Elections in Turkey are held for six functions of

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

presidential elections A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pr ...

(national),

parliamentary elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

(national), municipality mayors (local), district mayors (local),

provincial Provincial may refer to: Government & Administration * Provincial capitals, an administrative sub-national capital of a country * Provincial city (disambiguation) * Provincial minister (disambiguation) * Provincial Secretary, a position in Can ...

or municipal council members (local) and muhtars (local). Apart from

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

s are also held occasionally. The

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

(''Meclis'') has 600 members, elected for a five-year term by a system based on

closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some inf ...

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

according to the

D'Hondt method The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest- ...

. Political parties are subject to an

electoral threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can ...

of 7%. Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an alliance with bigger parties, in which it is sufficient that total votes of the alliance passes the 7%.

Independent candidates An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views th ...

are not subject to

. The

are held every five years. The

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re-election. There's an exception when a president's second term ends prematurely through a decision of the

. In this case, the president can be re-elected for a third term. To put forward a referendum regarding

constitutional amendment A constitutional amendment is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity. Amendments are often interwoven into the relevant sections of an existing constitution, directly altering the text. Conversely, t ...

s, a

supermajority A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority ru ...

(three fifths of the votes) in the parliament is required first. These kinds of referendums are binding. Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has mainly been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling

Justice and Development Party Justice and Development Party may refer to several political parties, the best-known ones being: * Justice and Development Party (Morocco) * Justice and Development Party (Turkey) Justice and Development Party may also refer to: * Justice and Dev ...

(AKP) tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party (DP). While on the left side of the spectrum, parties like

Republican People's Party The Republican People's Party ( tr, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, , acronymized as CHP ) is a Kemalist and social-democratic political party in Turkey which currently stands as the main opposition party. It is also the oldest political party ...

(CHP), Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) and Democratic Left Party (DSP) have enjoyed the largest electoral success on the left. The

constitutional referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president, and since 2018, the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections.

Schedule

* Bold: latest elections, ''italic'': upcoming elections

List of elections

Presidential elections

* 1980 Turkish presidential election, parties failed to elect a president to succeed Fahri Korutürk,

1980 Turkish coup d'état The 1980 Turkish coup d'état ( tr, 12 Eylül Darbesi), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by ...

ensued *

1982 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 7 November 1982. The new constitution was approved by 91.4% of voters, with a 91.3% turnout. Background In 1980 the Grand National Assembly was scheduled to elect a new President to replace Fahr ...

Kenan Evren Ahmet Kenan Evren (; 17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who served as the seventh President of Turkey from 1980 to 1989. He assumed the post by leading the 1980 military coup. On 18 June 2014, a Turkish ...

named president in new constitution until 1989 *

1989 Turkish presidential election The 1989 Turkish presidential election refers the election to choose the country's eighth president, to succeed Kenan Evren. The candidate of the governing Motherland Party (Turkey), Motherland Party (ANAP) was its leader and Prime Minister Turgut ...

, Turgut Özal succeeded Kenan Evren *

1993 Turkish presidential election The 1993 Turkish presidential election refers the election to choose the country's ninth president, to succeed Turgut Özal who had recently died. The candidate of True Path Party, DYP was Süleyman Demirel who was also supported by Social Democr ...

Süleyman Demirel Süleyman Sami Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the List of Presidents of Turkey, 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the ...

succeeded Turgut Özal *

2000 Turkish presidential election The 2000 Turkish presidential election consisted of a first round election on 27 April 2000 followed by a second round vote on 1 May and a third on 5 May. It occurred at the end of 9th president Süleyman Demirel's seven-year term in office. Ther ...

Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ahmet Necdet Sezer (; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2002. The Grand Nationa ...

succeeded Süleyman Demirel *

2007 Turkish presidential election The 2007 Turkish presidential election refers to two attempts to elect the country's President of Turkey, 11th president, to succeed Ahmet Necdet Sezer. The most likely candidate for president was Abdullah Gül. Turkey, Turkey's presidential of ...

