city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in west-central
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
and the largest city in the historic region of
Podillia
Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central ...
. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as an administrative center of
Vinnytsia Raion
Vinnytsia Raion ( uk, Вінницький район) is one of the 6 raions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Vinnytsia. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the adm ...
, one of the 6 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. It has a population of .
The city's roots date back to the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
annexed it in 1793. During the 1930s and early 1940s the city was the site of massacres, first during
Stalin's
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
purges and then during
the Holocaust in Ukraine
The Holocaust in Ukraine took place in the ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine'', the '' General Government'', the ''Crimean General Government'' and some areas which were located to the East of Reichskommissariat Ukraine (all of those areas were unde ...
and the
Nazi occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 ...
. A
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
The name of Vinnytsia appeared for the first time in 1363. It is assumed that the name is derived from the old Slavic word "
Vino
Vino may refer to:
Computing
* Vino (operating system), an open-source operating system
* Vino (VNC server), a Remote Desktop sharing library for GNOME
Locations
* Vino, California, a former settlement in Fresno County
* Vino, Grosuplje, a ...
", meaning "bride price." This name can be explained by the fact that Vinnytsia and the surrounding land were captured by
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
n Duke Algirdas in the 14th century, and then, they were given as a gift to his nephews.
Geography
Location
Vinnytsia is located about southwest of the Ukrainian capital,
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, north-northwest of the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...
port city of
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
, and east of
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
.
It is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of the
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding
Vinnytsia Raion
Vinnytsia Raion ( uk, Вінницький район) is one of the 6 raions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Vinnytsia. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the adm ...
(
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
) within the oblast. The city itself is directly subordinated to the oblast.
Climate
The town has a warm-summer
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: ''Dfb''), similar to northern
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
in the United States in some respects.
A long lasting warm summer with a sufficient quantity of moisture and a comparatively short winter is characteristic of Vinnytsia. The average temperature in January is and in July. The average annual precipitation is .
Over the course of a year there are around 6–9 days when snowstorms occur, 37–60 days when mists occur during the cold period, and 3–5 days when thunderstorms with hail occur.
History
From Medieval to Early Modern period
Vinnytsia has been an important trade and political center since the fourteenth century, when Fiodor Koriatowicz, the nephew of the
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
Tatar
The Tatars ()Tatar in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different
raiders on the banks of the Southern Bug. The original settlement was built and populated by Aleksander Hrehorovicz Jelec,
hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military co ...
under Lithuanian Prince
Švitrigaila
Švitrigaila (before 1370 – 10 February 1452; sometimes spelled Svidrigiello) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1430 to 1432. He spent most of his life in largely unsuccessful dynastic struggles against his cousins Vytautas and Sigismund K ...
. Aleksander Jelec built the fort, which he commanded as starosta afterwards.
In the 15th century, Lithuanian Grand Duke
Alexander Jagiellon
Alexander Jagiellon ( pl, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, lt, Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jag ...
granted Winnica
Magdeburg city rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
. In 1566, it became part of the
Bracław Voivodeship
The Bracław Voivodeship ( la, Palatinatus Braclaviensis; ; uk, Брацлавське воєводство, ''Braclavśke vojevodstvo'') was a unit of administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Created in 1566 as part of the ...
. Between 1569 and 1793 the town was a part of
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
. Within this period, for a short time between 1672 and 1699, the city was a part of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
(and still part of the historic region of
Podolia
Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central ...
). During Polish rule, Winnica was a Polish
royal city
Royal may refer to:
People
* Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name
* A member of a royal family
Places United States
* Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Royal, Illinois, a village
* Royal, Iowa, a ...
. On 18 March 1783,
Antoni Protazy Potocki
Antoni Protazy Potocki (11 September 1761 – 1801), aka Prot, was a Polish nobleman and an early Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur. He was born to Paula née Szembek coat of arms, Szembek and her second husband, Count Jan Prosper House of Potocki, P ...
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
in 1793 the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
annexed the city and the region. Russia moved to expunge the
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
religion. Catholic churches in the city, including what is now the Transfiguration Cathedral, were converted to
Russian Orthodox
Russian Orthodoxy (russian: Русское православие) is the body of several churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Church Slavonic language. Most ...
churches.
