During the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
of 1917-1923, a number of former
Tsarist
Tsarist autocracy (russian: царское самодержавие, transcr. ''tsarskoye samoderzhaviye''), also called Tsarism, was a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states ...
officers joined the
Red Army, either voluntarily or as a result of coercion. This list includes officers of the
Imperial Russian Army commissioned before 1917 who joined the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
as commanders or as
military specialist
The military history of the Soviet Union began in the days following the 1917 October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power. In 1918 the new government formed the Red Army, which then defeated its various internal enemies in the Russian ...
s. For former Tsarist
NCOs promoted under the
Soviets, see
Mustang
The mustang is a free-roaming horse of the Western United States, descended from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. Mustangs are often referred to as wild horses, but because they are descended from once-domesticated animals, the ...
.
Overview
Following the
Russian Revolution in 1917, the ruling communist
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, in the fashion of most traditional
Marxists
Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectic ...
, hoped to disband the standing
Imperial Russian Army of the deposed
Tsardom and replace it with a militia system. The outbreak of
civil war
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policie ...
led them to opt for a regular military in 1918 and they created the
Red Army to oppose the anti-revolutionary
White movement. The pre-existing army had a 250,000-strong officer corps. Of these, 75,000 were inducted into the Red Army, most of them being drafted and many not supportive of the Bolsheviks' political agenda. However, a large number joined out of a desire to maintain Russian territorial integrity (they believed that only the Bolsheviks could govern effectively) and to curb foreign influence in the country (the White leadership had promised foreign governments special privileges under their rule in exchange for support). As such, the overwhelming majority of the officers in the Red Army had formerly served in the Imperial military, much to the chagrin of Bolshevik leaders who were anxious to assert their authority over the armed forces. They were forced to rely on the ex-Tsarist officers, dubbed "military specialists", due to a deficit of trained commanders among the revolutionaries. Throughout the war the Red Army's command staff, the
Stavka
The ''Stavka'' (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine.
In Imperial Russia ''Stavka'' referred to the administrative staff ...
, was dominated by Tsarist officers. In spite of his colleagues' wariness,
Vladimir Lenin praised them for their contributions to the Bolshevik war effort:
"You have heard about the series of the brilliant victories won by the Red Army. There are tens of thousands of old colonels and other officers in its ranks. If we had not taken them into service and them work for us, we could not have created the Army...only with their help was the Red Army able to win the victories that it did."
Immediately following the conflict the former Tsarists made up the majority of the General Staff Academy's faculty and constituted over 90 percent of all instructional and administrative staff at military schools. The
Stavka
The ''Stavka'' (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine.
In Imperial Russia ''Stavka'' referred to the administrative staff ...
was organised in a manner very similar to its Tsarist predecessor, and much of the military curriculum was copied from the Imperial General Staff Academy.
The Bolsheviks reformed the Red Army in the mid-1920s. In an attempt to reduce the reliance on the mistrusted ex-Tsarists they reduced the officer corps and educated new cadets.
Leon Trotsky's removal from the Commissariat of Defence was in part driven by his perceived over-reliance on Tsarist officers. His replacement,
Mikhail Frunze, further decreased their number in army. By 1930, ex-Tsarists made up only about 10 percent of the officer corps.
Flag officers
*
Vasili Altfater
Vasili Mikhailovich Altfater () (16 December 1883 – April 20, 1919) was a Russian-Soviet naval officer, the first Commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy.
Altfater was born in Warsaw the son of an artillery officer, General Mikhail Altfat ...
-
Rear Admiral
Rear admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to a major general and air vice marshal and above that of a commodore and captain, but below that of a vice admiral. It is regarded as a two star "admiral" rank. It is often regard ...
in the
Imperial Navy, joined the Bolsheviks from the beginning of the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
, became first
Commander-in-Chief of the
Soviet Navy.
*
Leonid Artamonov
Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov (russian: Леони́д Константи́нович Артамо́нов; 25 February 1859 – 1 January 1932) was a Russian military engineer, adviser and general, geographer and traveler, explorer of Africa, ...
- General, military engineer and explorer of
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
. In 1897-98 he was military adviser to Emperor
Menelik II of Ethiopia
, spoken = ; ''djānhoi'', lit. ''"O steemedroyal"''
, alternative = ; ''getochu'', lit. ''"Our master"'' (pl.)
Menelik II ( gez, ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ; horse name Abba Dagnew (Amharic: አባ ዳኘው ''abba daññäw''); 17 A ...
. From 1911 until 1914 he was the commander of the
First Russian Army Corps, relieved of his duties after the
Battle of Tannenberg
The Battle of Tannenberg, also known as the Second Battle of Tannenberg, was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Ru ...
. After 1917, he continued his scientific, engineering and military activity for the Soviet government. In 1927, he was the expert of the
Moscow city government. The state gave him an honorable pension. He preferred to live in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, there he died in 1932.
*
Andrejs Auzāns
Andrejs Auzāns (1871–1953) was a Latvian general and topographer.
Auzāns was a major general in the Imperial Russian Army, best known for being the commander of the 7th Bauska Rifleman Regiment and the 2nd Rifleman Brigade. He also served a ...
- The highest-ranking
Latvian officer of the Imperial Army,
Major General and commander of the
Latvian Riflemen during the legendary
Christmas Battles
The Christmas Battles ( lv, Ziemassvētku kaujas; german: Aa-Schlachten; russian: Митавская операция) were offensive operations of the Russian army and Latvian units during World War I in the area of Jelgava, Latvia, by the ...
of 1916. In 1917 he became Chief of the Russian General Staff Topographical Section and he kept this position in the
Red Army until 1920. Auzāns returned to
Latvia in 1923 and served as a
General in the
Latvian Army
The Latvian Land Forces ( lv, Sauszemes spēki, SzS) together with the Latvian National Guard form the land warfare branch of the Latvian National Armed Forces. Since 2007, land forces are organized as a fully professional standing army.
Mission ...
. After the
occupation of Latvia in 1940 he did not collaborate with the
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Naz ...
or the
Soviets. In 1944 he was allowed to emigrate and he died in
Stockport
Stockport is a town and borough in Greater Manchester, England, south-east of Manchester, south-west of Ashton-under-Lyne and north of Macclesfield. The River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey here.
Most of the town is withi ...
,
England in 1953.
*
Dmitry Bagration - A descendant of the
Georgian royal family
The Bagrationi dynasty (; ) is a royal dynasty which reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, the name of the dynasty is som ...
and of Prince
Pyotr Bagration. During World War I, he was appointed commander of the 1st Brigade of the
Savage Division in 1914. He was twice an acting commander of the division and became a lieutenant-general in 1916. After the fall of the Russian monarchy in the February Revolution, Bagration played a role in the
Kornilov affair in August 1917, in which he stepped back from supporting General
Aleksandr Krymov's planned march against the Russian Provisional Government in Petrograd. Under the Soviet regime, he joined the Red Army in December 1918. In 1919, he directed the High Cavalry School and took part in organizing cavalry units of the Red Army. He died the same year and was buried at the
Alexander Nevsky Lavra
Saint Alexander Nevsky Lavra or Saint Alexander Nevsky Monastery was founded by Peter I of Russia in 1710 at the eastern end of the Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg, in the belief that this was the site of the Neva Battle in 1240 when Alex ...
.
*
Aleksei Baiov
Aleksei Baiov (February 8, 1871 – May 8, 1935) was an Imperial Russian division, corps and army commander. He was born in present-day Ukraine. He was made a Poruchik in 1894, a Stabskapitän in 1896, a Podpolkovnik (lieutenant colonel) in 1900, ...
- Major-general from 1911. He joined the Red Army in the first two years of the Revolution, then defected to the Whites, and after 1920 he served in the
Estonian Army.
*
Pyotr Baluyev - General in the
Imperial Russian Army, commanding the
Southwestern Front from 24 July 1917 to 31 July 1917. He became an inspector and an instructor in the Red Army under Bolshevik command after the Russian Revolution of 1917.
*
Vasily Boldyrev
Vasily Georgievich Boldyrev (russian: Василий Георгиевич Болдырев; – 20 August 1933) was an Imperial Russian army commander.
He was born in Samara Governorate and fought in the war against the Empire of Japan. He part ...
- Lieutenant-General, veteran of the
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
, in World War I he commanded the
5th Army. He first joined
Kolchak Kolchak, Kolçak or Kolčák is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iliash Kolchak ("Kolchak-Pasha") ( fl. before 1710–1743), Moldavian mercenary and military commander
* Alexander Kolchak (1873–1920), Russian naval commander ...
's army and government in the Far East and stayed in Vladivostok, and after the capture of the city by the Red Army on 5 November 1922 he was arrested. In prison, he declared his willingness to serve the Soviet government. In the summer of 1923 he was released. After that, he became a teacher and a research assistant at the West-Siberian Institute of Industrial Economic Research.
*
Aleksei Brusilov
Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov ( rus, Алексе́й Алексе́евич Бруси́лов, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ brʊˈsʲiɫəf; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian and later Soviet general most noted for the developme ...
- Led Russian cavalry during
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
, and launched the successful
Brusilov Offensive of 1916. Joined the Red Army in 1920 and died in 1926.
**Brusilov's son, a cavalry lieutenant, joined the Red Army in 1917, but was killed by
White Army
The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогв� ...
counterrevolutionaries early in Russia's civil war.
*
Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich - Promoted to Major General in
Imperial Russian army August 1917. Lieutenant general in the Red Army 1944–45.
*
Nikolai Danilov
Nikolai Danilov (April 25, 1867 – May 1934) was an Imperial Russian corps and army commander. He was promoted to Podpolkovnik (lieutenant colonel) in 1898, Polkovnik (colonel) in 1902, major general in 1908 and lieutenant general in 1911. After ...
-
Lieutenant-general
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...
in 1911, corps and army commander in World War I. After the October Revolution, he entered the service of the Soviet Red Army.
*
Yuri Danilov - General in charge of the
Military Intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions. This aim is achieved by providing an assessment of data from ...
section of the Imperial Army and Quartermaster-General at the
Stavka
The ''Stavka'' (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine.
In Imperial Russia ''Stavka'' referred to the administrative staff ...
in World War I. In early 1918 he joined the Red Army and took part in the negotiations for the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers ( Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russi ...
, but later that year he defected to the
Whites and after the end of the Civil War he emigrated to
Paris, France
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, where he remained until his death on 3 November 1937.
*
Nikolai Fedorovich Drozdov - Major General in Tsarist army 1910–18. Red Army commander 1918–53, promoted to
Colonel-General
Colonel general is a three- or four-star military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and was a r ...
of artillery 1944.
*
Konstantin Lukich Gilchevsky - General, veteran of the
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)
The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...
, the Russo-Japanese War, and commander of the
11th Army Corps in World War I. After the October Revolution he settled in
Tbilisi, and after the
Soviet invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (15 February17 March 1921), also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992). ''Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921'', pp. 182, 361� ...
he served in the Red Army in 1921–22.
*
Aleksei Gutor
Aleksei Yevgenievich Gutor (30 August 1868 – 13 August 1938) was a Russian lieutenant-general and Front commander during the First World War.
Born in Voronezh in a noble family, Gutor joined the Imperial Army. During the First World War Gutor ...
- Lieutenant-general (1914) of
noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Gr ...
origin, he was distinguished in the Brusilov offensive in 1916. Shortly before the Bolshevik Revolution he was commander of the
Southwestern Front. He voluntarily placed himself at the disposal of the Red Army in 1918. A military specialist during the Civil War, he became a Professor of Strategy and Tactics at the Military Academy of the Red Army afterwards.
*
Yevgeni Iskritsky
Yevgeni Andreyevich Iskritsky (August 15, 1874 – July 27, 1949) was a Russian Empire and Soviet military commander, author, teacher, a hero of the First World War, lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian army, who fell in with the winning ...