, Abdullah Gül succeeded Ahmet Necdet Sezer *

2014 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held in Turkey on 10 August 2014 in order to elect the 12th President. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected outright with an absolute majority of the vote in the first round, making a scheduled run-off for ...

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as Lis ...

succeeded Abdullah Gül *

2018 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. They were the first direct presidential elections, following constitutional amendments approved ...

re-elected

Parliamentary elections

The following sections give list of key results. At first,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

had a unicameral legislature, with the main chamber being the

Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( tr, ), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament ( tr, or ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Consti ...

. This lasted until 1961, when the new Constitution of 1961 replaced the previous unicameral (one house) system with a

bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...

(two house) one. The

Grand National Assembly Great National Assembly or Grand National Assembly may refer to: * Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia, an assembly of Romanian delegates that declared the unification of Transylvania and Romania * Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of R ...

was downgraded to the position of the lower house whilst the newly founded Senate of the Republic became the upper house. However, the constitution of 1982 abolished the Senate and Turkey once again adopted a unicameral system.

Results summary of the past elections

1923 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey in 1923.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Association for Defence of National Rights (later Republican People's Party) w ...

– June 28, 1923 *

1927 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey in 1927.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Republican People's Party ("Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anat ...

– ''2nd round:'' July 27, 1927 – ''MP election:'' September 1, 1927 *

1931 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey in 1931.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Republican People's Party was the only party in the country at the time, as t ...

– April 25, 1931 – Total: 317 # CHP: 287 seats # Independent: 30 seats *

1935 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 8 February 1935.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Republican People's Party was the only party in the country at the ...

– February 8, 1935 *

1939 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 26 March 1939.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Republican People's Party was the only party in the country at the tim ...

– March 26, 1939 *

1943 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 28 February 1943.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 They were the last single-party elections in the country, as the Repu ...

– February 28, 1943 *

1946 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 3 ...

– July 21, 1946 – Total: 465 # CHP: 396 seats # DP: 62 seats # Independent: 7 seats *

1950 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 1950, using the multiple non-transferable vote electoral system.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p238 The result was a landsl ...

– May 14, 1950 – Total: 487 # DP: 408 seats # CHP: 69 seats # CMP: 1 seat # Independent: 9 seats *

1954 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 2 May 1954. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote. The result was a landslide victory for the Democrat Party, which won 503 of the 541 seats. Voter turnout was 88.6%. Results ...

– May 2, 1954 – Total: 541 # DP: 502 seats # CHP: 31 seats # CMP:Both CMP and CKMP succeeded MP 5 seats # Independent: 3 seats *

1957 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 27 October 1957. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote, with each electoral district electing an average of nine members. The result was a victory for the Democrat Party, which ...

– October 27, 1957 – Total: 610 # DP: 424 seats # CHP: 178 seats # CMP: 4 seats # HP: 4 seats *

1961 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 15 October 1961. The electoral system used was party-list proportional representation with the D'Hondt method in 67 electoral districts. In order to receive seats in a district, parties needed to win a Ha ...

– October 15, 1961 – Total: 450 # CHP: 173 seats # AP: 158 seats # YTP: 65 seats # CMKP: 54 seats *

1965 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 10 October 1965. The result was a victory for the Justice Party, which won 240 of the 450 seats. Voter turnout was 71.3%. Electoral system The national remnant electoral system was used. This was a two-t ...

– October 10, 1965 – Total: 450 # AP: 240 seats # CHP: 134 seats # MP: 31 seats # YTP: 19 seats # TİP: 14 seats # CMKP: 11 seats # Independent: 1 seat *

1969 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 12 October 1969. The electoral system used was party-list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method in 66 electoral districts. The result was a victory for the Justice Party, which won 256 of t ...