In the
Russian census of 1897
The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897 (Russian alphabet#Letters eliminated in 1917–18, pre-reform Russian: ) was the first and only nation-wide census performed in the Russian Empire (the Grand Duchy of Fi ...
, Vinnytsia had a population of 30,563. It was the third largest city in the
Podolia
Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central ...
Uman
Uman ( uk, Умань, ; pl, Humań; yi, אומאַן) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine, to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the historical region of the eastern Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River ...
.
The
Vinnytsia massacre
The Vinnytsia massacre was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in the Ukrainian town of Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during the Great Purge in 1937–1938, which Nazi Germany discovered during its occupation of Ukr ...
was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in Vinnytsia by the
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
secret police
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
...
during the
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
in 1937–1938.Valery Vasiliev, Yuriy Shapoval, "Stages of «Great Terror»: The Vinnytsia Tragedy", ''
Zerkalo Nedeli
''Dzerkalo Tyzhnia'' ( ua, Дзеркало тижня), usually referred to in English as the ''Mirror Weekly'', was one of Ukraine's most influential analytical weekly-publisher newspapers, founded in 1994.in Russian
Vinnytsia was occupied by German troops on 19 July 1941 during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. While Vinnytsia had a pre-war Jewish population of over 34,000, only 17,000 of these Jews remained, with the rest of them successfully being evacuated to the interior of the Soviet Union beforehand. Virtually all of the Jews who remained in Vinnytsia under Nazi occupation were subsequently murdered in the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
sited his eastern headquarters, ''Führerhauptquartier
Werwolf
''Werwolf'' (, German for "werewolf") was a Nazi plan which began development in 1944, to create a resistance force which would operate behind enemy lines as the Allies advanced through Germany, in parallel with the ''Wehrmacht'' fighting in ...
'' or ''Wehrwolf'', at the Wehrmacht headquarters near the town. The complex was built in 1941–1942 by Russian prisoners of war. Many of them were subsequently killed. Hitler's accommodation consisted of a log cabin built around a private courtyard with its own concrete bunker. The complex included about 20 other log buildings, a power station, gardens, wells, three bunkers, a swimming pool, and wire and defensive positions.
Hitler spent a number of weeks at Wehrwolf in 1942 and early 1943. The few remains of the Wehrwolf site, described in one report as a "pile of concrete" because it was destroyed by the Nazis in 1944, can be visited. Plans to create a full-fledged museum had not come to fruition as of August 2018.
Nazi atrocities were committed in and near Vinnytsia by
Einsatzgruppe C
(, ; also ' task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the im ...
. Estimates of the number of victims often run as high as 28,000. Historian
Oliver Rathkolb
Oliver Rathkolb (born 3 November 1955 in Vienna) is an Austrian historian and professor for contemporary history at the University of Vienna.
Career
Rathkolb studied history and law at the University of Vienna and achieved his doctorate in 1982 ...
states that 35,000 Jews were deported from the Vinnytsia region and most of those later died.
In 1942 a large part of the Jewish quarter of Yerusalimka was destroyed by Germans. One infamous photo, ''
The Last Jew of Vinnytsia
''The Last Jew in Vinnitsa'' is a photograph taken during the Holocaust in Ukraine showing an unknown Jewish man near the town of Vinnitsa (Vinnytsia) about to be shot dead by a member of ''Einsatzgruppe D'', a mobile death squad of the Nazi '' S ...
'', shows a member of the Einsatzgruppe about to execute a Jewish man kneeling before a mass grave. The text ''The Last Jew of Vinnytsia'' was written on the back of the photograph, which was found in a photo album belonging to a German soldier. It was captured by the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
on 20 March 1944.
Soviet era
After the end of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, Vinnytsia was the home for major
Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces ( rus, Военно-воздушные силы, r=Voyenno-vozdushnyye sily, VVS; literally "Military Air Forces") were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces ...
base, including an
airfield
An aerodrome ( Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for pub ...
, a
hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emerge ...
, arsenals, and other military installations. The headquarters of the
43rd Rocket Army
The 43rd Red Banner Rocket Army was an army of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces. It was formed in Vinnytsia from the 43rd Air Army of Long Range Aviation. In 1991, it came under the control of the Commonwealth of Independent States while statio ...
of the
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN RF; russian: Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Фед ...
was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to the early 1990s. The 2nd Independent Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps, which later became 24th Air Army, was stationed in Vinnytsia from 1960 to 1992.