- Long-serving General of the Imperial Army, commanded many armies and fronts during World War I and decorated multiple times for bravery. After joining the Red Army, he took command of the
7th Army amongst other commands in the Civil War. He died in 1949, having earned 10 medals (Imperial and Soviet).
*
Fyodor Kostyayev - Major-General, chief of staff of
1st Siberian Army Corps
The 1st Siberian Army Corps was an elite unit of the Imperial Russian Army. It was raised in May 1900 and disbanded in August 1918.
History
The 1st Siberian Army Corps was raised in May 1900 under the command of Lieutenant General Nikolai Linevic ...
in 1917, after the revolution chief of staff of the
Revolutionary Military Council of the Soviet Republic, teacher of tactics in the
Frunze Military Academy until his death.
*
Pyotr Kitkin
Pyotr Pavlovich Kitkin () (12 June 1877 – 18 September 1954) was a Russian military commander in the First and Second World Wars, being promoted twice to Rear Admiral, once by the Imperial Russian Navy on 28 July 1917, and once by the Sovie ...
- Admiral in Tsarist Navy 1916–18. Oversaw research on
mine clearing
Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing land mines from an area. In military operations, the object is to rapidly clear a path through a minefield, and this is often done with devices such as mine plows and blast waves. By contra ...
for
Soviet Navy during Great Patriotic War.
*
Vladislav Klembovsky
Vladislav Napoleonovich (Vladimir Nikolayevich) Klembovsky (russian: Владислав Наполеонович (Владимир Николаевич) Клембовский; 28 June 1860 in Moscow Governorate – 19 July 1921) was a Russia ...
- The penultimate
Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Russian Army. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in 1918.
*
Pavel Pavlovich Lebedev - Major General since 1915. Refused to join White Army, and was appointed chief of staff by
Lenin.
*
Alexander Litvinov
Alexander Ivanovich Litvinov (russian: Александр Иванович Литвинов; 22 August 1853 – 1932) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army.
Biography
Litvinov was educated in the 1st Moscow military school and entered militar ...
-
General of the cavalry General of the Cavalry (german: General der Kavallerie) was a General officer rank in the cavalry in various states of which the modern states of German and Austria are successors or in other armies which used the German model. Artillery officers ...
, veteran of the
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European his ...
and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). Commander of the
1st Army in World War I, he was dismissed from the service with uniform and pension in 1917. From 1918 he served in the Red Army.
*
Samad bey Mehmandarov -
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijanis
* Azerbaijani language
See also
* Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
* Azeri (disambiguation)
* Azerbaijani cuisine
* Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan ...
General of the Artillery General of the Artillery is/was a general officer of artillery, and may be:
*General of the Artillery (Germany) and Austria-Hungary
*General of the Artillery (Imperial Russia)
* General of the Artillery (Poland)
*Feldzeugmeister (OF-8) of the Austri ...
in the Russian Imperial Army, served in the
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, the Boxer Insurrection, or the Yihetuan Movement, was an anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by ...
in
China, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, commanding the elite
21st Infantry Division. He was decorated with the
Order of Saint George
The Order of Saint George (russian: Орден Святого Георгия, Orden Svyatogo Georgiya) is the highest military decoration of the Russian Federation. Originally established on 26 November 1769 Julian (7 December 1769 Gregorian) ...
of III degree for the battles of 27–29 September 1914, and
Saint George Sword
The Gold Sword for Bravery (russian: Золотое оружие "За храбрость") was a Russian award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished ...
decorated with diamonds for the battle near
Ivangorod
Ivangorod ( rus, Иванго́род, p=ɪvɐnˈɡorət; et, Jaanilinn; vot, Jaanilidna) is a town in Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the east bank of the Narva river which flows along the Estonia– Russia in ...
on 14 February 1915. The latter was a very rare military award, only eight Russian commanders received it during the entire course of the World War I. From 1918 to 1920 he was the last Minister of Defense of independent
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
. After the
Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan
The Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, also known as the Sovietization or Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan, was a military campaign carried out by the 11th Army of Soviet Russia in April 1920 to install a new Soviet government in the Azerbaijan Democ ...
he taught in military schools and was an advisor to the Commissariat of Military and Naval Forces of the
Azerbaijan SSR
Azerbaijan ( az, Азәрбајҹан, Azərbaycan, italics=no), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; az, Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist R ...
until his retirement in 1928.
*
Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny
Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny (russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Надёжный; , Nizhny Novgorod - 22 February 1945, Moscow) was a commander in the Russian Imperial Army who later joined the Red Army. He rose to lieutenant general ...
-
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
veteran, promoted to Major general in 1915. Served in the
Red Army during
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
and as an instructor in the early years of the
Great Patriotic War.
*
Alexander Nemits - Promoted to rear admiral three months before the Revolution. Commander in chief of Red Fleet since 1921, and head of naval academy during World War II.
*
Vasily Fedorovich Novitsky
Vasily Fedorovich Novitsky ( rus, Василий Фёдорович Новицкий, - 15 January 1929) was a Russian general with a liberal, progressive viewpoint during the 19th century of Imperial Russia. During the Russian Revolution, in 19 ...
- A tsarist general noted for his liberal and progressive views already from the late 19th century. Commander of the
Kiev gendarmes
Wrong info! -->
A gendarmerie () is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to "men-at-arms" (literally, " ...
in the 1900s. During World War 1, Novitsky was part of the
Northern Front, responsible for fighting the
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in W ...
from
Riga in the north down to northern
Belarus. When the Russian Revolution destroyed Imperial Russia, Novintsky came to accept the new social and political change. In Soviet history, he is credited by historians with having made "a notable contribution to the rise and evolution of Soviet military art." His brother Fedor Fedorovich (1870-1944) was also a
Tsarist
Tsarist autocracy (russian: царское самодержавие, transcr. ''tsarskoye samoderzhaviye''), also called Tsarism, was a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states ...
and
Red Army general.
*
Fyodor Ogorodnikov - Lieutenant-General in the Tsarist Army. He commanded successively the
26th Infantry Division, the
17th Army Corps and the
Southwestern Front, where he succeeded
Anton Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
. After joining the Red Army, he was head of department at the Military Transport Academy and Professor at the
Frunze Military Academy. Author of books on history and tactics. He died in Moscow in 1939. He was buried in the
Novodevichy Cemetery.
*
Dmitri Parsky
Dmitri Pavlovich Parsky (russian: Дми́трий Па́влович Па́рский) ( in Tula – 20 December 1921) was a Russian general of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I, who fought on the Eastern Front.
In 1893 he attended ...
- The first Tsarist general to join the Bolsheviks, commanded Northern Front during Russian Civil War.
*
Alexei Polivanov
Alexei Andreyevich Polivanov (russian: Алексей Андреевич Поливанов) (March 16, 1855 – September 25, 1920) was a Russian military figure, infantry general (1915). He served as Russia's Minister of War from June ...
- Infantry general (1915). He served as Russia's Minister of War from June 1915 until his
Tsarina Alexandra forced his removal from office in March 1916. Following the Russian Revolution, Polivanov joined the Red Army in February 1920, participating in the
Soviet-Polish peace talks in
Riga later that year but died of
typhus during the talks.
*
Nikolay Potapov
Nikolay Mikhailovich Potapov (russian: Николай Михайлович Потапов) (born March 2, 1871 in Moscow - died 1946, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet military commander and served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Arm ...
- Major General during World War I, one of the first generals to join the Bolsheviks, became the first Chief of Staff in the Red Army in 1918.
*
Nikolay Rattel
Nikolai Iosifovich Rattel (russian: Никола́й Ио́сифович Ра́ттэль; December 3, 1875 – March 3, 1939) was a Russian general, Soviet military leader, a participant in the Russian-Japanese war, First World War and Russian C ...
- Major General during World War I, veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, Chief of Staff of the Red Army 1919–1921. Executed on Stalin's orders in 1939.
*
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Razvozov
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Razvozov (; 1879–1920) was a Russian and Soviet admiral. He was the first commander of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.
Biography
Razvozov was born into a naval family in Reval, Estonia. He graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps i ...
- Imperial
Rear Admiral
Rear admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to a major general and air vice marshal and above that of a commodore and captain, but below that of a vice admiral. It is regarded as a two star "admiral" rank. It is often regard ...
and Commander of the
Baltic Fleet
, image = Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg
, image_size = 150
, caption = Baltic Fleet Great ensign
, dates = 18 May 1703 – present
, country =
, allegiance = (1703–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1922) (1922–1991)(1991–present)
...
in the summer of 1917. He was dismissed from service in late 1917 and then re-instated and finally dismissed and arrested in March 1918. Razvozov was soon released and worked in the naval archive during the remainder of 1918 and 1919. He was arrested by the
Cheka
The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission ( rus, Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия, r=Vserossiyskaya chrezvychaynaya komissiya, p=fsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskəjə tɕrʲɪzvɨˈtɕæjnəjə kɐˈmʲisʲɪjə), abbreviated ...
in September 1919 on suspicion of conspiracy with the
White Russian forces of General
Nikolai Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich ( – 5 October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.
Biography
Early life
Yude ...
. He was imprisoned in the
Kresty Prison
Kresty (russian: Кресты, literally ''Crosses'') prison, officially Investigative Isolator No. 1 of the Administration of the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments for the city of Saint Petersburg (Следственный изо� ...
and died of infection following an
appendectomy
An appendectomy, also termed appendicectomy, is a surgical operation in which the vermiform appendix (a portion of the intestine) is removed. Appendectomy is normally performed as an urgent or emergency procedure to treat complicated acute append ...
. He is buried in the
Smolensky Cemetery in
Saint Petersburg.
*
Alexander Samoylo
Alexander Alexandrovich Samoylo (russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Само́йло; October 23 (November 4) 1869 – November 8, 1963) was a commander in the Imperial Russian Army and Red Army during World ...
- Major General of General Staff in Tsarist Army 1916–17. Lieutenant general of aviation in Red Army 1940–45.
*
Vladimir Selivachyov Vladimir Ivanovich Selivachyov (; 14 June 1868 – 17 September 1919) was a lieutenant general of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I who became a commander of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War.
Biography
He belonged to the nobility ...
- Lieutenant-general in the Imperial Army, commanded the
49th Army Corps and then the
7th Army in the
Kerensky Offensive of 1917. He enlisted in the Red Army in 1918 and commanded the Selivachyov Group, composed of the
8th Army, 3rd and 42nd infantry Divisions of the
13th Army. His group spearheaded the
Counteroffensive of Southern Front
The August counter-offensive of the Southern Front (14 August – 12 September 1919) was an offensive during the Russian Civil War by the troops of the Southern Front of the Red Army against the White Guard troops of Anton Denikin. Combat o ...
against the White Army. He died in 1919 of typhus or poisoning.
*
Sergei Sheydeman
Sergei Mikhailovich Sheydeman (russian: Сергей Михайлович Шейдеман; german: Sergei Michailowitsch Scheidemann; August 18, 1857 – 1922) was an army commander of the Imperial Russian Army in World War I. After the October ...
- General in command of the
Second Army after the suicide of
Alexander Samsonov
Aleksandr Vasilyevich Samsonov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Самсо́нов, tr. ; ) was a career officer in the cavalry of the Imperial Russian Army and a general during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. He ...
in September 1914. He organized the army's retreat from
East Prussia and commanded the army for almost three years. Recipient of nine major Imperial medals, after the October Revolution, he went over to the Bolsheviks.
*
Ali-Agha Shikhlinski
Ali Agha Ismail Agha oghlu Shikhlinski ( az, Əli Ağa İsmayıl Ağa oğlu Şıxlinski;); – )Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January. All other dates in this article are in ...
