Tropical Activity is Ramping Up This September (48760316027)

During 2019, tropical cyclones formed within seven different

tropical cyclone basins Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the north Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the northern Pacific Ocean, the southwestern Pacific, the southwestern and southeastern Ind ...

, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 150 systems formed with 102 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest

tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depen ...

of the year was

Typhoon Halong The name Halong has been used to name four tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name was contributed by Vietnam after Halong Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage site and popular tourist attraction in northern Vietnam. * Typhoon Halong ...

, which was estimated to have a minimum

barometric pressure Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars, 7 ...

of , Halong also has the highest wind-speed, with 1-minute sustained wind speed of . Similar to the previous year, 2019 was above average in terms of the number of storms. The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific, which documented 29 named systems. The

Eastern Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

had an average season, although many of the storms were rather weak and short-lived, therefore the number of hurricanes was the least since 2010 (7). The

North Atlantic hurricane An Atlantic hurricane, also known as tropical storm or simply hurricane, is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, primarily between the months of June and November. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of ...

season experienced an above average number of

tropical storm A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dependi ...

intensity systems, numbering 18, though most were rather weak and short-lived, especially late in the season. In the

North Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), Australia to the east. To the so ...

basin it was extremely active, breaking many records. This included

Cyclone Kyarr Super Cyclonic Storm Kyarr was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that became the first super cyclonic storm in the North Indian Ocean since Gonu in 2007. It was also the second strongest tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea and one of the mos ...

, the second-strongest

Arabian Sea The Arabian Sea ( ar, اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Bahr al-ˁArabī) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel ...

Cyclone on record and one of the strongest cyclone ever in the North Indian Ocean. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins – South-West Indian,

Australian Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal A ...

, and South Pacific – was fairly significant, with the regions recording 25 named storms altogether, with the most intense Southern Hemisphere cyclone of the year, Cyclone Ambali from the Southwest Indian Ocean basin peaking at and 930 millibars. Eight Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 2019. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Intense Tropical Cyclone Idai in the South-West Indian Ocean, which killed at least 1,303 people in

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeas ...

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and ...

, and

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

and the costliest tropical cyclone of the year was

Typhoon Hagibis Typhoon Hagibis, known in Japan as Typhoon No.19 or , was a large and costly tropical cyclone that caused widespread destruction in Japan. The thirty-eighth depression, ninth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, ...

in the Western Pacific Ocean, which caused more than $15 billion in damage after striking Japan. __TOC__

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

There is a previous

El Niño El Niño (; ; ) is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International Date ...

episode continuing from last year, and new El Niño episode started this year, lasting until 2020.

Summary

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Kenneth Kenneth is an English given name and surname. The name is an Anglicised form of two entirely different Gaelic personal names: ''Cainnech'' and '' Cináed''. The modern Gaelic form of ''Cainnech'' is ''Coinneach''; the name was derived from a byn ...

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Lili ''Lili'' is a 1953 American film released by MGM. It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets. The film won the Academy Award for ...

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Ann Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...

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Vayu Vayu (, sa, वायु, ), also known as Vata and Pavana, is the Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine massenger of the gods. In the '' Vedic scriptures'', Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king of ...

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Barry Barry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Barry (name), including lists of people with the given name, nickname or surname, as well as fictional characters with the given name * Dancing Barry, stage name of Barry Richards (born c. 19 ...

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Francisco Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name '' Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed " Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father o ...

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Ivo Ivo is a masculine given name, in use in various European languages. The name used in western European languages originates as a Normannic name recorded since the High Middle Ages, and the French name Yves is a variant of it. The unrelated So ...

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Humberto Humberto is a Portuguese and Spanish masculine given name of Germanic origin. It may refer to: *Humberto Aguilar Coronado *Humberto Ak'ab'al * Humberto Albiñana * Humberto Albornoz * Humberto Alonso Morelli * Humberto Alonso Razo * Humberto Andrad ...