Independent Ukraine
The
Ukrainian Air Force
The Ukrainian Air Force ( uk, Пові́тряні си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни) is the air force of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Its headquarters are in the city of Vinnytsia. W ...
Command has been based in Vinnytsia since 1992. During the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
cruise missile
A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial or naval targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhe ...
s on 25 March 2022.
On 14 July 2022 the center of the city was attacked with three Russian cruise missiles. Missiles hit the local NeuroMed clinic and House of the Officers, which currently used as a concert hall. Due to the strike 23 persons were killed (among them three children), 73 were injured and 18 are missing. The next day Russian Ministry of defense said that the target was a top-ranking Ukrainian military officers and representatives of foreign military industry companies.
Education
There are many educational universities and research institutions in Vinnytsia:
*
Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences
Vinnytsia Institute of Economics and Social Sciences is a part of the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine" (OIUHD Ukraine). Founded in 1999, the Institute has eight departments. Located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
Resources
...
*
Vinnytsia National Medical University. N. I. Pirogov
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya is a medical university located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. It was founded in 1921. Its predecessors were the Vinnytsia Pharmaceutical Institute (1921), the Vinnytsia Branch of the All-Ukrainian ...
*
Vinnytsia National Technical University
The Vinnytsia National Technical University ( uk, link=yes, Вінницький національний технічний університет) or VNTU is a higher education institution in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. It has the fourth level of accre ...
*
Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University
The Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University is a university located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. The university was established in 1912. The staff includes 30 professors along with a further 33 holders of Doctor of Science qualifi ...
, named after
Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky
Mykhailo Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky ( uk, Михайло Михайлович Коцюбинський), (September 17, 1864 – April 25, 1913) was a Ukrainian author whose writings described typical Ukrainian life at the start of the 20th centur ...
;
*
Vinnytsia National Agrarian University
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. Ad ...
*
Vinnytsia European University
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. A ...
*
Vinnytsia Trade and Economics Institute
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the Capital city, administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region o ...
*
Vinnytsia Social Economical Institute
Vinnytsia ( ; uk, Вінниця, ; yi, װיניצע) is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.
It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. Ad ...
*
Donetsk National University
Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University (Vasyl' Stus DonNU) ( uk, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, ''Donets’kyi Natsional’nyi Universytet''; russian: Донецкий на ...
Regional Universal Scientific Library
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
named after
Kliment Timiryazev
Kliment Arkadievich Timiryazev (russian: Климент Аркадьевич Тимирязев, surname sometimes transliterated as Timiriazev; – 28 April 1920) was a Russian Imperial botanist and physiologist and a major proponent of the ...
in Vinnytsia.
Economy
Vinnytsia is an industrial center in Ukraine.
There are the
Roshen
Roshen Confectionery Corporation ( uk, Кондитерська корпорація «Роше́н», Kondyterska korporatsiya "Roshen") is a Ukrainian confectionery manufacturing group. It operates facilities in the Ukrainian cities of Kyiv, ...
confectionery corporation, the Crystal diamond polishing corporation,
RPC Fort
Fort ('' uk, КП НВО "Форт" МВС України'' (full name), ''НВО "Форт"'' (short name)) is a Ukrainian weapons manufacturer from Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
History
In 1991, a new company was formed to design and manufacture small a ...
largest Ukrainian firearms manufacturing corporation, Analog corporation, Mayak corporation, Budmash corporation, Agregat corporation, Pnevmatika corporation, PlasmaTec corporation etc.
Military
The headquarters of the
Ukrainian Air Force
The Ukrainian Air Force ( uk, Пові́тряні си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни) is the air force of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Its headquarters are in the city of Vinnytsia. W ...
is situated in Vinnytsia.
Politics
Vinnytsia is considered the long-time political base for Ukrainian oligarch and former
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Petro Poroshenko
Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko ( uk, Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко, ; born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Poroshenko se ...
. He owns a local
confectionery
Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates. Exact definitions are difficult. In general, however, confectionery is divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categories ...
parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
from the local constituency for several convocations. However, contrary to some speculations, Poroshenko has never lived in the city.
