006 polyclinic was modernized with modern laboratory and computer equipment.
Music
In nearby Mulići there is Sevdah Institute of Omer Pobrić, whose mission is to preserve
Bosniak music, tradition, and
sevdalinka
Sevdalinka (), also known as Sevdah music, is a traditional Musical genre, genre of folk music originating from Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sevdalinka is an integral part of the Bosniak culture, but is also spread across th ...
.
Sport
![Handball_Club_Bosna_from_Visoko_playing_at_their_home_Mladost_hall](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Handball_Club_Bosna_from_Visoko_playing_at_their_home_Mladost_hall.jpg)
Organized sports began to emerge with the opening of confessional and state schools. In 1909, the ''Soko'' society was formed and supported many sports activities. The building of the sports center on 16 June 1934 let developing men and women play volleyball, football, and later
handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the g ...
. Handball club
RK Bosna Visoko
RK Bosna Visoko ('' Bosnian: Rukometni klub Bosna'') is a handball club from Visoko, founded on 9 February 1954. RK Bosna competes in the Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Handball Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
...
has won
Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top handball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The league is operated by the Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is composed of 16 teams. The champion is seeded into the EHF ...
in 1997 and 1999, and
Handball Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Handball Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the national handball cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is organized for men and women and run by the Handball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before 2001/2002 season, there were three separated c ...
in 1998 and 2001. In season 1999–2000 they achieved their best international result, losing 48–44 in Eight-finals of
EHF Cup
The EHF European League is an annual men's handball club competition organised by the European Handball Federation (EHF) since 1981. It is the second-tier competition of European club handball, ranking only below the EHF Champions League. Prev ...
, to eventual champions
RK Metković
Rukometni klub Metković – Mehanika is a men's professional handball club from Metković, Croatia. It is the only club to win a domestic title and the Croatian Cup, except RK Zagreb. Due to economic difficulties the club has not competed in Cr ...
Jumbo.
Football club
NK Bosna Visoko
Nogometni klub Bosna Visoko ( en, Bosna Football Club) is a professional association football club from the city of Visoko that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Currently, Bosna plays in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and H ...
was the winner of the
Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup
The Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kup Bosne i Hercegovine, Куп Босне и Херцеговине) is a knock-out football competition contested annually by clubs from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The winner ...
and the
Supercup of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. In Yugoslavia, the club managed to enter the
Second League in 1963.
Aero club
A flying club or aero club is a not-for-profit, member-run organization that provides its members with affordable access to aircraft.
Many clubs also provide flight training, flight planning facilities, pilot supplies and associated services, as ...
"Izet Kurtalić", formed in 1960, was the most successful team in the country, winning numerous domestic and international events.
From 28 February to 2 March 2008 Visoko's hall ''Mladost'' was host of Group 2 qualifiers for
Futsal Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt, hard court smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It has similarities to five-a-side football and Indoor soccer, indoor football.
Futsal is played between two teams of five players ...
World Cup 2008 in
Brasil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area an ...
.
Notable people
*Adnan Mević, officially the 6 billionth person born, according to the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
*
Ajas-pasha
Ajas Pasha (? - Anatolia, 1486) was a Bosnian sanjak-bey and later pasha in Ottoman service.
Career
He was sanjak-bey of Bosnia, referred to as ''the Lord of the King's land'', from 1470 to 1475, 1477 to 1478 and in 1483, and ruled sanjak-bey ...
, Bosniak Ottoman sanjak-bey
*
Matrakçı Nasuh
Nasuh bin Karagöz bin Abdullah el-Visokavi el-Bosnavî, commonly known as Matrakçı Nasuh (; ) for his competence in the combat sport of ''Matrak'' which was invented by himself, (also known as ''Nasuh el-Silâhî'', ''Nasuh the Swordsman'', ...
, 16th-century Bosniak Ottoman mathematician and miniaturist
*
Mustafa Cerić
Mustafa Cerić (, born 5 February 1952) is a Bosnian imam who served as the Grand Mufti (''Reis-ul-Ulema'') of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is currently president of the World Bosniak Congress. He was also a candidate for a List of Bosniak members ...
, ex-
Grand Mufti
The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman empire and has been later adopted in a num ...
of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993 to 2012)
*
Zaim Muzaferija
Zaim Muzaferija (9 March 1923 – 5 November 2003) was a Bosnian film, television and stage actor, and poet. The magazine ''6yka'' (''Buka'') called Muzaferija a "legend of Bosnian cinema."
Biography
During World War II, Muzaferija was arrested ...
, actor
*
Slaviša Vukićević
Slaviša () is a South Slavic masculine given name, an old Slavic origin given name derived from word "slav" - glory.
This name may refer to:
*Slaviša Čula, Serbian football player
*Slaviša Jokanović, Serbian football player
* Slaviša Dug ...
, football player
*
Haris Mujezinović
Haris Mujezinović (born 21 January 1974) is a Bosnian former professional basketball player. He played at the power forward position.
College career
Mujezinović played high school basketball at Amundsen High School in Chicago, Illinois. After ...
, basketball player
*
Elvedina Muzaferija, alpine skier
*
Enes Begović
Enes Begović (; born 6 June 1965) is a Bosnian singer-songwriter and producer.
Early life
Enes Begović was born on 6 June 1965 in Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. While attending a Visoko high school in 1978, Begović passed an audition as a so ...
, singer-songwriter
*
Ognjen Prica
Ognjen Prica (27 November 1899 – 9 July 1941) was a Yugoslav communist politician and journalist known for his roles in the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia and the League of Communists of Croatia. He was a victim of the Nazi-backed ND ...
(1899–1941),
National Hero
The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labor. It is originally a Soviet-type honor, and is continued by several nations including Belarus, Ru ...
of Yugoslavia and leftist politician spent his childhood in the town (1900–1912)
Twin towns – sister cities
Visoko is
twinned with:
*
Altındağ
Altındağ is a metropolitan district of Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, part of the city of Ankara. According to the 2000 census, the population of the district is 407,101, of which 400,023 live in the urban center of A ...
, Turkey
*
Bjelovar
Bjelovar ( hu, Belovár, german: Bellowar, Kajkavian: ''Belovar'') is a city in central Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Bjelovar-Bilogora County. At the 2021 census, there were 36,433 inhabitants, of whom 93.06% were Croats.
History ...
, Croatia
*
Kartal
Kartal is a district of Istanbul, Turkey, located on the Asian side of the city, on the coast of the Marmara Sea between Maltepe and Pendik.
Despite being far from the city centre, Kartal is heavily populated (total population of 541,209) (2008 ...
, Turkey
See also
*
Old town Visoki
Sources
Strategija razvoja općine Visoko*
*
*
*
*
*
*
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Visoko, Bosnia And Herzegovina
Municipalities of Zenica-Doboj Canton
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
Populated places in Visoko