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Tapah Tapah is a town and the capital of Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia. Name The name "Tapah" is said to be originated from the name of a freshwater fish, ''"Ikan Tapah"''. The scientific name of the fish is ''Wallago leeri''. The loc ...

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Karen Karen may refer to: * Karen (name), a given name and surname * Karen (slang), a term and meme for a demanding woman displaying certain behaviors People * Karen people, an ethnic group in Myanmar and Thailand ** Karen languages or Karenic l ...

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Melissa Melissa is a female given name. The name comes from the Greek word μέλισσα (''mélissa''), "bee", which in turn comes from μέλι (''meli''), "honey". In Hittite, ''melit'' signifies "honey". ''Melissa'' also refers to the plant ''Me ...

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Pablo Pablo is a Spanish form of the name Paul. People *Pablo Alborán, Spanish singer *Pablo Aimar, Argentine footballer * Pablo Armero, Colombian footballer * Pablo Bartholomew, Indian photojournalist * Pablo Brandán, Argentine footballer * Pablo Br ...

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North Atlantic Ocean

2019_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map

The North Atlantic Ocean experienced their fourth-most active season on record, tied with

1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...

, at 18 named storms. Most of the storms were weak and short-lived, possibly because of moderately high wind shear that persisted throughout the season. Sea surface temperatures, however, were quite high for tropical cyclone development. Saharan dust counts were fairly sedate throughout the month of September. Andrea,

, and

Rebekah Rebecca, ; Syriac: , ) from the Hebrew (lit., 'connection'), from Semitic root , 'to tie, couple or join', 'to secure', or 'to snare') () appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau. According to biblical ...

were the only storms to become subtropical storms throughout some portion of their lives (Andrea and Rebekah were subtropical for their whole lives). The North Atlantic basin featured a record fifth consecutive year for tropical or subtropical development before the month of June, which the record continues when Tropical Storms Arthur and Bertha form on May 16 and 27, 2020, yet marking the sixth year of tropical development before the season actually starts. The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season featured 20 tropical depressions, 18 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes with 2 as Category 5 hurricanes.

Hurricane Dorian Hurricane Dorian was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Category 5 Atlantic hurricane, which became the most intense tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas, and tied for strongest landfall in the Atlantic basin. It is also rega ...

was the strongest tropical cyclone for the basin in 2019. Dorian peaked with a strength of 185 miles per hour, and peaked at an intensity of 910 hPa/mbar. Dorian is the record-tying strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricane. The record is tied with the Great 1935 Labor Day hurricane. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index value for the individual basin is 132 units, which is only dubbed "above normal", despite the high count of named storms of 18.

Eastern & Central Pacific Ocean

2019_Pacific_hurricane_season_summary_map

The Eastern portions of the Pacific Ocean was only moderately active, likely because of a weakening El Niño trend that started in late July. The 2019 Pacific hurricane season featured 21 tropical depressions, 19 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The first tropical depression didn't form until June 25; which is the latest start on record, since reliable records were kept in 1971, that a first tropical cyclone ever formed. Alvin, the first tropical storm of the season, did eventually become the first hurricane of the 2019 Pacific hurricane season. Barbara, the strongest hurricane of the basin in 2019, was short-lived. However, Barbara did eventually undergo rapid intensification and peaked as a high end Category 4 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Barbara encountered large portions of wind shear and weakened very rapidly. Barbara's remnants did eventually reach Hawaii, but little to no damage was reported. No hurricanes formed in August. It wasn't until September 1 that the next hurricane formed; Juliette; a high-end Category 3 major hurricane. Tropical Storm Akoni was the first storm of the Central Pacific, as well as the second time the name has been used; the first usage was in 1982. Hurricane Kiko was the longest-lived Pacific hurricane of 2019 that tracked mostly over open waters. Lorena was the most serious hurricane of the season, but minor damage was reported. Tropical Storm Narda did make small impacts in Mexico, but they weren't too serious. Tropical Storm Ema was the second and last storm of the Central Pacific. Tropical Depression Twenty-One-E concluded the season when it dissipated on November 17. The total ACE in the basin is 97.9875 units, which is considered "near normal".

Western Pacific Ocean

The Western Pacific typhoon region was fairly above average. It was the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, breaking the record set by the previous year. the 2019 Pacific typhoon season featured 51 tropical depressions, 29 tropical storms, 17 typhoons, and 5 (unofficial) super typhoons, with 4 attaining Category 5 status. Typhoon Wutip was a rare February Category 5 super typhoon. No other storms strengthened to typhoons until Typhoon Francisco formed in early August. Typhoon Lekima followed it, which later caused extensive damage in South China. Many more tropical storms and typhoons followed. Typhoon Hagibis was the costliest typhoon of the season and on record, inflicting US$15 billion after making landfall on Japan as a Category 1 typhoon. (unadjusted for 2020 inflation). Typhoon Halong became the most intense storm of the season, as well as the most intense of the whole year, peaking at 905 hPa. Typhoons Kammuri and Phanfone wreaked major havoc in the Philippines in December 2019; Kammuri with its Category 4 landfall, and Phanfone with its high death toll as a prolonged Category 2 typhoon. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of this season amounted to 269 units, which is considered "above normal".

North Indian Ocean

The season was the most active North Indian Ocean cyclone season ever recorded in terms of cyclonic storms, though the

1992 season Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the ...

saw more tropical storms according to the

Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...

. The season featured 12 depressions, 11 deep depressions, 8 cyclonic storms, a record 6 severe cyclonic storms, a record 6 very severe cyclonic storms, a record 3 extremely severe cyclonic storms, and 1 super cyclonic storm, Kyarr, the first since

Cyclone Gonu Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that became the strongest cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea. The second named tropical cyclone of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Gonu developed from a persist ...

in 2007. Additionally, it was also the third-costliest season recorded in the North Indian Ocean, only behind the

2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in t ...

and

2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...

seasons. Amid a weak

event, the season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record, tying with the 2014 season. The second cyclonic storm of the season, Fani, formed on April 26. Fani became an extremely severe cyclonic storm on April 30, reaching the equivalent of Category 5 status on the

Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms—into five categories distinguished b ...

, then made landfall in India killing 89 people between

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

and

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

; Fani caused $8.1 billion in damage. In early June, a strong pulse of the

Madden–Julian oscillation The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It was discovered in 1971 by Roland Madden and Paul Julian of the American National Center for Atmospheric ...

(MJO) led to the development of the third cyclonic storm,

, which formed June 10 in the

near the

Maldives Maldives (, ; dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, translit=Dhivehi Raajje, ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, translit=Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, label=none, ), is an archipelag ...

. The storm subsequently intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on June 12, after moving northwestward towards northwestern India and Pakistan. No tropical cyclones formed in the month of July. Deep Depression BOB 03 formed on August 7 before impacting

East India East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The region roughly corresponds to the historical region of Magadh ...

and

. In late September, Deep Depression ARB 02 formed near

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

and intensified into the fourth cyclonic storm of the season, Hikaa. Cyclonic Storm Kyarr formed on October 24 and three days later became the first super cyclonic storm since

in 2007. The sixth cyclonic storm and a record-breaking fifth very severe cyclonic storm, Cyclone Maha, formed on October 30 after Kyarr dissipated on November 1. Soon afterward, on November 6, the remnants of Severe Tropical Storm Matmo crossed the Southeast Asia overland and again consolidated into a depression. It further rapidly intensified into Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul. Three more Deep Depressions formed in Arabian Sea in quick succession early in the month of December, of which one strengthened into the eighth cyclone of the season, Cyclone Pawan, which made landfall in

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

on December 6. The high amount of activity in the Arabian Sea was related to the strongest

Indian Ocean Dipole The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), also known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer (positive phase) and then colder (negative phase) than the eastern ...

in 60 years, in which the waters are warmer in the western Indian Ocean than the eastern. Tropical cyclones have been recorded in the North Indian Ocean since 1891. The 2019 season was the first since 1902 that experienced the development of six severe cyclonic storms out of eight cyclonic storms; in 1902, five cyclonic storms formed and four of them became severe cyclonic storms. The season has also produced the most accumulated cyclone energy in this basin on record.

South-West Indian Ocean

January–June

The 2018–19 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the costliest and the most active season ever recorded since reliable records began in 1967. Additionally, it is also the deadliest cyclone season recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean, surpassing the 1891–92 season, in which the

1892 Mauritius cyclone On 29 April 1892, a powerful tropical cyclone struck the island of Mauritius in the South-West Indian Ocean. At least 1,200 people died during the storm, and another 4,000 people were injured, with 50,000 people left homeless, making the cyclone ...

devastated the island of

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label= Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It ...

. Two moderate tropical storms formed at the start of this year, Desmond and Eketsang. Five more intense tropical cyclones formed during February and March: Funani, Gelena, Haleh, Idai, and Joaninha. In addition, Savannah crossed into the basin from the Australian basin as an intense tropical cyclone in March. Of these storms, all of them but Haleh and Savannah produced impacts on land, with Idai causing at least 1,303 deaths and leaving at least 2,262 people missing, and causing US$2.2 billion in damages in

, and

. The season set a new record of nine intense tropical cyclones, the largest number since the start of reliable satellite coverage in 1967, surpassing the 2006–07 season.

July–December

The 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above-average season in

and

subtropical cyclone A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of both tropical and an extratropical cyclone. As early as the 1950s, meteorologists were uncertain whether they should be characterized as tropical or extratropical cyclon ...

formation west of 90°E. The season officially began on 15 November, however, the formation of the first system—Zone of Disturbed Weather 01—occurred on 22 July 2019 (which failed to organize into a tropical depression), well before the official start of the season. This was the earliest start to a season since the 2016–17 season. For the second consecutive year in a row, the first system formed before the official start of the season. Afterwards, three storms formed in the month of December: Tropical Cyclone Belna on 2 December, which brought flooding and strong wind to northwestern

, Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali, which formed a day later and became the first very intense tropical cyclone in the basin since Fantala in 2016, and Tropical Cyclone Calvinia which stalled near

and brought heavy rain and moderate flooding to the island nation towards the end of the month, crossing into 2020.

Australian region

January–June

The 2018–19 Australian region cyclone season was an average season that saw the formation of 11

s, six of which intensified further to become severe tropical cyclones. The season officially began on 1 November 2018 and concluded on 30 April 2019; however, as evidenced by Tropical Low Liua in September 2018 and Tropical Cyclones

and

in May 2019, tropical cyclones can form at any time of the year. As such, any system existing between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2019 would count towards the season total. This was the first Australian tropical cyclone season since 2014–15 to feature at least six severe tropical cyclones. It was also the third season in a row to begin prior to the official commencement date of 1 November, in this instance with the development of Tropical Low Liua on 26 September 2018. The most active month was December 2018, with a total of seven tropical lows existing in the region at some time during the month. The three strongest storms of the season—Veronica, Trevor and Savannah—all developed in March 2019, and together affected all three of the Bureau of Meteorology's Australian sub-regions as severe tropical cyclones. Overall, a total of five tropical cyclones existed within each of the three sub-regions throughout the season, representing an above-average season for both the Eastern Region and the Northern Region, but a below-average season for the Western Region. The season concluded much later than usual, and well after the official ending date of 30 April. Two tropical cyclones developed during May—Lili in the eastern

Indonesian archipelago The islands of Indonesia, also known as the Indonesian Archipelago ( id, Kepulauan Indonesia) or Nusantara, may refer either to the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands. History ...

and Ann in the Coral Sea—both of which made landfall as tropical lows after weakening from tropical cyclone intensity. At its peak, Ann was a Category 2 tropical cyclone, and was the strongest storm to form in the Australian region during May since Severe Tropical Cyclone Rhonda in 1997. In total, eight systems were named by the BOM during the season, with two named by the BMKG and one by the FMS.