The former Ukrainian
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
Volodymyr Groysman
Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman, sometimes transliterated as Volodymyr Borysovych Hroisman ( uk, Володи́мир Бори́сович Гро́йсман; born 20 January 1978), is a Ukrainian politician who was the Prime Minister of Ukrai ...
is from Vinnytsia.
Parks and squares
Central urban park in Vinnytsia
Park of Culture and Rest named after Maxim Gorky located in Vinnytsia city – between the streets of the Cathedral (center), May Day and Khmelnytsky highway.
The park is 40 hectares.
In the park there are numerous monuments (Gorky at the main entrance, soldiers in Afghanistan, Sich Riflemen, killed police officers), and "Walk illustrious countrymen" are objects of leisure and recreation: a concert hall "Rainbow", a summer theater, stadium, ice club, city planetarium, numerous attractions and gaming machines.
For more than 70 years history of the park has always been a place of celebration as the general public and local/municipal events and holidays. Fine tradition was held in the park folk festivals and holidays is particularly on City Day, Victory Day, Independence Day and more.
Buildings and structures
* Saint Nicholas Church is considered to be the oldest building in the city.
* The Transfiguration Cathedral, built in Vinnytsia in 1758.
* The new Greek Catholic Church at South Bug river.
* Baptist Church – reportedly one of the largest Evangelical Church Buildings in Europe.
*
TV Tower Vinnytsia
The Vinnytsia TV Mast () is a 354-metre, 1161 ft high guyed steel tube mast, used for FM- and TV-transmission, in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. A special feature of its structure are three crossbars arranged in 120 degree angles in two levels, running fro ...
* Vaksman family's real estate, 1915 – Style: Art Nouveau. Address: 24 Chkalov Street. Built by architect Moisey Aaronovitch Vaksman. Architectural landmark.
* Afghan War Museum and War Glory Memorial Park – The Afghan War Museum is located in the red-brick bell tower. Exhibits include photos, letters and other artifacts representing Vinnytsia soldiers who fought in that war. The Memorial Park contains a large statue representing three different soldiers from World War II. An eternal flame burns in front of the statue.
* Multimedia Fountain Roshen – Built in 2011, it is considered one of the largest floating fountains in Europe. It is the major multimedia attraction in the city.
*The Literary and Memorial Museum of the “great sun-lover”, classical author of Ukrainian literature M.M.Kotsyubynsky, is very popular among local inhabitants and guests; it is also a place of development for creative youth. In the city, numerous historical buildings are being repaired and new ones are being built.
*The national Pirogov's estate museum
File:Vinnytsia, Soborna St 02.jpg, St. Cathedral
File:Vinnytsia Kozytskoho 36 SAM 0054.JPG, Savoy Hotel
File:Монастир Капуцинів, Вінниця, вул. Соборна, 12—14.JPG, Capuchin monastery
File:Вінниця - Готель "Франціія". Вул. Соборна, 34 P1090188.JPG, Hotel France
File:Винницкая мэрия.JPG, City hall
Transport
Air
Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport
Vinnytsia International Airport ( uk, Міжнародний Аеропорт «Вінниця» (Гавришівка)) was an airport located near the village of Havryshivka, serving the city of Vinnytsia in the Vinnytsia region of Ukraine. ...
ICAO
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...
: UKWW) is situated near Vinnytsia.
Railway
There is a railway station in Vinnytsia, which is a part of 'South-Western Railway'. In 2013 it was named among 10 biggest railway stations in Ukraine. The current Vinnytsia railway station was built in 1952 and is the 4th railway building in Vinnytsia. The previous three were destroyed.
Vinnytsia is an important transport hub for internal and external railway connections. Most of the international trains which cross through Ukraine have a stop in Vinnytsia. For example, trains from Moscow and Saint Petersburg (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Sofia (Bulgaria), Chisinau (Moldova), Bratislava (Slovakia), Belgrade (Serbia), Budapest (Hungary) transit through Vinnytsia. For internal railway connections, Vinnytsia is also an important transport point for trains heading to Western Ukraine (Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Chernivtsi), the South (Odessa), as well as to Central Ukraine (Kyiv).