- Lieutenant-General of Artillery from Azerbaijan, known as ''the God of Artillery''. He served in the Boxer Rebellion in
China, in the Russo-Japanese War, and in World War I. Inventor of the "Shiklinski triangle" target-finding device. He was the last commander of the
10th Russian Army in 1917. In 1918-20 he led the army of independent Azerbaijan against the Ottomans. After the Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan in 1921, he was seconded to Moscow, where he was an adviser to the artillery inspection department of Red Army and taught in Higher Artillery School. On 18 July 1921, Shikhlinski was transferred back to
Baku
Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world ...
, where he taught at a military school and became a deputy to the chairman of the military science society of Baku garrison. He retired in 1929 and died in 1943.
*
Dmitry Shuvayev
Dmitry Savelyevich Shuvayev (; – 19 December 1937) was a Russian military leader, Infantry General (1912) and Minister of War (1916).
Life
Dmitry Shuvayev graduated from Alexander Military School in 1872. Between 1873 and 1875, he participa ...
- Infantry General (1912) and
Minister of War of the Russian Empire in 1916–17. After the October Revolution, Shuvayev served in the Red Army as a commander from 1918 to 1926 and taught at different military schools. He retired from military service in 1926.
*
Movses Silikyan
Movses Silikyan or Silikov (, ; 14 September 1862 – 22 November 1937) was an Armenian general who served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and later in the army of the First Republic of Armenia. He is regarded as a national hero ...
-
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
general of the Imperial Army in World War I, participated in the
Battle of Bitlis and the
Battle of Erzurum (1916) and as the first Commander-in-Chief of the newly formed
Armenian Army
The Armed Forces of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի զինված ուժեր, Hayastani zinvats uzher), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army ( hy, Հայկական Բանակ, Haykakan Banak), is the national military of Armenia. It consist ...
in 1918 he became a national hero of Armenia for his victory in the
Battle of Sardarabad
The Battle of Sardarabad ( hy, Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, translit=Sardarapati chakatamart; tr, Serdarabad Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad, Armenia, from 21 t ...
and the
Battle of Abaran
The Battle of Bash Abaran ( hy, Բաշ Աբարանի ճակատամարտ ''Bash Abarani chakatamart'', tr, Baş-Abaran Muharebesi) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. The ...
against the
Ottomans. Marshal
Ivan Bagramyan
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan,; russian: Ива́н Христофо́рович Баграмя́н, link=no also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan; russian: Оване́с Хачату́рович Баграмя́н, link=no ( – 2 ...
had said that Silikyan was "the most gifted military leader of all Armenian Generals of that time". When the Bolsheviks took over Armenia and established the
Transcaucasian SFSR, Silikyan was appointed to a number of positions with the Soviets until 1937, when he was arrested and executed in Stalin's purges.
*
Nikolai Skoblin - Tsarist general turned
NKVD spy, responsible for the capture of
Yevgeny Miller. Killed by a bombing raid on Barcelona during the
Spanish Civil War.
*
Yakov Slashchov
Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchov (Russian: Яков Александрович Слащёв; 10 January 1886 – 11 January 1929) was a leading commander of Baron Wrangel's Crimean army who reconciled to the Soviets and returned from Constantin ...
- Major-General in the Tsarist Army and lieutenant-general in Wrangel's White Army, fled to
Constantinople in 1920 but returned to Soviet Russia in 1921 to join the Red Army. Taught tactics in the Frunze Military Academy and was assassinated in 1929 by the brother of one of his Civil War victims.
*
Andrei Snesarev
Andrei Evgenyevich Snesarev (13 December 1865, Staraya Kalitva, – 4 December 1937, Moscow) was a Russian linguist, orientalist and military leader.
Andrei was the son of a Russian Orthodox priest. After attending gymnasium school at Novocher ...
-
Lieutenant general in 1910, chief of staff of the
2nd Combined Cossack Division and then of the
12th Infantry Division of the Imperial Army. In World War I he took command of the
9th Army Corps. In the Civil War he commanded Red troops in the 1918
Battle of Tsaritsyn
The Battle of Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between the Red Army and the White Army during the Russian Civil War for control of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), a significant city and port on the Volga River in southwestern Russia.
The city ...
and in 1920 he delivered lectures on
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
to the Oriental Section of the
Military Academy of the Red Army
The M. V. Frunze Military Academy (russian: Военная академия имени М. В. Фрунзе), or in full the Military Order of Lenin and the October Revolution, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Academy in the name of M. V. Frunze (rus ...
.
*
Mikhail Sokovin
Mikhail Sokovin (Russian, Михаил Алексеевич Соковнин, 18 October 1863 – 1943) was an Imperial Russian army commander. He served in China and fought in the war against the Empire of Japan. He was promoted to polkovnik (co ...
-
Colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
in 1902,
major-general in 1908, served in the Boxer Rebellion in China and in the Russo-Japanese War. In World War I he commanded the
Eighth Army. In 1918 he voluntarily joined the Bolsheviks and held various posts in the Red Army during the Civil War. Taught tactics in military academies in the 1920s and 1930s. He died in Moscow in 1943 and was buried at the
Novodevichy Cemetery.
*
Nikolai Stogov
Nikolai Nikolayevich Stogov (10 September 1873 – 7 December 1959) was a Russian general who fought in the First World War and Russian Civil War.
Biography
He graduated from Nicholas Cadet Corps, Konstantinovskoe Artillery School and joined the ...
-
Lieutenant-General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...
during World War I, replaced Potapov as Chief of Staff of the Red Army in 1918. The next year he deserted to
Wrangel's White forces, in 1920 he fled to Yugoslavia and died in France.
*
Alexander Andreyevich Svechin
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.
Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
- Major-General in Tsarist army from 1916, Chief of Staff of the
5th Russian Army in World War I, veteran of the Russo-Japanese War. Joined the Red Army in March 1918, became leader of
General Staff of the RSFSR, wrote important documents on Soviet military strategy. Executed on Stalin's orders in 1938.
*
Pavel Sytin
Pavel Pavlovich Sytin (russian: Павел Павлович Сытин) (30 July .S. 18 July1870 Skopin – 22 August 1938 Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet military leader who reached the rank of major general in the Imperial Russian Army. He fo ...
-
Major general, commander of many imperial infantry divisions in World War I. After joining the Bolsheviks he was made commander-in-chief of the entire
Southern Front in 1918, where
Joseph Stalin was
political commissar, and won the
Battle of Tsaritsyn
The Battle of Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between the Red Army and the White Army during the Russian Civil War for control of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), a significant city and port on the Volga River in southwestern Russia.
The city ...
against
Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
and
Krasnov.
*
Alexander von Taube
Baron Alexander Alexandrovich von Taube (21 August 1864 – January 1919) was an Imperial Russian general.
He fought in the war of Russia against the Empire of Japan. In WWI - Major General, later as Lieutenant General commanding 5th Siberian I ...
- A
Baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knigh ...
, he had served as Major-General in the
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
and Lieutenant-General in World War I, commanding the 5th Siberian infantry division. Conscripted in the
Red Army in 1918 as a military specialist, his service was planning strategic operations in
Siberia. Captured by the
Volunteer Army of
Alexander Kolchak
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (russian: link=no, Александр Васильевич Колчак; – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought ...
, he died in 1919 of
typhus in captivity.
*
Pyotr Telezhnikov
Pyotr Dmitryvich Telezhnikov (birth surname Schreider; born 31 March 1863) was an Imperial Russian division, corps and army commander. He was made a Poruchik in 1886, a Stabskapitän in 1890, a captain in 1892, a Podpolkovnik (lieutenant colonel ...
-
Major general in 1909, commander of the
2nd Army in 1917. After the October Revolution, he offered his services to the Soviet Red Army, where he was stationed at
Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavsky District (russian: Яросла́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #12-z and municipalLaw #65-z district ( raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area ...
from January to December 1919. He retired on 7 August 1920.
*
Vladimir Yegoryev
Vladimir Nikolayevich Yegoryev (russian: Влади́мир Никола́евич Его́рьев; March 16, 1869 – September 20, 1948) was a military commander and military expert of the Russian Empire, Russian SFSR, and Soviet Uni ...
- Chief of Staff of the
3rd Army Corps and then commander of the
39th Army Corps of the Tsarist Army. After the October Revolution, he was elected as commander of the
Special Army
The Russian Special Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front.
Field management was established in August 1916.
The Army was named ''Special'' because it was thought that the name ''13th Army'' would bring bad lu ...
of the South-Western Front in December 1917. From January 1918 he commanded the troops of the
South-Western Front. From March to September 1918 he was the military leader of the
Western Curtain. Regarded as a military expert, he continued teaching in Soviet military academies after his retirement from active service. He died in 1948.
*
Andrei Zayonchkovsky - Oversaw defence of
Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. I ...
in 1917. Joined Red Army in 1918 and later worked as a teacher at the military academy.
*
Alexander Zelenoy
Alexander Pavlovich Zelenoy (russian: Александр Павлович Зеленой, 6 September 1872 (24 August New Style), Odessa - 4 September 1922, Petrograd) was a Russian and Soviet naval commander. Graduated in naval college, particip ...
- Imperial
Rear Admiral
Rear admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to a major general and air vice marshal and above that of a commodore and captain, but below that of a vice admiral. It is regarded as a two star "admiral" rank. It is often regard ...
, he was head of mine defence on the
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
and the head of the Staff of the
Baltic Fleet
, image = Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg
, image_size = 150
, caption = Baltic Fleet Great ensign
, dates = 18 May 1703 – present
, country =
, allegiance = (1703–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1922) (1922–1991)(1991–present)
...
in 1917. Famous for being one of the commanders of the
Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet
The Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet (russian: Ледовый поход Балтийского флота) was an operation which transferred the ships of the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy from their bases at Tallinn, at the time k ...
in 1918. He became commander of the Baltic Fleet in 1919 and took part in the defence of Petrograd against Yudenich during the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
. Zelenoy died of natural causes in September 1922 and was buried in the
Kazachye Cemetery
Kazachye Cemetery (russian: Казачье кладбище), formerly known as Communist Square (russian: Коммунисти́ческая площа́дка) and also known as the Internal Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra (russian: Вн ...
of the
Alexander Nevsky Lavra
Saint Alexander Nevsky Lavra or Saint Alexander Nevsky Monastery was founded by Peter I of Russia in 1710 at the eastern end of the Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg, in the belief that this was the site of the Neva Battle in 1240 when Alex ...
.
Senior officers
*
Semyon Aralov
Semyon Ivanovich Aralov (russian: Семён Иванович Аралов; 18 December 1880 – 22 May 1969) was a Russian revolutionary, military commander and Soviet statesman who served as the first head of the Soviet Red Army Intelligence Dir ...
- Grenadier in the Russo-Japanese war, staff officer in the
Third Army in World War I, and
major in the
Military Intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions. This aim is achieved by providing an assessment of data from ...
until 1917. After joining the revolution he became the first head of the
Intelligence Directorate
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. More generally, it can be des ...
of the Red Army. He fought in the Great Patriotic War, was discharged in the age of 66 in 1946 and died in 1969.
*
Christophor Araratov -
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
Lieutenant-Colonel
Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colonel ...
of artillery in the Russian Imperial Army in World War I, then
Major-General in the
Armenian Army
The Armed Forces of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի զինված ուժեր, Hayastani zinvats uzher), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army ( hy, Հայկական Բանակ, Haykakan Banak), is the national military of Armenia. It consist ...
of the newly established
First Republic of Armenia
The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle ...
. He played a decisive role in winning the
Battle of Sardarapat
The Battle of Sardarabad ( hy, Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, translit=Sardarapati chakatamart; tr, Serdarabad Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad, Armenia, from 21 to ...
in 1918 against the
Turks. After the
Soviet invasion of Armenia in 1921, he joined the Red Army and took a position as head assistant of a rifle division. Later he was appointed as head of military chairs at
Yerevan State University and then at National Economy Institute.
*
Voldemar Aussem
Voldemar Khristianovich Aussem (russian: Вольдемар (Владимир) Христианович Ауссем; , in Oryol – 1936), was a Russian nobleman and revolutionary, communist official and Soviet diplomat.
From 1899 he studied at ...
- A
nobleman by birth, of
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
descent, he was a colonel in the Tsarist Army when he joined the revolution. He was chief of staff of the 2nd Ukrainian (Red) Army in 1919–20, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council, and an ambassador to
Vienna in 1924. He died in 1936.
*
Josef Bashko - Colonel in Tsarist Air Force and
Sikorsky Ilya Muromets
The Sikorsky ''Ilya Muromets'' (russian: Сикорский Илья Муромец) (Sikorsky S-22, S-23, S-24, S-25, S-26 and S-27) were a class of Russian pre- World War I large four-engine commercial airliners and military heavy bombers use ...
bomber
A bomber is a military combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), launching torpedoes, or deploying air-launched cruise missiles. The first use of bombs dropped from an aircr ...
pilot during World War I. Joined Red Army in 1918, dismissed in 1921, and later became a general in
Latvian Air Force
Latvian Air Force ( lv, Latvijas Gaisa spēki) is the aviation branch of the National Armed Forces. The first air force (AF) units were established 1992. It has no air combat capability, thus the defense of Latvian air space is maintained by NAT ...
.
*
Mikhail Batorsky - A member of the nobility and son of an officer, he served in Her Majesty's Lifeguard Cuirassier Regiment. In World War I he was a Colonel and adjutant to the staffs of many armies. Joining the Red Army in 1918, he became chief-of-staff of the
Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to:
Military frontiers
* Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (Russian Empire), a maj ...
in 1921.
*
Georgy Bazilevich -
Lieutenant-Colonel
Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colonel ...
of the 211th Nikolsky infantry regiment of the Tsarist Army, was wounded six times and received eight military awards. In 1917 he was deputy chairman of the Executive Committee of the (Imperial)
Russian Special Army. Joining the Bolsheviks, he commanded several divisions in the Civil War and was then promoted to
Komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
. in 1939 he was executed.
*
Yevgeny Berens - Captain in Tsarist navy. Served on Soviet naval general staff 1917–28.
*
Stepan Bogomyagkov
Stepan Nikolaevich Bogomyagkov (russian: Степан Николаевич Богомягков; 31 December 1890 – September 1966) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander). He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to ...
- Lieutenant-Colonel (regimental commander) in the Imperial Army. He was promoted to Komkor on 11 November 1935. During the
Great Purge, he was arrested in February 1938. Unlike many of his colleagues, he was not executed. In 1941, he was sentenced to 10 years in a
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...
labor camp. He was released in 1948 after seven years and lived in retirement in his home region of
Perm Oblast. He was not reinstated in the army but did receive a pension.
*
Georgy Bulatsel - Lieutenant-Colonel in the Imperial Army. Of noble origins, he fought in both the Russo-Japanese war and World War I. He joined the
Finnish Red Guards in 1918 as a military specialist, fought in the
Battle of Tampere
The Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and the heaviest of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Today it is particular ...
and was arrested and executed by counter-revolutionary Finnish forces.
*
Lev Galler
Lev Mikhailovich Galler (Born Leo Julius Alexander Philipp von Haller; russian: Лев Михайлович Галлер; – 12 July 1950) was a Soviet military leader and admiral of Baltic German origin.
Galler was born into a Baltic German f ...
-
Executive officer on
Russian battleship Slava
''Slava'' (russian: Слава "Glory") was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy, the last of the five s. Completed too late to participate in the Battle of Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War, she survived while all of her ...
1916–17, later a Soviet admiral during Russian Civil War and Great Patriotic War. Died in prison in 1950.
*
Abdulhamid bey Gaytabashi -
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijanis
* Azerbaijani language
See also
* Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
* Azeri (disambiguation)
* Azerbaijani cuisine
* Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan ...
captain in the Tsarist Army in World War I, recipient of the
Order of St. Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptiz ...
and the last Chief of Staff of the
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
The Azerbaijani Armed Forces ( az, Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri) were re-established according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Armed Forces from 9 October 1991. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) had originally formed ...
in 1920. After
occupation of Azerbaijan by Bolsheviks, he was appointed Chief of General Staff of the Red Army Corps in Azerbaijan. However, in June 1920 he was
executed by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French ''fusil'', rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are us ...
for his alleged role in
Ganja revolt.
*
Vladimir Gittis
Vladimir Mikhailovich Gittis (Russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Ги́ттис; 24 June 1881 – 22 August 1938) was a Soviet military commander and komkor. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going o ...
- Commander of the 148th infantry regiment in World War I, became a
komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
after joining the Red Army and fought in the Russian Civil War and
Polish-Soviet War.
*
Vasily Glagolev (commander)
Vasily Pavlovich Glagolev (May 23, 1883 – March 14, 1938) was a Red Army commander.
He served as a staff officer in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I and defected to the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. He fought for them aga ...
- Tsarist colonel 1916–17, Red Army general during Russian Civil War. Executed during the purges of the
Stalin era.
*
Vladimir Kachalov
Vladimir Jakovlevich Kachalov (27 July 1890 – 4 August 1941) was a Soviet lieutenant general. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent Civil War. He was a recipient of the Or ...
- The last commander of the 58th "Prague" infantry regiment of the Russian Army in World War I. In the Red Army a
Lieutenant General. He was killed in 1941 fighting in the
Battle of Smolensk against the Germans.
*
Sergey Sergeyevich Kamenev - Regimental commander in the Tsarist army in World War I. Member of the
Revolutionary Military Council Commander in Chief of the Red Army from July 1919 to 1924, head of the Red Army's Air Defence Department from 1934 to his death,
Hero of the Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for ...
.
*
Dmitry Karbyshev
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Karbyshev (russian: Дмитрий Михайлович Карбышев; , Omsk — 18 February 1945, Mauthausen, Austria) was an officer of the Russian Imperial Army, a Red Army general, professor of the Soviet General S ...
-
Lieutenant-colonel
Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colonel ...
in the Tsarist army, joined the Red Guards in 1917 and oversaw construction of fortifications in the USSR. A Red Army general in the Great Patriotic War, he fought in the
Battle of Bialystok-Minsk
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
and was captured by the Germans. He led many resistance movements inside Nazi concentration camps, and on the night of 17 February 1945, together with other 500 prisoners, he was doused with cold water and left to expire in the frost. Posthumously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.
*
Nikolai Kashirin
Nikolai Dmitrievich Kashirin (Russian: Николай Дмитриевич Каширин; 16 February 1888 – 14 June 1938) was a Soviet Komandarm 2nd rank. He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I, receiving the Order of Saint Vl ...
- Regimental commander in World War I, receiving the
Order of Saint Vladimir and the
Order of Saint Anna. In the Red Army he reached the rank of
komandarm
is the abbreviation of the russian: Командующий армией, Komanduyushtchi armiy, lit=Commander of the Army / Army commander, and was a military rank used in the Soviet Union. Between 1918 and 1935, it was a rank in the Red Army, ...
and headed the
North Caucasus Military District
The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also included the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla.
It comprised the Republic of Adygeya, ...
from 1931 to 1937, when he was arrested and executed.
*
Aleksey Krylov
, birth_date = O.S. (August 15, 1863 N.S.)
, death_date =
, image = Alexey Krylov 1910s.JPG
, image_size = 200px
, caption = Official portrait (1910)
, birth_place = Alatyrsky uezd of Simbirsk Gubernia, Russian ...
- Maritime engineer, professor and head of shipbuilding with Tsarist navy before 1917. Awarded a
Stalin prize in 1941 for his research on
hydrodynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including ''aerodynamics'' (the study of air and other gases in motion) and ...
.
*
August Kork
August Ivanovich Kork (, also Аугуст Яанович Корк; 11 June 1937) was an Estonian Red Army commander (Komandarm 2nd rank) who was tried and executed during the Great Purge in 1937.
Kork became an officer of the Imperial Russi ...
- Lieutenant Colonel in Tsarist army, later Commander of the 6th Army
*
Nikolay Kuibyshev )
, image =
, birth_date = 25 December 1893
, death_date =
, birth_place = Kokshetau, Akmolinsk Oblast, Russian Empire
, death_place =Moscow, Soviet Union
, allegiance = Russian Empire
Soviet Union
, branch = Imperial Russian Army
Red Army ...
-
Major (battalion commander) in the 10th Malorossiya Grenadier Regiment of the Tsarist Army, son of an army officer and brother of future Bolshevik politician
Valerian Kuibyshev
Valerian Vladimirovich Kuybyshev (russian: Валериа́н Влади́мирович Ку́йбышев; – 25 January 1935) was a Russian revolutionary, Red Army officer, and prominent Soviet politician.
Biography
Early years
Bo ...
. Wounded three times in World War I, in 1918 he joined the Red Army and became commander of the
3rd
Third or 3rd may refer to:
Numbers
* 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3
* , a fraction of one third
* 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute''
Places
* 3rd Street (disambiguation)
* Third Avenue (disambiguation)
* H ...
and
9th Rifle Divisions on the
Southern Front of the Russian Civil War
The Southern Front of the Russian Civil War was a theatre of the Russian Civil War.
Don revolts and formation of the Volunteer Army
In the aftermath of the October Revolution, politicians and army officers hostile to the Bolsheviks gravitated ...
. During the 1920s, Kuibyshev commanded a corps, courses for Red Army commanders, the group of Soviet advisors in
China, and the
Siberian Military District. He became secretary for
Rabkrin, the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate, and a member of the
Party Control Commission during the 1930s. Kuibyshev became commander of the
Transcaucasian Military District
The Transcaucasian Military District, a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces, traces its history to May 1921 and the incorporation of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia into the Soviet Union. It was disbanded by being redesignated as a Gr ...
in 1937. During the Great Purge, he was arrested in February 1938 and executed in August. Posthumously pardoned in 1956.
*
Vladimir Lazarevich - A
General Staff Academy graduate, he was
Lieutenant Colonel in the Imperial Army in World War I and
chief of staff
The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporti ...
of the
18th Army Corps in 1917. Voluntarily joining the Red Army in 1918, he commanded the
4th Army in 1919 against
Kolchak Kolchak, Kolçak or Kolčák is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iliash Kolchak ("Kolchak-Pasha") ( fl. before 1710–1743), Moldavian mercenary and military commander
* Alexander Kolchak (1873–1920), Russian naval commander ...
and the
3rd Army in 1920 against the
Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Cen ...
. In 1921 as commander of the
Turkestan Front The Turkestan Front () was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed on the territory of Turkestan Military District by Order of the Republic of Turkestan on February 23, 1919. It was formed a second time by the directiv ...
he put down the
Basmachi rebellion in
Central Asia. After the war he was director of the
Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy () – is a higher military educational institution for training and retraining of engineers for the Russian Air Force.
The academy trains specialists – engineers, research engineers in the following sp ...
from 1925 to 1927.
*
Ivan Loiko
''Polkovnik'' Ivan Alexandrovich Loiko (born 6 February 1892, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with six confirmed aerial victories by the scanty and confusing records still existent. He rose to command a fighter unit, th ...
-
Flying ace
A flying ace, fighter ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The exact number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an ace is varied, but is usually co ...
and colonel in the Tsarist Air Force, fought for the
White Army
The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогв� ...
during Russian Civil War. Joined Red Army in 1924, later imprisoned during the Stalin era for espionage.
*
Mikhail Matiyasevich
Mikhail Stepanovich Matiyasevich (Matiasevich) (Smolensk, May 23 une 41878 – Kyiv, August 5, 1941) was a Soviet military commander, who commanded several military units of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
Biography
From the nobilit ...
- From the
nobility of the
Smolensk province, he fought in the
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
, as a lieutenant in the 220th Infantry Regiment. In the First World War, he fought on the
Western
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
and
Northern
Northern may refer to the following:
Geography
* North, a point in direction
* Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe
* Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States
* Northern Province, Sri Lanka
* Northern Range, a r ...
fronts. He was wounded four times. Having become a
Colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
in July 1916, he commanded the 717th Infantry Regiment. In the days of the October Revolution he was unanimously elected by the soldiers as commander of the Regiment. In February 1918 he was demobilized and apparently for ideological reasons, he voluntarily joined the Red Army in April 1918. He was given command of the
7th Army in the defense of
Petrograd against
Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich ( – 5 October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.
Biography
Early life
Yude ...
, the
3rd Army in the defeat of
Kolchak Kolchak, Kolçak or Kolčák is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iliash Kolchak ("Kolchak-Pasha") ( fl. before 1710–1743), Moldavian mercenary and military commander
* Alexander Kolchak (1873–1920), Russian naval commander ...
, and the
5th Army in the operations against Baron
Sternberg. He died in
Kiev in August 1941, a month before its occupation by the Germans.
*
Sergei Mezheninov
Sergei A Mezheninov (January 19, 1890 – September 28, 1937) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander).
He fought for the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks during the subsequent civil war.
During this wa ...
- Much-decorated Captain of the Life Guards in World War I, commander of the
12th and
15th Red armies during the Civil War. At the time of the
Great Purge, Mezheninov was arrested after a suicide attempt on 20 June 1937. He was accused of spying for
Nazi Germany, convicted and later executed.
*
Filipp Mironov -
Don Cossack, veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, and a much-decorated Deputy Commander of the 32nd Don Regiment in 1916. In the Red Army, he commanded the 2nd Cavalry Army between 6 September and 6 December 1920, with which he participated in the
Siege of Perekop (1920). Loyal to the Revolution, he was condemned to death at a show-trial organized by Trotsky. He was pardoned on the eve of this execution, but later re-arrested and shot in 1921.
*
Syla Mishchenko - He was an officer of the Russian Imperial Army from Ukraine, and a
kombrig
(russian: комбриг) is an abbreviation of Commanding officer of the brigade (russian: командир бригады, komandir brigady; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR from 1935 to 1940. It was also the ...
in the Red Army after the revolution. He was shot in the
Purge of the Red Army in 1941
Between October 1940 and February 1942, in spite of the ongoing German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Red Army, in particular the Soviet Air Force, as well as Soviet military-related industries were subjected to purges by Stalin.
...
.
*
Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov
Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov (russian: Михаи́л Арте́мьевич Муравьёв) ( – July 11, 1918) was a Russian officer who changed sides during the time of the Civil War.
He was born in a village of Burdukovo, near Vetluga ...
- Lieutenant-Colonel during World War I, joined the
Left SRs
The Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (russian: Партия левых социалистов-революционеров-интернационалистов) was a revolutionary socialist political party formed during the Russian Revol ...
in 1917 and the Bolsheviks in 1918. He led the Red Army into Kiev, then joined the anti-Bolshevik
Left SR Uprising
The Left SR uprising, or Left SR revolt, was an uprising against the Bolsheviks by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party. The uprising started on 6 July 1918 and was claimed to be intended to restart the war against Germany.Boniece, Sally A. l ...
and was shot by the Bolsheviks.
*
Eduard Pantserzhanskiy
Eduard Samuilovich Pantserzhanskiy (; – 26 September 1937) was a Russian military leader, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from December 1921 to December 1924.
Biography
Pantserzhanskiy was born in Liepāja, Latvia the son of ...
- Naval officer in the
Baltic Fleet
, image = Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg
, image_size = 150
, caption = Baltic Fleet Great ensign
, dates = 18 May 1703 – present
, country =
, allegiance = (1703–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1922) (1922–1991)(1991–present)
...
in World War I, promoted to
Vice admiral after joining the Revolution, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy 1921–24.
*
Max Reyter -
Latvian colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
in the Tsarist Army,
lieutenant general in the Red Army. He commanded the
Bryansk Front
The Bryansk Front (russian: Брянский фронт) was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War.
First Formation (August - November 1941)
General Andrei Yeremenko was designated commander of the Front when it first f ...
in 1942, becoming the first officer of non-
Slavic origin to command a Front of the Red Army.
*
Alexey Schastny
Alexey Mikhailovich Schastny () (1881–1918) was a Russian and Soviet naval commander. He commanded the Baltic Fleet during the Ice Cruise. He was executed on the order of Trotsky in June 1918.
Life
Schastny was born into a military family in ...
-
Captain 1st rank
Captain 1st rank (russian: Капитан 1-го ранга, Kapitan 1-go ranga, lit=Captain of the 1st rank) is a rank used by the Russian Navy and a number of former communist states. The rank is the most senior rank in the staff officers' ca ...
in the Tsarist Navy and Commander of the Baltic Fleet after the October Revolution. He had disagreements with Trotsky and was arrested in 1918 and shot as a "counter-revolutionary".
*
Alexander Sedyakin
Alexander Ignatyevich Sedyakin (26 November 1893 – 29 July 1938) was a Soviet division commander and Komandarm 2nd rank. He was born in St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in Wo ...
- Regimental commander in World War I who joined the Red Army in 1918. He crushed the
East Karelian uprising in 1922 and rose to the rank of
Komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
(corps commander). Killed in 1938 during Stalin's purges.
*
Boris Shaposhnikov
, birth_name = Boris Mikhailovitch Shaposhnikov
, birth_date =
, death_date =
, birth_place = Zlatoust, Ufa Governorate Russian Empire
, death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union
, placeofburial = Kremlin Wall Necropolis
, place ...
- Colonel of
grenadier regiment during World War I. Chief of staff and later
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union (russian: Маршал Советского Союза, Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, ) was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union.
The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 19 ...
during the
Great Patriotic War.
*
Dmitry Shmidt - A Bolshevik since 1915. Drafted into the Imperial Army he fought in World War I. For his actions Shmidt was awarded the
Cross of St. George
The Cross of Saint George (russian: Георгиевский крест, Georgiyevskiy krest) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was officially known as the Decoration of t ...
in all four classes. In February 1916, he was made an officer. Shmidt was wounded three times and reached the rank of battalion commander (
Major) in 1917. In the Civil War he commanded the
37th Rifle Division
The 37th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.
It served in the North Caucasus Military District; established at Novocherkassk in 1919. In June–July 1939 it was at Omsk preparing for action ...
in
Tsaritsyn and in Ukraine against
Symon Petliura. During heavy fighting near
Shepetivka
Shepetivka ( uk, Шепеті́вка; pl, Szepetówka) is a city located on the Huska River in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Shepetivka is the administrative center of Shepetivka Raion (district). It hosts the administra ...
with Petliura's army, Shmidt, according to the citation, had been seriously wounded but remained in the battle, personally operating guns against an armored train. In peacetime he commanded many
Cossack
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
cavalry divisions and the 8th Mechanized Brigade in the 1930s. He was executed in 1937.
*
Vasily Shorin - Colonel of the 333rd Infantry Glazovsky Regiment in 1916, he joined the Revolution in 1917. He first commanded the
26th Rifle Division
The 26th Rifle Division was a rifle division in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War, World War II and the Cold War. The division was formed on 3 November 1918 on the Eastern Front (China Border), sent to the Soviet-German Front in ...
, then the
Caucasian Front, the
Southeastern Front The Southeastern Front was a front of the Red Army during World War II.
It was formed on August 5, 1942, out of parts of the Stalingrad Front, using the command elements from the First Tank Army and the disbanded Southern Front. The front's ma ...
and a special three-army group of the Southern Group. He fought against Kolchak and Denikin, and led the
Perm and Ekaterinburg operations.
*
Aleksandr Shuvayev
Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Shuvayev (8 December 1886, Novocherkassk - December 1943) was a Soviet military commander, who commanded the 4th Red Army in the Battle of Warsaw (1920), during the Polish-Soviet War and fought in the Russian Civil War.
...
- Tsarist Lieutenant-Colonel, son of imperial War Minister
Dmitry Shuvayev
Dmitry Savelyevich Shuvayev (; – 19 December 1937) was a Russian military leader, Infantry General (1912) and Minister of War (1916).
Life
Dmitry Shuvayev graduated from Alexander Military School in 1872. Between 1873 and 1875, he participa ...
. Both he and his father joined the Red Army. He served as Chief of Staff of the
4th Army in the
Polish-Soviet War. He died in 1943.
*
Pēteris Slavens - Latvian regimental commander in the Imperial Army in World War I. Retiring due to health issues in 1917, he came back to service in 1918 for the Red Army and was given command of the
Southern Front. He died in 1919 of
pneumonia.
*
Nikolai Sollogub - Colonel and
aide-de-camp to the
Quartermaster-General of the
1st Army in the Russian Empire. He voluntarily joined the Red Army and became chief-of-staff of the
Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to:
Military frontiers
* Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (Russian Empire), a maj ...
. He was regarded as one of the most skilled officers of the Red side during the Civil War.
*
Mikhail Svechnikov
Mikhail Stepanovich Svechnikov (30 September 1882 – 26 August 1938) was a Russian military officer in the Imperial Russian Army and the Red Army. He is best known as one of the military leaders of the Red Guards in the 1918 Finnish Civil War.
C ...
-
Colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.
In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
in the Tsar's army, the highest-ranked Imperial officer to join the
Finnish Red Guards in the
Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...
in 1918. Commander of the
Caspian-Caucasian Front The Caspian-Caucasian Front () was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, formed on 8 December 1918 as a branch of the Southern Front. The Front was disbanded on 13 March 1919 and the troops transferred to form a separate 11th Army.
...
in 1919, and teacher/lecturer in the Frunze Academy in the 1920s and 1930s. He was accused of fascist conspiracy during the Great Purge of 1937-38 and executed.
*
Alexander Todorsky
Alexander Ivanovich Todorsky (8 September 1894 – 27 August 1965) was a Soviet general and komkor (corps commander). He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent Civil War.
Biogra ...
- He was the last commander of the 5th Siberian Corps of the Imperial Army in November 1917. In the Red Army he commanded the
13th Rifle Corps The 13th Rifle Corps () was a rifle corps of the Red Army, first formed in 1922.
On October 12, 1922, the Corps began forming in the Turkestan Front. Alexander Todorsky became the corps commander. The corps participated in the suppression of the ...
and reached the rank of
Lieutenant General. He was a recipient of the
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...
and the
Order of the Red Star. He was a graduate of the
Frunze Military Academy. He retired from the military at the age of 61. He died in 1965 and is buried at
Novodevichy Cemetery.
*
Fedor Tokarev
Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev (russian: Фёдор Васи́льевич То́карев; 2 June 1871 4 June in old Russian calendarref name=rFedor Tokarev – Brief History Tokarev.com. Retrieved on 2014-02-16. – 6 March 1968) was a Russian we ...
-
Cossack
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
officer and director of small arms factory at
Izhevsk
Izhevsk (russian: Иже́вск, p=ɪˈʐɛfsk; udm, Ижкар, ''Ižkar'', or , ''Iž'') is the capital city of Udmurtia, Russia. It is situated along the Izh River, west of the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. It is the 21st-largest city ...
before the Revolution. Designed the
SVT-38 and
TT-33
The TT-30,, "7.62 mm Tokarev self-loading pistol model 1930", TT stands for Tula-Tokarev) commonly known simply as the Tokarev, is an out-of-production Soviet semi-automatic pistol. It was developed in 1930 by Fedor Tokarev as a service pist ...
during the Communist era.
**Fedor's son
Nikolai Tokarev also designed arms for the
Red Army.