July–December

The 2019–20 season was a below average

season for the waters surrounding Australia between longitudes 90°E and 160°E. A total of eight tropical cyclones formed during the season, which represents the region's least active season since the 2016–17 season. Three systems intensified further into severe tropical cyclones, and three systems made landfall within the region at tropical cyclone intensity. The season had an unusually late start with the first system, Blake, forming in early January, well after the official start of the season. Blake would later make landfall in northwestern Australia and soon degenerate afterwards. At the same time, Claudia, another tropical cyclone, formed. It persisted for two weeks and reached category 3 on the Australian tropical cyclone scale before dissipating west of Australia. Later that month, a tropical low formed and lasted for a week before dissipating in late January without been named. Three other tropical lows formed in late January and early February. One of them dissipated later. Another one of them has been moving in and out of the Australian region. It was designated 06F by the

Fiji Meteorological Service The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based on the grounds of Nadi Airport in Nadi. The current director of Fiji Meteorological Service is Misaeli Funak ...

. The third one intensified into Cyclone Damien. In late February, 2 new tropical lows formed, and were named Esther and Ferdinand. Esther didn't strengthen much, but Ferdinand went on to become a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, equivalent to a Category 2 Atlantic hurricane.

South Pacific Ocean

January–June

July – December

The 2019–20 season was a slightly above-average season in which

tropical cyclones A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dependi ...

formed within the

South Pacific Ocean South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz ...

to the east of 160°E. The season has been near-average in terms of activity, with eight tropical cyclones and four severe tropical cyclones forming during the season. The season began with the arrival of Tropical Depression 01F on November 22, near the

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its capit ...

, which would later become Tropical Cyclone Rita. Rita would then peak as a Category 3 on the Australian scale. Tropical Disturbance 02F was designated sometime later, but didn't last long after that. Sarai formed on December 23, lasting into the new year before finally ceasing to exist on January 2. Not too long after that, Tino formed and affected eastern Fiji and the surrounding area before dissipating. On January 24, a depression formed and dissipated the next day without been named. In early February, another low originally in the Australian region crossed the

160th meridian east The meridian 160° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 160th meridian east forms a great circle wi ...

and emerged in the South Pacific. It strengthened into severe tropical cyclone Uesi and affected New Caledonia and New Zealand. In mid-February four disturbances formed, 07F, 08F, 09F and 10F. 07F & 08F dissipated before becoming tropical depressions but the other 2 strengthened into tropical cyclones Vicky and Wasi. In mid March, Gretel entered the basin. It dissipated shortly afterwards. In early April, Harold also entered the basin from the Australian region. It rapidly intensified into a Category 5 Severe tropical cyclone as it impacted

Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no ...

South Atlantic Ocean

There are two systems that formed during this year, Iba and Jaguar. Iba was the first tropical storm to develop in the basin since Anita in 2010, as well as the first fully tropical system to be named from the Brazilian naming list, while Jaguar was a subtropical storm that failed to develop.

Mediterranean sea

Two medicanes formed in this year, Scott and Trudy (Detlef).

Systems

January

The month of January was inactive, with only eight tropical cyclones forming, of which five were named. However, Tropical Storm Pabuk was the earliest-forming tropical storm of the western Pacific Ocean on record, breaking the previous record held by Typhoon Alice in

1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...

. Pabuk killed 10 people in

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...

and

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

, causing $151 million (US$2019) in damage. Moderate Tropical Storm Eketsang killed 27 people in

in late-January.

February

The month of February was inactive, with only ten tropical cyclones forming, of which seven were named. However, Typhoon Wutip became the most-intense typhoon recorded in the month of February.