Tram
The tram is the most popular public transport in Vinnytsia. There are six tram routes in Vinnytsia:
Many trams in Vinnytsia are donations from the ''
Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich
Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ) is a public transport operator in the Swiss city of Zürich, and is wholly owned by the city. Previously known as the Städtische Strassenbahn Zürich (StStZ), the organisation was founded in 1896 and adopted its cu ...
'' (VBZ), the public transport operator of
Zürich
Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...
, Switzerland. In the early 2000s, the VBZ donated its 1960s ''Karpfen'' and ''Mirage'' rolling stock to Vinnytsia, and they will do so again in 2022 with 35 ''
Tram 2000
The Tram 2000 is a type of tram vehicle that was originally designed for the Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ), the municipal transport operator of the Swiss city of Zürich, and first introduced in 1976. Other variants of the type were subsequently ...
'' vehicles. The Swiss trams retain their blue and white liveries in Vinnytsian service.
Bus
There are the central bus station and the Western bus station in Vinnytsia.
Notable people
*
Nathan Altman
Nathan Isaiovych Altman ( Ukrainian: , transliterated: ''Natan Isaiovych Altman''; – December 12, 1970) was a Russian, Soviet and Ukrainian artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator.
Early life
He was born in Vinnytsia, i ...
(1889–1970) a Russian and Soviet avant-garde artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator.
*
Larysa Artiugina
Larysa Mykhailivna Artyugina (born 23 May 1971) is a Ukrainian documentary film director and activist. She is a member of the Union of Cinematographers of Ukraine, the Union of Theater Actors of Ukraine, the creative association Babylon'13 and the ...
(born 1971) a Ukrainian documentary film director and activist
*
Sam Born
Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959) was an American Businessperson, businessman, Candy making, candy maker and inventor.
Biography
Born to a History of the Jews in Russia, Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Vinnitsia, Russian Empire (now Vi ...
(1891–1959) an American businessman, candy maker and inventor.
*
Matvei Petrovich Bronstein
Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (russian: Матве́й Петро́вич Бронште́йн, , Vinnytsia – February 18, 1938) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity, author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, q ...
(1906–1938) a theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity
* Valeriy Chaly (born 1970) diplomat; Ambassador of Ukraine to the USA from 2015–2019
*
Todros Geller
Todros Geller (Yiddish: טודרוס געלער; July 1, 1889 – February, 23 1949) was a Jewish American artist and teacher best known as a master printmaker and a leading artist among Chicago's art community.
Early life and education
Gel ...
(1889–1949) a Jewish American artist, teacher and master printmaker
*
Volodymyr Groysman
Volodymyr Borysovych Groysman, sometimes transliterated as Volodymyr Borysovych Hroisman ( uk, Володи́мир Бори́сович Гро́йсман; born 20 January 1978), is a Ukrainian politician who was the Prime Minister of Ukrai ...
(born 1978) politician,
Prime Minister of Ukraine
The prime minister of Ukraine ( uk, Прем'єр-міністр України, ) is the head of government of Ukraine. The prime minister presides over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of th ...
2016-2019
*
Victoria Koblenko
Victoria Koblenko ( uk, Вікторія Кобленко, russian: Виктория Кобленко; born 19 December 1980, in Vinnitsa, Ukrainian SSR) is a Dutch actress, presenter and columnist of Ukrainian descent.
Early life and education ...
(born 1980) Dutch actress, presenter and columnist
*
Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky
Mykhailo Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky ( uk, Михайло Михайлович Коцюбинський), (September 17, 1864 – April 25, 1913) was a Ukrainian author whose writings described typical Ukrainian life at the start of the 20th centur ...
(1864–1913) author of novels and short stories. His home is a museum.
*
Volodymyr Kozhukhar
Volodymyr Markovych Kozhukhar (; 16 March 1941 – 3 December 2022) was a Soviet and Ukrainian conductor and academic teacher who focused on opera. Most notably, he conducted and taught in Kyiv and Moscow, among other places.
His first post w ...
(1941–2022) conductor and academic teacher
*
Mykola Leontovych
Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych (23 January 1921; ua, Микола Дмитрович Леонтович, link=no (); also Leontovich) was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian c ...
Alexander Lerner
Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner (russian: Александр Яковлевич Лернер; 7 September 1913, Vinnytsia, Russian Empire – 6 April 2004, Rehovot, Israel) was a scientist and Soviet refusenik.