*
Jukums Vācietis
Jukums Vācietis (russian: Иоаким Иоакимович Вацетис, link=no, ''Ioakim Ioakimovich Vatsetis''; 11 November 1873 – 28 July 1938) was a Latvian Soviet military commander. He was a rare example of a notable Soviet leader w ...
-
Latvian colonel of the Tsarist army, commander of the
Red Latvian Riflemen in 1917, first Commander in Chief of the Red Army (until July 1919). Executed in 1937 during Stalin's purges.
*
Alexander Vekman
Alexander Karlovich Vekman () (July 31, 1884 - April 10, 1955) was a Soviet military leader and vice admiral.
Alexander Vekman was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patri ...
- Captain in the Tsarist Navy and
Vice Admiral in the Soviet Navy. He was awarded the
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...
, two
Orders of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...
,
Order of the Patriotic War (1st Class), and numerous medals. He died in 1955.
*
Gaspar Voskanyan
Gaspar Voskanyan (January 22, 1887 – September 20, 1937) was an ethnic Armenian Soviet komkor (corps commander). He was born in what is now Grigoriopol District in Transnistria, Moldova. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I b ...
-
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
lieutenant-Colonel in the Imperial Army,
komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
in the Red Army, commander of the
25th Rifle Division
The 25th Rifle Division (russian: 25-я стрелковая дивизия) was a rifle division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War, formed twice.
Formed in 1918, it was a Russian, and later Soviet, Red Army formation f ...
until 1937, when he was executed in Stalin's purge.
*
Vadim Yakovlev - Cossack
yesaul
Yesaul, osaul or osavul (russian: есау́л, translit=yesaul, uk, осаву́л, translit=osavul) (from Turkic yasaul - ''chief''), is a post and a rank in the Ukrainian Cossack units.
The first records of the rank imply that it was introd ...
, veteran of the Imperial cavalry, he first served in
Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
's White Army commanding a Cossack brigade, then joined the Reds and fought in the
First Cavalry Army __NOTOC__
The 1st Cavalry Army (russian: Первая конная армия, Pervaya konnaya armiya) was a prominent Red Army military formation. It was also known as "Budyonny's Cavalry Army" or simply as ''Konarmia'' (Кона́рмия, "Horse ...
under
Semyon Budyonny
Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonnyy ( rus, Семён Миха́йлович Будённый, Semyon Mikháylovich Budyonnyy, p=sʲɪˈmʲɵn mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdʲɵnːɨj, a=ru-Simeon Budyonniy.ogg; – 26 October 1973) was a Russian ca ...
. In the
Polish-Soviet War of 1920 he again switched sides, joining the
Polish Army. The troops of Yakovlev were particularly notorious for their cruel and bloody marauding of villages and towns in
Ukraine and
Belarus and
anti-Jewish
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
pogrom
A pogrom () is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian ...
s in the early 1920s.
*
Alexander Yegorov - Lieutenant colonel during World War I before joining Bolsheviks in 1917. Executed on Stalin's orders in 1939.
Junior officers
*
Maksim Antoniuk - Lieutenant in the Tsarist army during World War I,
Komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
during Russian Civil War, and Red Army general during World War II.
*
Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov
Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov (russian: Алексе́й Ива́нович Автоно́мов) (1890–1919) was a Russian Red Army military commander during the Russian Civil War.
Avtonomov was a Kuban Cossack. He fought in World War I with t ...
- He was a
Kuban Cossack
Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban re ...
. He fought in World War I with the rank of
Cornet
The cornet (, ) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B, though there is also a sopr ...
(sub-lieutenant) but rose quickly during the civil war. In 1918 he led the famous
Ice March
The Ice March (Russian: Ледяной походъ), also called the First Kuban Campaign (Russian: Первый кубанскій походъ), a military withdrawal lasting from February to May 1918, was one of the defining moments in the ...
to defend
Ekaterinodar
Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern ...
from General
Kornilov. He distinguished himself in many fronts, but he died of
typhus in 1919.
*
Feliksas Baltušis-Žemaitis -
Lithuanian
Lithuanian may refer to:
* Lithuanians
* Lithuanian language
* The country of Lithuania
* Grand Duchy of Lithuania
* Culture of Lithuania
* Lithuanian cuisine
* Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jew ...
podporuchik
''Podporuchik'' ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, потпоручник, potporučnik, cs, podporučík, pl, podporucznik, russian: подпору́чик, bg, подпоручик, sk, podporučík) is the most Junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, an ...
of the Imperial Army in World War I,
Major General of the Red Army in World War II. He was a lecturer/
docent
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French " ''maître de conf ...
at the
Frunze Military Academy in 1935–1940. Baltušis-Žemaitis briefly commanded the
Lithuanian Army
The Lithuanian Armed Forces () are the military of Lithuania. The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of the Lithuanian Land Forces, the Lithuanian Naval Force and the Lithuanian Air Force. In wartime, the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service ...
in 1940 during
Lithuania's incorporation into the Soviet Union. He earned his
Candidate of Military Sciences academic degree in 1940. In the war against Germany he led the
16th Lithuanian Rifle Division. He was also a senior lecturer at the
USSR General Staff Academy during 1940–1941 and 1943–1945, and served as the chief of USSR Supreme Command Courses 1945–1947.
*
Ivan Bagramyan
Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan,; russian: Ива́н Христофо́рович Баграмя́н, link=no also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan; russian: Оване́с Хачату́рович Баграмя́н, link=no ( – 2 ...
- Promoted to Praporschik before October Revolution. Red Army general during the
Battle of Kursk
The Battle of Kursk was a major World War II Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front engagement between the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union near Kursk in the southwestern USSR during late summer 1943; it ultimately became the la ...
, and military expert for the
North Vietnamese Army
The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; vi, Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam, QĐNDVN), also recognized as the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) or the Vietnamese Army (), is the military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed wi ...
during the
Vietnam War.
*
Aksel Berg
Aksel Ivanovich Berg (russian: Аксель Иванович Берг; – 9 July 1979) was a Soviet scientist in radio-frequency engineering and Soviet Navy Admiral, Hero of Socialist Labour. He was a key figure in the introduction of cybernetic ...
- Junior navigating officer on
Russian battleship Tsarevich and later submarine commander during Russian Civil War. Introduced radar and
cybernetics
Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causality, such as feedback, in regulatory and purposive systems. Cybernetics is named after an example of circular causal feedback, that of steering a ship, where the helmsperson ma ...
to the USSR.
*
Reingold Berzin Reingold is a name. Notable people with the name include:
Last name
* Arvin Reingold (1930-2020), American lawyer and politician
* Babs Reingold, American artist
* David Reingold (born 1968), American sociologist
* Edward Reingold (born 1945) ...
- Latvian
poruchik
The rank of lieutenant in Eastern Europe ( hr, poručnik, cs, poručík, pl, porucznik, russian: script=latn, poruchik, sr, script=latn, poručnik, sk, poručík) is one used in Slavophone armed forces. Depending on the country, it is either ...
in World War I, joined the Bolsheviks and fought against the
revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
The revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion comprised the armed actions of the Czechoslovak Legion in the Russian Civil War against Bolshevik authorities, beginning in May 1918 and persisting through evacuation of the Legion from Siberia to Europe in 19 ...
. In 1924 he retired from the Red Army and worked in the military industry. He was executed in 1938 during Stalin's purges.
*
Hayk Bzhishkyan - Also known as ''General Gai''. Promoted from company commander to
senior lieutenant
Senior lieutenant is a military grade between a lieutenant and a captain, often used by countries from the former Eastern Bloc. It is comparable to first lieutenant.
Finland
( sv, premiärlöjtnant) is a Finnish military rank above ( sv, l ...
by
Nikolai Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich ( – 5 October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.
Biography
Early life
Yude ...
in World War I. Joined the Red Army in 1918 and commanded the
24th Rifle Division in the
Battle of Warsaw.
*
Kasyan Chaykovsky
Kasyan Alexandrovich Chaykovsky (; February 1893 – 23 April 1938) was a Soviet military officer and Red Army Komkor. Born in the family of a lawyer, Chaykovsky became a law student at Moscow State University. He volunteered for the First Balkan ...
- Company commander in World War I, joined the Red Army and commanded many rifle divisions and later
mechanized corps. He was tortured to death by the
NKVD in 1938.
*
Aleksandr Cherepanov (general) - Platoon commander 1915–17. Later participated in
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
,
Polish-Soviet War,
Sino-Japanese War, and Great Patriotic War.
*
Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy
Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy (September 24, 1896 – July 29, 1938) was a Ukrainian Soviet army commander. He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent Civil War. With fellow Ukrainian Iva ...
- Ukrainian praporshchik in the Imperial Army, then commander of the
1st Ukrainian Soviet Army The 1st Ukrainian Soviet Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between April 15, 1919 and June 25, 1919 when the Ukrainian Front was abolished. The troops were the transferred to form the 12th Army of th ...
and general in the Red Army. He was killed in Stalin's purges.
*
Robert Eideman
Roberts Eidemanis (russian: Ро́берт Петро́вич Эйдема́н, ''Robert Petrovich Eideman''; 1895 – June 12, 1937) was a Latvian Soviet Komkor, writer and poet.
He was born in Lejasciems, Gulbene Municipality of Latvia ...
- Latvian praporshchik (1915–17), Soviet
komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
from 1935, writer and poet. He was executed during Stalin's purges.
*
Ilya Garkavyi - Company commander in the 260th infantry regiment of the Imperial Army, then Corps commander in the Red Army.
*
Leonid Govorov - Artillery podporuchik since 1917. Conscripted into White Army in 1918 and deserted to the Reds the following year. Awarded the
Order of the Red Star for breaching the
Mannerheim Line
The Mannerheim Line ( fi, Mannerheim-linja, sv, Mannerheimlinjen) was a defensive fortification line on the Karelian Isthmus built by Finland against the Soviet Union. While this was never an officially designated name, during the Winter War ...
during the
Winter War of 1940, and promoted to
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union (russian: Маршал Советского Союза, Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, ) was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union.
The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 19 ...
in 1944.
*
Oka Gorodovikov - A
Don Cossack, Senior sergeant in the 9th Don Cossack Cavalry regiment of the Imperial Army in World War I, commander of the
2nd Cavalry Army
The 2nd Cavalry Army (russian: 2-я Конная армия) was a cavalry army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
History
It was created by an order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southwestern Front on 16 July 1920 f ...
of the Red Army in the Civil War. He also participated in World War II as inspector-general and then Deputy Commander of the cavalry.
*
Mikhail Gromov (military)
Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov (russian: link=no, Михаи́л Миха́йлович Гро́мов; – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot, and Hero of the Soviet Union.
Early life
Gromov's father, Mikhai ...
-
Farman
Farman Aviation Works (french: Avions Farman) was a French aircraft company founded and run by the brothers Richard, Henri, and Maurice Farman. They designed and constructed aircraft and engines from 1908 until 1936; during the French national ...
bomber pilot in
Tsarist Air Force during World War I, and
colonel general
Colonel general is a three- or four-star military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and was a r ...
in Red Air Force during Great Patriotic War.
*
Ivan Isakov
russian: Иван Степанович Исаков
, native_name_lang =
, image = Ivan Isakov.jpg
, image_size = 255px
, alt =
, caption =
, birth_date =
, death_date =
, birth_place = Hadjikend, Kars Obl ...
-
Midshipman in
Tsarist Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy () operated as the navy of the Russian Tsardom and later the Russian Empire from 1696 to 1917. Formally established in 1696, it lasted until dissolved in the wake of the February Revolution of 1917. It developed from a ...
during World War I. Admiral in
Soviet Navy during Great Patriotic War.
*
Yakov Korotayev - He was a
Baikal Cossack and participant of World War I in the
Persian Campaign. Joining the Bolsheviks in 1918, he organized volunteer partisan detachments in
Transbaikal to fight against ataman
Grigory Semyonov. After Pavel Zhuravlev's death he was appointed the commander-in-chief of the
Eastern Transbaikalian Front.
*
Grigory Kotovsky
Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кото́вский, ro, Grigore Kotovski; – August 6, 1925) was a Soviet military and political activist, and participant in the Russian Civil War. He made a career ...
- He was a young gangster in
Bessarabia
Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds o ...
in the 1900s, fought in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, where he was promoted to Praporshchik in 1917 and awarded the St. George Cross for bravery. He joined the revolution and commanded many armies in the Civil War, defeating White general
Nikolai Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich ( – 5 October 1933) was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.
Biography
Early life
Yude ...
. He was assassinated in 1925 by a
Jewish gangster and former associate of
Mishka Yaponchik
Mishka Yaponchik (born Moisei Wolfovich Vinnitsky; 30 October 1891 – 29 July 1919) was an Odesa gangster, Jewish revolutionary, and a Soviet military leader.
Early years
Moisey Volfovich Vinnitsky was born into the family of a Jewish wa ...
.
*
Yuriy Kotsiubynsky
Yuriy Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky ( uk, Юрій Михайлович Коцюбинський) (December 7, 1896 – March 8, 1937) was a Bolshevik politician, activist, member of the Soviet government in Ukraine, one of the co-founders of Re ...
-
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
praporshchik in 1916–17, he took part in the Bolshevik storming of the Winter Palace in October 1917. In January 1918 he was made
Chief of Staff of the Soviet Ukrainian People's Republic. In this capacity he fought against
Kerensky and
Krasnov. He was executed in Stalin's purges.
*
Yepifan Kovtyukh
Yepifan I Kovtyukh (May 21, 1890 – July 29, 1938) was a Soviet corps commander. He was born in modern-day Ukraine. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks. He was a recipient of the Cross of St. ...
- Staff-captain under the Tsar, then leader of the
Taman Army
The Taman Army was an armed group within the Red Army, operating in the south of Russia during the Russian Civil War. It existed from August 27, 1918 to February 1919. The name derives from the Taman Peninsula, where the army was formed.
Formation ...
in the Civil War and
komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
in the Red Army.
*
Nikolai Krylenko
Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko ( rus, Никола́й Васи́льевич Крыле́нко, p=krɨˈlʲenkə; May 2, 1885 – July 29, 1938) was an Old Bolshevik and Soviet politician. Krylenko served in a variety of posts in the Soviet ...
- Sub-lieutenant (praporshchik) in the Tsarist Army. After the October Revolution, he was made the last Commander-in-Chief of that army, responsible for its disarmament and armistice negotiations with the
Germans. He later became
Minister of Justice
A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in ...
in the USSR.
*
Vasily Kuznetsov - Commissioned as a lieutenant in 1916, and commanded Red Army troops during Russian Civil War. Lieutenant general during Great Patriotic War.
*
Boris Legran
Boris Vasilyevich Legran or Legrand (Russian: Борис Васильевич Легран, 18841936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet official who represented the interests of the Russian SFSR in Armenia and Transcaucasia, during the 192 ...
- Staff captain in 1915–17, joined the Bolsheviks and became Deputy Commissar of Naval Affairs in 1918 and then Chief of Staff of the
10th Army in 1919. From 1931 to 1934 he was director of the
State Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the larges ...
in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
.
*
Vasily Malyshkin
Vasily Fedorovich Malyshkin (russian: Василий Фёдорович Малышкин; 26 December 18961 August 1946) was a Soviet major general during World War II. Following his capture during Operation Typhoon he defected to Nazi Germany be ...
- Praporschik during World War I, later became a Red Army general. Executed for treason after the war for collaborating with the Nazis.
*
Mikhail Meandrov - Tsarist captain during World War I, commanded the Sixth Army during the Great Patriotic War until captured in 1941. Hanged in 1946 for joining
Andrey Vlasov
Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov (russian: Андрéй Андрéевич Влáсов, – August 1, 1946) was a Soviet Red Army general and Nazi collaborator. During World War II, he fought in the Battle of Moscow and later was captured att ...
's
Russian Liberation Army.
*
Alexander Miasnikian
Alexander Fyodori Miasnikian or Myasnikov; russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Мяснико́в. Also spelled Myasnikyan. His patronymic is variously given as Asatur, Astvatsatur, Fyodor and Bogdan. (28 January February1886 – ...
-
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
praporshchik
( rus, Пра́порщик, 3=ˈprapərɕːɪk, ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to in navies. It is usually equivalent to Warrant ...
in World War I and the last commander of the
Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to:
Military frontiers
* Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany
*Western Front (Russian Empire), a maj ...
. A
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, he became a member of the
Revolutionary Military Council and after 1921 head of state of the
Armenian SSR
The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic,; russian: Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика, translit=Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) also commonly referred to as Soviet A ...
. He was instrumental in the formation of state institutions and economy of the republic and in eradicating the illiteracy and developing local manufacturing in Armenia. He died in 1925 in a mysterious plane crash. He is still celebrated as a
national hero in Armenia.
*
Alexander Nikonov
Alexander Matveevich Nikonov (Russian: Александр Матвеевич Никонов; 31 August 1893 – 26 October 1937) was a Soviet komdiv (division commander). He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over ...
- Lieutenant in the 55th Infantry division in World War I, joined the Red Army and became division commander and head of the Intelligence Directorate of the
General Staff
A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian staff who serve the commander of a division or other large military u ...
.
*
Vladimir Mitrofanovich Orlov
Vladimir Mitrofanovich Orlov (russian: Владимир Митрофанович Орлов) (July 15, 1895 – July 28, 1938) was a Russian military leader and Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from July 1931 to July 1937.
Life ...
- Navigating officer in the
battleship
A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type ...
''
Bogatyr
A bogatyr ( rus, богатырь, p=bəɡɐˈtɨrʲ, a=Ru-богатырь.ogg) or vityaz ( rus, витязь, p=ˈvʲitʲɪsʲ) is a stock character in medieval East Slavic legends, akin to a Western European knight-errant. Bogatyrs appear ma ...
'' in World War I, joined the revolution and reached the rank of
Admiral
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...
and Commander-In-Chief of the Soviet Navy from 1931 to 1937, when he was killed in Stalin's purges.
*
Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
Vladimir Alexandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko (russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Анто́нов-Овсе́енко; ua, Володимир Антонов-Овсєєнко; 9 March 1883 – 10 February 1938), real surna ...
- Podporushchik (second lieutenant) during the Russo-Japanese War and a Bolshevik even before the Revolution. Took part in the October 1917 seizure-of-power in
Petrograd, commanded many armies in the Civil War, crushed the
Tambov Rebellion
The Tambov Rebellion of 1920–1921 was one of the largest and best-organized peasant rebellions challenging the Bolshevik government during the Russian Civil War. The uprising took place in the territories of the modern Tambov Oblast and part ...
in 1921 and ended his career as a Soviet diplomat.
*
Semyon Pugachov - Captain in the Tsarist Army, chief of staff of the
Caucasian Front in the Red Army. Suppressed the
August Uprising
The August Uprising ( ka, აგვისტოს აჯანყება, tr) was an unsuccessful insurrection against Soviet rule in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic from late August to early September 1924.
Aimed at restoring the in ...
in Georgia. He died in prison in 1943.
*
Maksim Purkayev
Maksim Alexeyevich Purkayev (russian: Максим Алексеевич Пуркаев; August 14 (26), 1894, in the village of Nalitovo, Russian Empire – January 1, 1953, Moscow) was a Soviet military leader, reaching service rank of Arm ...
-
Praporschik in Tsarist Army 1915–18. Chief of Staff on southwestern front 1941–43.
*
Fyodor Raskolnikov
Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskolnikov (russian: Фёдор Фёдорович Раскольников; (28 January 1892, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 12 September 1939, Nice, France),Zalessky K.A. ''Stalin Imperia'' Moscow, ''Veche'', 2002 citing by ...
- Midshipman in Tsarist Navy 1914–17, participated in
Kronstadt Mutiny
Two separate events at the Baltic fortress of Kronstadt on Kotlin Island are known as the Kronstadt mutinies. The first took place on 8 November 1904, and was part of the 1904–1907 wave of political and social unrest of what became known as the ...
and the battle of
Enzeli
Bandar-e Anzali ( fa, بندرانزلی, also Romanized as Bandar-e Anzalī; renamed as Bandar-e Pahlavi during the Pahlavi dynasty) is a city of Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 144,664.
Anzali is one of the mos ...
as commander of the
Caspian Flotilla
Kaspiyskaya flotiliya
, image = Great emblem of the Caspian Flotilla.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Great emblem of the Caspian Flotilla
, dates = No ...
. Escaped to France during the purges, and was murdered by
NKVD agents in 1939.
*
Prokofy Romanenko
Prokofy Logvinovich Romanenko (; – 10 March 1949) was a Ukrainian Soviet Army colonel general.
Serving in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I, Romanenko joined the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, becoming a cavalry command ...
- Sergeant in Tsarist Army, promoted to Praporschik in 1917. Red Army general during Russian Civil War, Spanish Civil War and Great Patriotic War.
*
Yuriy Sablin
Yuriy Vladimirovich Sablin (Russian: Юрий Владимирович Саблин; 24 November 1897 – 1937) was a Russian military leader and Socialist Revolutionary.
Yuriy was born in Yuryev, Governorate of Livonia, into a family of a bo ...
-
Praporshchik
( rus, Пра́порщик, 3=ˈprapərɕːɪk, ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to in navies. It is usually equivalent to Warrant ...
in World War I, suffered from
gas poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large exp ...
in 1916. He joined the
Left SRs
The Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (russian: Партия левых социалистов-революционеров-интернационалистов) was a revolutionary socialist political party formed during the Russian Revol ...
in 1917 and the Bolsheviks in 1918. He fought in Ukraine against
Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
and
Wrangel commanding the 16th Cavalry Division and the 41st Rifle Division. In 1921 he participated in extinguishing the
Kronstadt rebellion
The Kronstadt rebellion ( rus, Кронштадтское восстание, Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors and civilians against the Bolshevik government in the Russian SFSR port city of Kronstadt. Locat ...
. By the end of the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
, Sablin finished the Military Academy and Higher academic courses in 1923 and pilot school in 1925. Since 1931 he headed administration of military engineering works and commandant of a
fortified district
A fortified district or fortified region (russian: Укреплённый район, Укрепрайон, ukreplyonny raion, ukrepraion) in the military terminology of the Soviet Union, is a territory within which a complex system of defense fo ...
in Ukraine. In 1936 Sablin was commander of the 97th Rifle Division, but on 25 September 1936 he was arrested and killed by a firing squad in 1937.
*
Andrei Sazontov
Andrei Sazontov (1894 – August 26, 1938) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander). He fought for the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner (twice) and the ...
- Poruchik (lieutenant) in Tsarist Army, corps commander in the Red Army, executed in Stalin's Great Purge of 1938.
*
Alexander Sedyakin
Alexander Ignatyevich Sedyakin (26 November 1893 – 29 July 1938) was a Soviet division commander and Komandarm 2nd rank. He was born in St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in Wo ...
- Commissioned officer 1915, joined soldiers' committee after the Revolution. Fought against the forces of
Kolchak Kolchak, Kolçak or Kolčák is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iliash Kolchak ("Kolchak-Pasha") ( fl. before 1710–1743), Moldavian mercenary and military commander
* Alexander Kolchak (1873–1920), Russian naval commander ...
and
Wrangel during the Russian Civil War. Executed during Stalin's
Great Purge of 1938.
*
Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin - Much-decorated staff captain in the 59th Siberian Regiment in World War I, famous Red partisan leader in
Siberia, commanded the
35th Rifle Division and defeated the forces of
Baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knigh ...
Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg (russian: link=no, Роман Фёдорович фон Унгерн-Штернберг, translit=Roman Fedorovich fon Ungern-Shternberg; 10 January 1886 – 15 September 1921), often refer ...
in
Mongolia in 1921.
*
Nikolay Shchors
Mykola Oleksandrovich Shchors ( uk, Микола Олександрович Щорс; – 30 August 1919) was a Ukrainian communist. He served as Red Army commander, member of the Russian Communist Party, renowned for his personal courage duri ...
- Junior lieutenant (podporuchik) in the 84th Division (South-Western Front) in World War I, joined the Red Army in 1918 and had become a general in the age of 24, when he was killed near
Zhytomyr in 1919.
*
Alexander Sirotkin
Alexander Sirotkin (August 6, 1890 – January 17, 1965) was a Soviet lieutenant general and division commander. He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I. He received the Cross of St. George, the Order of St. Vladimir, the Order of ...
-
Poruchik
The rank of lieutenant in Eastern Europe ( hr, poručnik, cs, poručík, pl, porucznik, russian: script=latn, poruchik, sr, script=latn, poručnik, sk, poručík) is one used in Slavophone armed forces. Depending on the country, it is either ...
in the Imperial Army in World War I. He received the
Cross of St. George
The Cross of Saint George (russian: Георгиевский крест, Georgiyevskiy krest) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was officially known as the Decoration of t ...
, the
Order of St. Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptiz ...
, the
Order of St. Anna
The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Hol ...
and the
Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian)
pl, Order św. Stanisława
, image =
, caption =
, image2 =
, caption2 = Ribbon of the order
, awarded_by = Head of the House of Romanov
, type = Dynastic order of knighthood
, motto ...
. After the October Revolution in November 1917, he went over to the Bolsheviks and fought for them in the subsequent civil war, commanding the
15th Rifle Division. He was awarded the
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...
, the
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...
, the
Order of the Red Star and for his participation in the
Great Patriotic War, the
Order of Suvorov
The Order of Suvorov () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Generalissimo Prince Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800).
History
The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29, 1942 ...
. He died in 1965.
*
Ivan Sorokin
Ivan Lukich Sorokin (4 December 1884 - 3 November 1918) was a Russian military leader and participant in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, and the Russian Civil War. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army of the North Caucasus and Comma ...
- Staff captain of Cossack origin, created the first detachments of
Red Cossacks and led the
11th Red Army
The 11th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which fought on the Caspian-Caucasian Front. It took a prominent part in the sovietization of the three republics of the southern Caucasus in 1920–21, when Azerbaijan, ...
in the early stages of the Civil War. He was assassinated in November 1918.
*
Vladimir Strzhizhevsky - Tsarist lieutenant and fighter pilot, forced to join
Soviet Air Force in 1917. Deserted to the Whites in 1918, and in 1920 joined
Yugoslav Air Force.
*
Pyotr Sobennikov
Pyotr Petrovich Sobennikov (russian: Пётр Петрович Собенников; 13 July 1894 – 1960) was a Soviet general and Army commander.
He was a veteran of World War I and the Russian Civil War. He was stationed at the Northwestern ...
-
Cornet
The cornet (, ) is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality. The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B, though there is also a sopr ...
in Tsarist cavalry since 1916. Red Army general during Great Patriotic War.
*
Viktor Spiridonov
Viktor Afanasievich Spiridonov (20 December 1882 – 9 September 1944) was a researcher of various kinds of wrestling and martial arts, a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR, and a Honored Coach of the USSR. He was one of the founders of Sam ...
- Lieutenant during
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
and
World War I. Served as a
martial arts coach in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War.
*
Mavriky Slepnyov -
Staff captain
Staff captain is the English translation of a number of military ranks:
Historical use of the rank
Czechoslovakia
In the Czechoslovak Army, until 1953, Staff Captain ( cs, štábní kapitán, sk, štábny kapitán) was a senior captain ran ...
1915–17. Colonel in Soviet Air Force, awarded
Hero of the Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for ...
for rescuing crew of
SS Chelyuskin
SS ''Chelyuskin'' ( rus, «Челю́скин», p=tɕɪˈlʲuskʲɪn) was a Soviet steamship, reinforced to navigate through polar ice, that became ice-bound in Arctic waters during navigation along the Northern Maritime Route from Murmansk to ...
in 1934.
*
Vladimir Triandafillov
Vladimir Kiriakovitch Triandafillov (; 14 March 189412 July 1931) was a Soviet military commander and theoretician considered by many to be the "father of Soviet operational art".
Biography
He was born on 14 March 1894 in Magaradzhik village in ...
- Captain in Tsarist Army from 1915–17. Joined Red Army during Russian Civil War, killed in a plane crash in 1931.
*
Fyodor Truhin
Fyodor Ivanovich Truhin (russian: Фёдор Иванович Трухин; 26 December 18961 August 1946) was a Soviet major general during World War II. Following his capture during the Baltic Operation he defected to Nazi Germany becoming a l ...
- Praporschik during World War I, and Red Army commander 1918–41. Executed for treason in 1946 for defecting to the Nazis.
*
Mikhail Tukhachevsky
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky ( rus, Михаил Николаевич Тухачевский, Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevskiy, p=tʊxɐˈtɕefskʲɪj; – 12 June 1937) nicknamed the Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, was a Sovie ...
- Second lieutenant 1914–17. Commanded Fifth Army during Russian Civil War, executed during Stalin's purge of 1937.
*
Semyon Uritsky
Semyon Petrovich Uritsky (russian: Семён Петро́вич Ури́цкий; March 2, 1895 – August 1, 1938) was a Soviet General. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks. He was promo ...
-
Praporshchik
( rus, Пра́порщик, 3=ˈprapərɕːɪk, ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to in navies. It is usually equivalent to Warrant ...
in the Tsarist Army, headed the
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
Red Guards in 1918, fought in the Civil War and took part in suppressing the
Kronstadt rebellion
The Kronstadt rebellion ( rus, Кронштадтское восстание, Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors and civilians against the Bolshevik government in the Russian SFSR port city of Kronstadt. Locat ...
in 1921. From 1935 to 1937 he was head of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. He was killed in Stalin's purges.
*
Matvei Vasilenko
Matvei Ivanovich Vasilenko (russian: Матвей Иванович Василенко; – 1 July 1937) was a Soviet komkor (corps commander).
He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the s ...
- Ukrainian company-commander in the Tsarist Army, joined the Red Army and commanded the
9th
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding .
Evolution of the Arabic digit
In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and ...
,
11th and
14th armies in the Civil War.
*
Aleksandr Vasilevsky
Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky ( ru , Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Василе́вский) (30 September 1895 – 5 December 1977) was a Soviet career-officer in the Red Army who attained the rank of Marshal of the Soviet U ...
- Tsarist army captain during World War I. Joined Red Army in 1917 and became a
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union (russian: Маршал Советского Союза, Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, ) was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union.
The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 19 ...
during the
Great Patriotic War.
*
Mikhail Viktorov
Mikhail Vladimirovich Viktorov (; December 24, 1893 – August 1, 1938) was a Russian military leader and Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from August 1937 to January 1938.
Career
Born at Yaroslavl, Viktorov was the son of an office ...
- Navigating officer of the battleship ''
Tsesarevich
Tsesarevich (russian: Цесаревич, ) was the title of the heir apparent or presumptive in the Russian Empire. It either preceded or replaced the given name and patronymic.
Usage
It is often confused with " tsarevich", which is a di ...
'' in World War I. In the Civil War he joined the Bolsheviks and commanded the cruiser ''
Oleg
Oleg (russian: Олег), Oleh ( uk, Олег), or Aleh ( be, Алег) is an East Slavic given name. The name is very common in Russia, Ukraine and Belаrus. It derives from the Old Norse ''Helgi'' ( Helge), meaning "holy", "sacred", or "bless ...
'' and subsequently the battleships ''
Andrei Pervozvanny'' and ''
Gangut''. Promoted to Admiral in 1925, he commanded the Baltic Fleet and in 1932 was the founding commander of the
Soviet Pacific Fleet. Became Commander-In-Chief of the Soviet Navy in 1937, but was executed the same year in Stalin's purges.
*
Vincas Vitkauskas
Vincas Vitkauskas (4 October 1890 – 3 March 1965) was a Lithuanian general. He became commander of the Lithuanian Army after the resignation of Stasys Raštikis in January 1940. In this capacity, Vitkauskas opposed armed resistance to the Sovi ...
-
Lithuanian
Lithuanian may refer to:
* Lithuanians
* Lithuanian language
* The country of Lithuania
* Grand Duchy of Lithuania
* Culture of Lithuania
* Lithuanian cuisine
* Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jew ...
podporuchik in the Tsarist Army during World War I, he joined the newly formed
Lithuanian Army
The Lithuanian Armed Forces () are the military of Lithuania. The Lithuanian Armed Forces consist of the Lithuanian Land Forces, the Lithuanian Naval Force and the Lithuanian Air Force. In wartime, the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service ...
and was a hero of the
Lithuanian Wars of Independence
The Lithuanian Wars of Independence, also known as the Freedom Struggles ( lt, Laisvės kovos), refer to three wars Lithuania fought defending its independence at the end of World War I: with Bolshevik forces (December 1918 – August 1919), Ber ...
. He led the Lithuanian Army into
Vilnius in 1939 and was the Chief of Staff of the Lithuanian Army in 1940. After the Soviet occupation, he commanded the
29th Rifle Corps
The 29th Rifle Corps ( lt, 29-asis teritorinis šaulių korpusas) was formed several times in Soviet Red Army, each formation primarily seeing combat on the Eastern Front during World War II. The first formation of the 29th Rifle Corps was known ...
of the Red Army, consisting mostly of Lithuanian soldiers. In June 1941, just before the
German invasion of Russia
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
, Vitkauskas was sent to the
Military Academy of the General Staff in Moscow where he studied and later taught until early 1946. He returned to Lithuania and taught at the
University of Kaunas and
Kaunas Polytechnic Institute
Kaunas University of Technology (abbreviated as KTU, ) is a public research university located in Kaunas, Lithuania. Established in 1922, KTU has been one of the top centers of Lithuanian science education. According to Lithuanian National ...
until retirement in 1954.
*
Pavel Yegorov Pavel Vasilievich Yegorov (1889 — 1965) was a Russian military leader during the war with Ukraine and the forces of Denikin.
Born in 1889 in peasant family, during World War I Yegorov graduated a military college in Lyon, France, in 1915.
In ...
- Tsarist army captain in 1915–17, joined the Bolsheviks and led the
Yekaterinoslav Bolshevik Uprising in 1918. He also fought in World War II and died in 1965.
Yegorov
/ref>
* Pavel Zhuravlev (partisan) - A poor Cossack, he served in the Imperial Army from 1913 and fought in the Romanian Front
The Romanian Front ( ro, Frontul Românesc, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Pa ...
in World War I, reaching a lower rank and being wounded twice. In the Civil War he organized partisan detachments in Transbaikal and took part in the Bogdat battle. He reached the rank of Commander-in-chief of the Eastern Transbaikalian Front, but was deadly wounded in 1920.
* Stepan Zotov - A Don Cossack khorunzhyi and recipient of the Cross of St. George
The Cross of Saint George (russian: Георгиевский крест, Georgiyevskiy krest) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was officially known as the Decoration of t ...
in World War I, he joined the Red Army in the Civil War and was made a komkor
(russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...
on 23 November 1935. He died in a Moscow military hospital during a surgical operation in 1938.
References
Bibliography
*
*
Further reading
*
* {{cite book , last=Kotkin , first=Stephen , authorlink=Stephen Kotkin , year=2017 , title= Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941 , location=New York , publisher=Penguin , isbn=978-1-59420-380-0
Soviet Army officers
Russian military personnel of World War I
Military personnel of the Russian Empire
People of the Russian Civil War