– October 12, 1969 – Total: 450 # AP: 256 seats # CHP: 143 seats # GP: 15 seats # BP: 8 seats # MP: 6 seats # YTP: 6 seats # TİP: 2 seats # MHP: 1 seat # Independent: 13 seats *

1973 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 14 October 1973. The Republican People's Party (CHP) emerged as the largest party, winning 185 of the 450 seats with 33% of the vote. The Justice Party (AP) led by Süleyman Demirel, which had won a major ...

– October 14, 1973 – Total: 450 # CHP: 185 seats # AP: 149 seats # MSP: 48 seats # DP: 45 seats # CGP: 13 seats # MHP: 3 seats # TBP: 1 seats # Independent: 6 *

1977 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 5 June 1977. Elections took place in the middle of a political race between the right-wing AP and the left-wing CHP. With the charismatic leadership of Bülent Ecevit, the CHP managed to beat one of the ...

– June 5, 1977 – Total: 450 # CHP: 213 seats # AP: 189 seats # MSP: 24 seats # MHP: 16 seats # CGP: 3 seats # DP: 1 seat # Independent: 4 seats *

1983 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 6 November 1983, the first since 1977 after democratic rights were abandoned after the military coup of 1980. The National Security Council banned the previous political parties from participating, leadi ...

– November 6, 1983 – Total: 399 # ANAP: 211 seats # HP: 117 seats # MDP: 71 seats *

1987 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 29 November 1987. Prior to the elections, the military junta's restrictions on former politicians were lifted, allowing them to re-enter politics. Despite a reduction in its share of the vote, the Motherl ...

– November 29, 1987 – Total: 450 # ANAP: 292 seats # SHP: 99 seats # DYP: 59 seats *

1991 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 20 October 1991, to elect members to the 19th Grand National Assembly. It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader, Turgut Özal, who had become Turkish pr ...

– October 20, 1991 – Total: 450 # DYP: 178 seats # ANAP: 115 seats # SHP: 88 seats # RP: 62 seats #

DSP DSP may refer to: Computing * Digital signal processing, the mathematical manipulation of an information signal * Digital signal processor, a microprocessor designed for digital signal processing * Yamaha DSP-1, a proprietary digital signal ...

: 7 seats *

1995 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday 24 December 1995, triggered by the newly re-established Republican People's Party's (CHP) withdrawal from a coalition government with the True Path Party (DYP). The coalition had been in government ...

– December 24, 1995 – Total: 550 # RP: 158 seats # DYP: 135 seats # ANAP: 132 seats #

: 76 seats # SHP: 49 seats *

1999 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday, 18 April 1999. For the first time, local, council and parliamentary elections were held on the same day. Bülent Ecevit's Democratic Left Party (DSP) had been soaring in popularity after the captu ...

– April 18, 1999 – Total: 550 #

: 136 seats # MHP: 129 seats # FP: 111 seats # ANAP: 86 seats # DYP: 85 seats # Independent: 3 seats *

2002 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 3 November 2002 following the collapse of the Democratic Left Party–Nationalist Movement Party– Motherland Party coalition led by Bülent Ecevit. All 550 members of the Grand National Assembly were ...

– November 3, 2002 – Total: 555 #

AK Party The Justice and Development Party ( tr, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, ; AKP), abbreviated officially AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democrat. It is one of the two major parties of contemporar ...

: 363 seats # CHP: 178 seats # Independent: 9 seats *

2007 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 22 July 2007 to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly. Originally scheduled for November, the elections were brought forward after parliament failed to elect a new president to replace Ahmet ...

– July 22, 2007 – Total: 550 #

: 341 seats # CHP: 112 seats # MHP: 71 seats # Independent: 26 seats (included 20 members of the Democratic Society Party) *

2011 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 12 June 2011 to elect the 550 members of Grand National Assembly. In accordance to the result of the constitutional referendum held in 2007, the elections were held four years after the previous elections ...

– June 12, 2011 – Total: 550 #

: 327 seats # CHP: 135 seats # MHP: 53 seats # Independent: 35 seats (included 29 members of the

Peace and Democracy Party The Peace and Democracy Party ( tr, Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi, ku, Partiya Aştî û Demokrasiyê, BDP) was a Kurdish political party in Turkey existing from 2008 to 2014. Development BDP succeeded the Democratic Society Party (DTP) in 20 ...

) *

June 2015 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 7 June 2015 to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly. This was the 24th general election in the history of the Turkish Republic, electing the country's 25th Parliament. The result was the f ...

– June 7, 2015 – Total: 550 #

: 258 seats # CHP: 132 seats # MHP: 80 seats # HDP: 80 seats *

November 2015 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 1 November 2015 to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly. They were the 25th general elections in the History of the Republic of Turkey and elected the country's 26th Parliament. The electio ...

– November 1, 2015 – Total: 550 #

: 317 seats # CHP: 134 seats # HDP: 59 seats # MHP: 40 seats *

2018 Turkish parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018 as part of general elections, with presidential elections taking place on the same day. Originally scheduled for 3 November 2019, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called snap elections on ...

, as part of the

2018 Turkish general election General elections were held in Turkey on 24 June 2018. 2018 Turkish presidential election, Presidential elections were held to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. 2018 Turkish parliamentary election, Parliamentary elections to ...

– June 24, 2018 – Total: 600 #

: 295 seats # CHP: 146 seats # HDP: 67 seats # MHP: 49 seats # İYİ: 43 seats

Senate elections 1961–80

Local elections

The Turkish administrative system defines three different district types for local elections: villages, cities and metropolitan cities. The difference between cities and metropolitan cities derives from the size of the

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

. Cities with more than 750,000 residents are labeled as metropolitan cities while the rest are simply called cities. There are 31 metropolitan cities and 50 cities across Turkey, and voters in both will have a total of four votes. Depending on the type of area the citizen lives, he or she has the opportunity to cast vote for the following offices: People living in metropolitan cities: * Metropolitan municipality mayor * District mayor * Municipal council members * Muhtar People living in cities: * Mayor * Municipal council members * Provincial assembly members * Muhtar People living in villages: * Provincial assembly members * Muhtar The following is a summary of the past local elections. * 1930 Turkish local elections ** CHP: 502 municipalities ** SCF: 40 municipalities * 1934 Turkish local elections * 1938 Turkish local elections *

1942 Turkish local elections Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe co ...

* 1946 Turkish local elections ** CHP: 54.65% ** DP: 43.35% * 1950 Turkish local elections – September 3, 1950 ** DP: 560 municipalities ** CHP: 40 municipalities * 1955 Turkish local elections *

1963 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 17 November 1963. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provi ...

– November 17, 1963 ** AP: 45.48% ** CHP: 36.22% ** YTP: 6.51% ** MP: 3.09% ** CKMP: 3.06% ** TİP: 0.4% ** ...others *

1968 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 2 June 1968. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provinci ...

– June 2, 1968 ** AP: 49.06% ** CHP: 27.9% ** GP: 6.62% ** MP: 3.5% ** TİP: 2.72% ** BP: 1.64% ** ...others *

1973 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 9 December 1973. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Prov ...

– December 9, 1973 ** CHP: 37.09% ** AP: 32.32% ** DP: 10.75% ** MSP: 6.2% ** CGP: 2.9% ** MHP: 1.33% ** ...others *

1977 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 11 December 1977. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provin ...

– December 11, 1977 ** CHP: 41.73% ** AP: 37.1% ** MSP: 6.91% ** MHP: 6.62% ** DP: 1.0% ** ...others *

1984 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 25 March 1984. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, ) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provincial assemblies ...

– March 25, 1984 ** ANAP: 41.52% ** SODEP: 23.35% ** DYP: 13.25% ** HP: 8.76% ** MDP: 7.09% ** RP: 4.4% ** Independent: 1.63% *

1989 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 26 March 1989. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments ( tr, İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections. Results Provin ...

– March 26, 1989 ** SHP: 28.69% ** DYP: 25.13% ** ANAP: 21.8% ** RP: 9.8% **

: 9.03% ** MHP: 4.14% ** ...others *

1994 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 27 March 1994. Results Provincial assemblies Metropolitan municipality mayors Mayor of other municipalities References External linksResults of the local elections (in Turkish) {{Recep Tayyip Erdo� ...

– March 27, 1994 ** DYP: 21.41% ** ANAP: 21.09% ** RP: 19.14% ** SHP: 13.53% **

: 8.75% ** MHP: 7.95% ** CHP: 4.61% ** ...others *

1999 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on April 18, 1999. Results Metropolitan municipality mayors Mayor of other municipalities References External linksResults of the local elections (in Turkish) {{Turkish elections Local elections in Tu ...

– April 18, 1999 **

: 18.7% ** MHP: 17.17% ** FP: 16.48% ** ANAP: 15.03% ** DYP: 13.21% ** CHP: 11.08% ** ...others *

2004 Turkish local elections The Turkish local elections of 2004 were held throughout the eighty-one Provinces of Turkey on 28 March 2004 in order to elect both mayors and councillors to local government positions. All 16 metropolitan and 3,193 district municipalities were u ...

– March 28, 2004 ** AKP: 41.6% ** CHP: 18.2% ** MHP: 10.4% ** DYP: 9.9% *

2009 Turkish local elections Local elections were held in Turkey on 29 March 2009. The overall winner was the ruling party Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party, although the party saw a decline in its vote relative to the 2007 Turkish general ...

– March 22, 2009 ** AKP: 38.99% ** CHP: 23.23% ** MHP: 16.13% ** ...others *

2014 Turkish local elections Local elections (formal: local authority general elections, Turkish: ''Mahalli İdareler Genel Seçimi'' or simply ''Yerel Seçimleri'') were held in Turkey on 30 March 2014, with some repeated on 1 June 2014. Metropolitan and district mayors as ...

– March 30, 2014 ** AKP: 43.31% ** CHP: 25.59% ** MHP: 17.63% ** ...others *

2019 Turkish local elections The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey. A total of 30 metropolitan and 1,351 district municipal mayors, alongside 1,251 provincial and 20,500 municipal councillors were elected, ...

– March 31, 2019 ** AKP: 44.32% ** CHP: 30.10% ** İYİ: 7.45% ** ...others

By-elections

If too many seats become vacant in the parliament or if elections in a district is not properly conducted, then a by-election is required to take place. * 1936 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1945 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1947 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1948 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1949 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1951 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1966 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1968 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1975 Turkish parliamentary by-elections * 1979 Turkish parliamentary by-elections *

1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections The Turkish parliamentary by-elections of 1986 were held on 28 September 1986 in order to elect 11 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The by-elections were held as a result of the vacation of 11 seats throughout the co ...

* 2003 Turkish parliamentary by-elections

Referendums

1961 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 9 July 1961. Following the coup d'état the previous year, a new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with an 81.0% turnout.Dieter Nohlen, F ...

1987 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 6 September 1987 to amend the "temporary article" 4 of the constitution, which had forbidden the leaders of banned parties (a total of 242 people) from taking part in politics for 10 years. The go ...

* 1988 Turkish constitutional referendum *

2007 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum on electoral reform was held in Turkey on 21 October 2007. After the aborted attempt to elect the next president in May 2007, the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan introduced substantial electoral reforms in parliame ...

2010 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum on a number of changes to the constitution was held in Turkey on 12 September 2010. The results showed the majority supported the constitutional amendments, with 58% in favour and 42% against.2017 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement ...

Voter turnout

The

voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Unive ...

for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%; of the local elections is 78.7% and of the referendums is 83.1%. Turkey relatively has a high voter turnout rate comparing to modern democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where

compulsory voting Compulsory voting, also called mandatory voting, is the requirement in some countries that eligible citizens register and vote in elections. Penalties might be imposed on those who fail to do so without a valid reason. According to the CIA World F ...

is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.

References

External links

Elections in Turkey - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Supreme Election Council
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elections In Turkey