He was born to a Jewish family in Vinn ...
(1913–2004) Soviet-Israeli
cyberneticist
A cyberneticist or a cybernetician is a person who practices cybernetics.
Heinz von Foerster once told Stuart Umpleby that Norbert Wiener preferred the term "cybernetician" rather than "cyberneticist", perhaps because Wiener was a mathematician ...
and
dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th ...
*
Yuri Levada
Yuri Alexandrovich Levada (russian: Ю́рий Алекса́ндрович Лева́да; 24 April 1930 in Vinnytsia – 16 November 2006 in Moscow) was a well known Russian sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the Levada Cent ...
(1930–2006) sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the
Levada Center
The Levada Center is a Russian independent, nongovernmental polling and sociological research organization. It is named after its founder, the first Russian professor of sociology Yuri Levada (1930–2006). The center traces back its history to 1 ...
*
Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky
Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky ( yi, יצחק יואל לינעצקי, 1839–1915) was a Yiddish language author and early Zionist. Sol Liptzin characterized him as "a master of the picturesque vitriolic phrase." iptzin, 1972, 46 Life
He was raise ...
(1839–1915) a Yiddish language author and early Zionist.
*
Anatoly Lysenko
Anatoly Grigorievich Lysenko (russian: link=no, Анатолий Григорьевич Лысенко; 14 April 1937 – 20 June 2021) was a Soviet and Russian television figure, journalist, director, producer. Honored Artist of Russia, laureat ...
(1937–2021) a Soviet and Russian TV figure, journalist, director and producer.
*
Marina
A marina (from Spanish , Portuguese and Italian : ''marina'', "coast" or "shore") is a dock or basin with moorings and supplies for yachts and small boats.
A marina differs from a port in that a marina does not handle large passenger ships o ...
(born 1989) Polish singer of Ukrainian origin
*
Jerzy Niezbrzycki Jerzy Niezbrzycki ( Ryszard Wraga) was a captain of the Polish Army, an officer of the Polish intelligence service, whose main field of interest was the Soviet Union. He also was the director of the Department "East" of the Second Bureau of the Head ...
(1902–1968) captain of the Polish Army
*
Illia Nyzhnyk
Illia Ihorovych Nyzhnyk ( uk, Ілля Ігорович Нижник; born September 27, 1996) is a Ukrainian chess Grandmaster (chess), grandmaster (2011).
Chess career
He was born in Vinnytsia (Ukraine) and gained worldwide attention when he ...
Alla Pavlova
Alla Pavlova (Russian: ''Алла Павлова'', born July 13, 1952 in Ukraine) is a Russian composer, born and initially raised in Vinnitsa in Ukraine. She and her family moved to Moscow in 1961, and she then moved to Brooklyn, New York (state) ...
(b. 1952), composer
*
Nikolay Pirogov
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Пирого́в; — ) was a Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847), one of the ...
(1810–1881) originally from Moscow, an Imperial Russian doctor, founder of
field surgery
Battlefield medicine, also called field surgery and later combat casualty care, is the treatment of wounded combatants and non-combatants in or near an area of combat. Civilian medicine has been greatly advanced by procedures that were first ...
, spent his later years in Vinnytsia; his home is a museum.
*
Olya Polyakova
Olha Yuriivna Polyakova ( uk, Ольга Юріївна Полякова; born 17 January 1979) is a Ukrainian singer, TV presenter, and comedian known as ''Super Blonde''.
Career
At 15, she began her singing career at Bakhus (Bacchus) restauran ...
(born 1979) a Ukrainian singer, TV presenter and comedian
*
Maksym Shapoval
Maksym Mykhaylovych Shapoval (; 6 July 1978 – 27 June 2017) was a senior officer (Colonel) in the Ukrainian military and head of the special forces of the Chief Intelligence Directorate.
Col. Shapoval had only recently returned from the conf ...
Vladyslav Skalsky
Vladyslav Volodymyrovych Skalsky ( ua, Владислав Володимирович Скальський; born 18 January 1976) is a Ukrainian civil servant and politician. Skalsky was Governor of Vinnytsia Oblast from September 2019 until Ju ...
(born 1976) a Ukrainian civil servant and politician.