March

Ten tropical cyclones formed in the month of March, including six named tropical cyclones. A total of five systems strengthened into the equivalent of at least a Category 3 major hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS)—the first such occurrence since September 2018. The month featured Cyclone Idai, which is currently the deadliest tropical cyclone of the year, responsible for 1,007 deaths in southern Africa. Idai was also the costliest cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean basin, inflicting more than $2 billion (USD) in damages. Tropical Storm Iba became the first tropical cyclone to develop in the South Atlantic since Anita in 2010.

April

April was an inactive month with six cyclones forming, of which four were named. Cyclone Kenneth became the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in

on record. Kenneth killed 48 people, of which 41 were killed in the country of Mozambique. Cyclone Fani struck parts of India and Bangladesh, killing 72 people in

, 17 people in Bangladesh, and 8 in

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...

May

May was a relatively inactive month with eight tropical cyclones forming. Four of these tropical cyclones reached the required intensity threshold to receive official names. Cyclone Lili developed at the beginning of the Australian region off-season, and struck

East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-west ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...

, with rainfall-induced flooding causing minor damage to infrastructure and residential property. Cyclone Ann, another off-season Australian system, developed into a strong tropical storm on the SSHWS, and made landfall in Far North Queensland as a tropical low. Ann was the strongest Australian cyclone to develop in May since Rhonda in 1997. A subtropical storm named Jaguar formed in the South Atlantic, marking the second South Atlantic cyclone of the year, the first time two have occurred in the same year since 2016. The formation of the short-lived Subtropical Storm Andrea to the southwest of

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began the Atlantic hurricane season early for the fifth year in a row.

June

June was an inactive month in terms of the number of tropical cyclones formed, with only four systems occurring in total. June 1 also marked the official commencement of the Atlantic hurricane season. After the year's longest period without any cyclone activity, the first system in the

for the

2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the most active North Indian Ocean cyclone season on record, in terms of cyclonic storms, however the 1992 season was more active according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The season featured 12 ...

formed on June 10. Named Vayu, the system intensified into a high-end very severe cyclonic storm on the Indian scale, equivalent to a minimal Category 3 major hurricane on the SSHWS. Late in the month, Hurricane Alvin became the first tropical cyclone of the Eastern Pacific hurricane season, marking the latest start to the season since reliable records began in 1971. A tropical depression briefly reached tropical storm intensity near Japan on 27 June, and was named Sepat. The cyclone was the first tropical storm to form in the western Pacific in four months.

July

The month of July was the third most active month in terms of total tropical cyclones and in terms of named storms in the year, with thirteen tropical cyclones forming, of which nine were named, behind August. Among these storms, Hurricane Barry made landfall between

Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...

and

Southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical region of the United States. It is located broadly on the eastern portion of the southern United States and the southern por ...

as tropical storm, causing US$500 million in damages and one person was indirectly killed by the storm.

August

The month of August was the second-most active of the year with eighteen tropical cyclones forming, with fourteen being named, out of all the cyclones,

in the Atlantic was the strongest to form and the second deadliest of the month, with 84 confirmed deaths, and

Typhoon Lekima Typhoon Lekima, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Hanna, was the second-costliest typhoon in Chinese history. The ninth named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Lekima originated from a tropical depression that formed east of the Phili ...

became the second most costliest storm in Chinese history (behind

Typhoon Fitow Typhoon Fitow, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Quedan, was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Mainland China during October since 1949. The 21st named storm of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season, Fitow developed on September 29 to t ...

of 2013), as well as the deadliest storm of the month, with 105 fatalities.

September

The month of September was the most active of the year with twenty-five tropical cyclones forming, with seventeen being named. Out of all the cyclones, Hurricane Lorenzo in the Atlantic is the most intense of the month and become one of the largest and most powerful category 5 hurricanes on record for the central tropical Atlantic in the satellite era. Tropical Storm Fernand caused heavy flooding in Northwest Mexico, killing one person and causing at least $213 million in damage. The activity of the month in the Eastern Pacific became a record-tying most active in the month between 1966, 1992,

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...

1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...

and 2005 forming six named storms in the basin. Severe Tropical Storm (later Typhoon) Tapah (Nimfa) worsened the flooding situation in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. No tropical cyclones were formed in South Atlantic.

October

The month of October as fairly active, with formation of

, made landfall in Tokyo, Japan, becoming the worst typhoon in Japanese history since Ida in 1958. Hurricane Pablo became the easternmost Atlantic storm to ever strengthen into a hurricane, breaking

Hurricane Vince Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin. Forming in October during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, it strengthened over waters thought to be too cold for tropical development. Vince was the ...

's record.

Cyclone Matmo–Bulbul Severe Tropical Storm Matmo and Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul (JTWC designation: ''23W'') were a pair of very damaging tropical cyclones that tracked in the western Pacific Ocean and the north Indian Ocean in October and November 2019, killi ...

was a pair of very damaging

. Matmo caused extensive damage in

during the end period of the month October, with damage US$165 million. Bulbul caused extensive damage in

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...

during the early period of the month November, with damage US$3.37 billion.

November

The month of November was relatively inactive, with only nine tropical cyclones forming. However,

became the strongest storm of the year, peaking with a minimum central pressure of 905 millibars. Typhoon Nakri, far earlier in the month, and

Typhoon Kammuri Typhoon Kammuri, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tisoy, was a powerful typhoon which impacted the Philippines in early December 2019. The twenty-eighth named storm and sixteenth typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Kammuri developed ...

, near the end of the month, both lashed parts of the

with heavy rainfall and strong wind, killing 34 people in the country in total. Additionally, Tropical Cyclone Rita became the first cyclone of the

2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season The 2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly above-average season in which tropical cyclones formed within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, however a ...

December

The month of December was only slightly active, with nine tropical cyclones forming but only six tropical cyclones being named. However, Ambali became the strongest storm of the month, peaking with a minimum central pressure of 930 millibars and maximum sustained winds of , thus becoming the first very intense tropical cyclone and Category 5 in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale in the basin since Fantala in 2016 while also becoming the first named cyclone of the

2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season The 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above-average season in tropical cyclone and subtropical cyclone formation west of 90°E. The season officially began on 15 November, however, the formation of the first system& ...

. Adding to the season,

Cyclone Belna Tropical Cyclone Belna was a strong tropical cyclone that made landfall over northwestern Madagascar in December 2019, becoming the first to do so since Cyclone Hellen, Hellen in 2013-14 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, 2014. Belna's precu ...

formed and made a destructive landfall in northwestern

, killing 9 people. Additionally, before becoming the last typhoon of the

2019 Pacific typhoon season The 2019 Pacific typhoon season was the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record, just ahead of the previous year. The season featured fairly above-average tropical cyclone activity for the second consecutive year, producing 29 named storms, ...

, Typhoon Phanfone made a devastating landfall in the Philippines on Christmas Eve causing over ₱3,39 billion (US$67.2 million) in damage and leaving 50 people in the nation dead.

Global effects

Notes

¹ Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2019 are counted in the seasonal totals.
² Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2019 are counted in the seasonal totals.
³ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
⁴ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
⁵The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.

References

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...

and the

Météo-France – La Reunion
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Service
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service
nbsp;– South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S {{DEFAULTSORT:Tropical cyclones in 2019 Tropical cyclones by year 2019 Atlantic hurricane season 2019 Pacific hurricane season 2019 Pacific typhoon season 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 2018–19 Australian region cyclone season 2019–20 Australian region cyclone season 2018–19 South Pacific cyclone season 2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season 2018–19 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2019-related lists

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

Summary

North Atlantic Ocean

Eastern & Central Pacific Ocean

Western Pacific Ocean

North Indian Ocean

South-West Indian Ocean

January–June

July–December

Australian region

January–June

July–December

South Pacific Ocean

January–June

July – December

South Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean sea

Systems

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Global effects

See also

Notes

References

External links