Pomatiopsidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of small, mainly

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

s, (some also occur in other habitats) that have

gills A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...

and an operculum, aquatic

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily

Truncatelloidea Truncatelloidea is a superfamily of snails, gastropod mollusks in the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P. (2013). ''Truncatelloidea''. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=72 ...

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Pomatiopsidae are well known as

intermediate host In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' (symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include a ...

s of Asian

schistosome ''Schistosoma'' is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed ''schistosomiasis'', which is considered by the World Health Organi ...

Distribution

Species in the family Pomatiopsidae occur worldwide. The generic diversity of Pomatiopsinae is particularly high in the

Japanese Archipelago The Japanese archipelago (Japanese: 日本列島, ''Nihon rettō'') is a archipelago, group of 6,852 islands that form the country of Japan, as well as the Russian island of Sakhalin. It extends over from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to t ...

, where four of the eight genera, including two endemics, are recorded. The subfamily Triculinae radiated as aquatic snails in freshwater habitats in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

Description

The American malacologist

William Stimpson William Stimpson (February 14, 1832 – May 26, 1872) was a noted American scientist. He was interested particularly in marine biology. Stimpson became an important early contributor to the work of the Smithsonian Institution and later, direc ...

first defined this taxon as Pomatiopsinae in 1865. Stimpson W. (1865). "Researches upon the Hydrobiinae and allied forms chiefly made upon materials in the museum of the

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

". '' Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' 7'
(201)
1-59
page 4
Stimpson's diagnosis reads as follows:

Subfamilies

The family Pomatiopsidae consists of 2 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) that follows classification by Davis (1979):Davis G. M. (1979). "The origin and evolution of the gastropod family Pomatiopsidae, with emphasis on the Mekong river Triculinae". ''

Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1812, by many of the leading natura ...

'', Monograph 20: 1-120. . * Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865 - synonyms: Hemibiinae Heude, 1890; Tomichiinae Wenz, 1938; Coxiellidae Iredale, 1943; Oncomelaniidae Salisbury & Edwards, 1961; Cecininae Starobogatov, 1983 * Subfamily Triculinae Annandale, 1924 ** tribe Triculuni Annandale, 1924 - synonym: Delavayidae Annandale, 1924 ** tribe Jullieniini Davis, 1979 ** tribe Lacunopsini Davis, 1979 ** tribe Pachydrobiini Davis & Kang, 1990Davis G. M. & Kang Z.-B. (1990). "The genus ''Wuconchona'' of China (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae: Triculinae): anatomy, systematics, cladistics, and transmission of ''Schistosoma''". ''

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia The ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Acad ...

'' 142: 119-142. Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974 is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.

Genera

Genera within the family Pomatiopsidae include: * '' Spiripockia'' Simone, 2012 (not allocated to a subfamily) Subfamily Pomatiopsinae * ''

Blanfordia ''Blanfordia'' is a genus of terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Pomatiopsidae. They are land snails which have an operculum (gastropod), operculum. The Genus, generic name ''Blanfordia'' is in honor of English natural ...

'' Adams, 1863 * '' Cecina'' A. Adams, 1861 * '' Coxiella'' E. A. Smith, 1894 * '' Floridiscrobs'' Pilsbry and McGinty, 1949 * ''

Fukuia ''Fukuia'' is a genus of amphibious freshwater snails and land snails with an operculum, gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. Distribution The genus ''Fukuia'' is endemic to Honshu, Japan. These snails occur especially in the northe ...

'' Abbott & Hunter, 1949 * '' Hemibia'' Heude, 1890 (species type: ''

Oncomelania hupensis ''Oncomelania hupensis'' is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae. Distribution ''Oncomelania hupensis'' has been found in China, Taiwan, and also in Japan, the Philipp ...

'' Gredler, 1881 * '' Idiopyrgus'' Pilsbry, 1911Malek E. A. (1983). "The South American hydrobioid genus ''Idiopyrgus'' Pilsbry, 1911". '' The Nautilus'' 97(1)
16
20. - synonym: ''Aquidauania'' Davis, 1979 * ''

Oncomelania ''Oncomelania'' is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. These ''Oncomelania'' snails are distantly related to the marine periwinkle, and more closely related to the small ...

'' Gredler, 1881 * ''

Pomatiopsis ''Pomatiopsis'' is a genus of amphibious snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic freshwater gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. ''Pomatiopsis'' is the type genus of the family Pomatiopsidae. Distribution The distribution of th ...

'' Tryon, 1862 - the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the family Pomatiopsidae * '' Tomichia'' Benson, 1851Rosenberg, G. (2010). ''Tomichia'' Benson, 1851. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405098 on 2011-04-04 Subfamily Triculinae - there are over 20 genera in Triculinae tribe Triculuni * '' Delavaya'' Heude, 1889 * '' Fenouilia'' Heude, 1889 * '' Lithoglyphopsis'' Thiele, 1928Davis G. M., Wilke T., Zhang Y., Xu X.-J., Qiu C.-P., Spolsky C., Qiu D.-C., Li Y., Xia M.-Y. & Feng Z. (1999). "Snail-''Schistosoma'', ''Paragonimus'' interactions in China: population ecology, genetic diversity, coevolution and emerging diseases". ''

Malacologia ''Malacologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, an ...

'' 41(2)
355
377. * '' Tricula'' Benson, 1843 - type genus of the tribe Triculuni tribe Jullieniini * '' Hubendickia'' Brandt, 1968 * '' Hydrorissoia'' Bavay, 1895 * '' Jullienia'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876 - type genus of the tribe Jullieniini * '' Karelainia'' Davis, 1979 * '' Kunmingia'' Davis & Kuo in Davis, 1981 * '' Neoprososthenia'' Davis & Kuo in Davis, Kuo, Hoagland, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1984 * '' Pachydrobiella'' Thiele, 1928 - with the only species '' Pachydrobiella brevis'' (Bavay, 1895) * † '' Paraprososthenia'' Annandale, 1919 * '' Saduniella'' Brandt, 1970 - with the only species '' Saduniella planispira'' Brandt, 1970 tribe Lacunopsini * '' Lacunopsis'' Deshayes, 1876 - type genus of the tribe Lacunopsini tribe Pachydrobiini * '' Gammatricula'' Davis & Liu in Davis, Liu & Chen, 1990Wilke T., Davis G. M., Gong X. & Liu H. X. (2000). "''Erhaia'' (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): phylogenetic relationships and the question of ''Paragonimus'' coevolution in Asia". ''

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) is an Arlington, Virginia-based non-profit organization of scientists, clinicians, students and program professionals whose longstanding mission is to promote global health through the ...

'' 62(4): 453-459
PDF
. * '' Halewisia'' Davis, 1979 - with the only species '' Halewisia expansa'' (Brandt, 1970) * '' Jinghongia'' Davis in Davis & Kang, 1990 * '' Neotricula'' Davis in Davis, Subba Rao & Hoagland, 1986 * '' Pachydrobia'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876 - type genus of the tribe Pachydrobiini * ''

Robertsiella ''Robertsiella'' is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. Distribution The distribution of ''Robertsiella'' includes Malaysia. Species Species wit ...

'' Davis & Greer, 1980 * '' Wuconchona'' Kang, 1983 Rehderiellinae is not allocated to a subfamily * '' Rehderiella'' Brandt, 1974 - type genus of the taxon Rehderiellinae

Ecology

The Pomatiopsidae have various life habits: aquatic, amphibious,

littoral The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas ...

halophilic The halophiles, named after the Greek word for "salt-loving", are extremophiles that thrive in high salt concentrations. While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, ...

, cavernicolous and even terrestrial. Terrestrial taxa occur only on the Japanese Archipelago located in East Asia (''

''). '' Tomichia'' and '' Coxiella'' include several halophilic species occurring on saline lakes. Pomatiopsidae invaded freshwater habitats from marine ones in one or in two independent lineages. They also invaded terrestrial habitats from freshwater habitats in two independent lineages.

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference and CC-BY-2.0 from the reference

External links

* Stimpson W. (1865). "Researches upon the Hydrobiinae and allied forms chiefly made upon materials in the museum of the

". '' Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' 7'
(201)
1-59
page 4
* Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". ''

'' 34(1-2)
143
342. * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2103272