*
Olga Storozhenko
Olga Storozhenko (born 14 April 1992) is a Ukrainian actress, model, teacher and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Ukraine Universe 2013. Olga later represented Ukraine at Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia.
Early life
Olga Storozhenk ...
(born 1992)
Miss Ukraine Universe
Miss Ukraine Universe (or Miss Universe Ukraine / uk, Міс Україна — Всесвіт) is one of the biggest beauty pageants in Ukraine. The winner represents Ukraine at the most prestigious international beauty contest "Miss Universe" ...
2013 & Top 10
Miss Universe 2013
Miss Universe 2013 was the 62nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Crocus City Hall in Krasnogorsk, Moscow, Russia on November 9, 2013.
At the end of the event, Olivia Culpo of the United States crowned Gabriela Isler of Venezuela as Miss Uni ...
*
Mykola Tochytskyi
Mykola Stanislavovych Tochytskyi (Ukrainian: Микола Станіславович Точицький; born on 22 September 1967), is a Ukrainian diplomat and politician who is currently the deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2021.
He ...
(born 1967) diplomat, politician and deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
*
Leonid Isaakovich Vail
Leonid Isaakovich Vail (12 May 1883 – 23 January 1945) was a painter and art theorist from the Russian Empire. He was born in Vinnytsia, in the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire, to a family of Russian-Jewish Traders. Vail spent his c ...
(1883–1945) a Russian Painter and art theorist.
*
Inna Abramovna Zhvanetskaia
Composer Inna Abramovna Zhvanetskaya was born in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, on 20 January 1937 or 20 January 1939. She studied composition under Nikolay Peyko at the Gnessin School where she graduated in 1964. She taught piano and in 1965 became a ...
(born 1937) composer, piano teacher and lecturer
Sport
* Serhiy Cherniavskiy (born 1976) a cyclist; silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
* Sergey Fedorchuk (born 1981) a Ukrainian Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster chess player.
* Pavlo Khnykin (born 1969) freestyle swimmer, team silver medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
* Sergei Polyakov (born 1968) a Russian sport shooter, silver medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Vinnytsia is Twin towns and sister cities, twinned with:
Gallery
File:Винница. Областная Рада..JPG, Vinnytsia regional council
File:Україна Вінниця, Українська греко-католицька церква (4).jpg, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
File:Vinnitsa Dominician costel 1758.jpg, The Transfiguration Cathedral in Vinnytsia (1758)
File:Vinnytsia-baptist-church.jpg, Baptists, Baptist church.
File:Vinnytsia Glory Memorial and eternal fire in Kozitsky Park-LF.jpg, Glory Memorial and Eternal flame
File:Pushkin street Vinnytsya new.jpg, Art Nouveau building, built by architect V.P. Listovichiy
File:Вінниця, Медуніверситет (Головний корпус), вул. Пирогова 56.jpg, Medical University in Vinnytsia
File:Vinnickiy teatr.jpg, State academic theater
File:Water tower (belfry).jpg, Vinnytsia water tower
File:Садиба Пирогова!.JPG, Mansion-museum of
Nikolay Pirogov
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Пирого́в; — ) was a Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847), one of the ...
File:База вінницької Ниви.JPG, Home stadium of PFC Nyva Vinnytsia
File:Vinnytsia-memorial.jpg, Monuments to the victims of the terror of 1937-1938
File:Вінниця, Миколаївська церква.jpg, Nicholas church, 1746
See also
* FC Nyva Vinnytsia
* TIK (band), TIK
*
Vinnytsia massacre
The Vinnytsia massacre was the mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in the Ukrainian town of Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during the Great Purge in 1937–1938, which Nazi Germany discovered during its occupation of Ukr ...
* Vinnytsia tram
* Werwolf (Wehrmacht HQ) – the codename used for one of Adolf Hitler's World War II Eastern Front military headquarters. It was one of the most easterly ever used by Hitler in person.
Notes
References
External links
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{{Authority control
Vinnytsia,
Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast
Oblast centers in Ukraine
Populated places on the Southern Bug
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
14th-century establishments in Ukraine
1363 establishments in Europe
Populated places established in the 1360s
Bratslav Voivodeship
Cossack Hetmanate
Vinnitsky Uyezd
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Articles containing video clips
Ukrainian Air Force
Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust