was a prominent Japanese
pathologist
Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...
, famous for discovering the
Yoshida sarcoma. In addition, he is known for demonstrating the chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats with his mentor
Takaoki Sasaki.
Yoshida received the
Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy
The is a prestigious honor conferred to two of the recipients of the Japan Academy Prize.
Overviews
It is awarded in two categories: humanities and natural sciences. The Emperor and Empress visit the awarding ceremony and present a vase to ...
twice (1936 and 1953) as well as the
Robert Koch Gold Medal
The Robert Koch Medal and Award are two prizes awarded annually by the German for excellence in the biomedical sciences. These awards grew out of early attempts by German physician Robert Koch to generate funding to support his research into the ...
(1963).
Contribution
In the 1930s Yoshida and Sasaki showed the induction of
liver cancer
Liver cancer (also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy) is cancer that starts in the liver. Liver cancer can be primary (starts in liver) or secondary (meaning cancer which has spread from elsewhere to th ...
in rats by Ortho-Aminoazotoluene. Since that time, a large amount of data has confirmed the carcinogenic activity of
Azo dyes
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C-N=N ...
.
In 1943, Yoshida found a
cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal b ...
cell line
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cell ...
, so-called Yoshida Sarcoma, and experimentally proved that cancer is generated from cancer cells. His findings opened the way of cancer research in terms of cells, and developed biomedical research on
chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherap ...
.
[Tomizo Yoshida (1903–1973)](_blank)
/ref>
Biography
Yoshida was born in Asakawa, Fukushima
270px, Yoshida Tomizo Memorial Museum
is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 6,315 in 21608 households, and a population density of 170 persons per km². The total area of the town was .
Geog ...
and graduated from the Medical School
A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, M ...
, Imperial University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ...
in 1927.[吉田富三博士 年譜 Chronological List of Dr. Tomizo Yoshida](_blank)
/ref> He was an assistant professor of pathology
Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...
at the same institution from 1927 to 1929. In 1929 he moved to the Sasaki Institute to work on chemical-induced carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abno ...
with Takaoki Sasaki, before he went to Germany to study pathology in 1935.
After returning to his homeland, Yoshida served as a professor of pathology at Nagasaki University
is a national university of Japan. Its nickname is ''Chōdai'' (). The main campus is located in Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
History
Nagasaki University was established in 1949 by incorporating several nation ...
from 1938 to 1944, Tohoku University
, or is a Japanese national university located in Sendai, Miyagi in the Tōhoku Region, Japan. It is informally referred to as . Established in 1907, it was the third Imperial University in Japan and among the first three Designated National ...
from 1944 to 1952, before being appointed as a professor of pathology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ...
in 1952, where he became a dean in 1958. In addition, he became a director at the Sasaki Institute in 1953 and at the Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
The (JFCR) is a non-profit cancer research organization based in Ariake, Tokyo. The JFCR was founded in 1908 as the first Japanese organization specializing in cancer by Katsusaburō Yamagiwa and his supporters. The Cancer Institute and its att ...
in 1963.
Yoshida died in 1973 at the age of 70.
Recognition
* 1936 Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy
The is a prestigious honor conferred to two of the recipients of the Japan Academy Prize.
Overviews
It is awarded in two categories: humanities and natural sciences. The Emperor and Empress visit the awarding ceremony and present a vase to ...
* 1952 Asahi Prize
The , established in 1929, is an award presented by the Japanese newspaper ''Asahi Shimbun'' and Asahi Shimbun Foundation to honor individuals and groups that have made outstanding accomplishments in the fields of arts and academics and have greatl ...
* 1953 Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy
The is a prestigious honor conferred to two of the recipients of the Japan Academy Prize.
Overviews
It is awarded in two categories: humanities and natural sciences. The Emperor and Empress visit the awarding ceremony and present a vase to ...
* 1956 Scheele Medal
* 1959 Order of Culture
The is a Japanese order, established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, and may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japan's art, literature, science, technology, or anything related to culture in general; recipient ...
* 1963 Robert Koch Gold Medal
The Robert Koch Medal and Award are two prizes awarded annually by the German for excellence in the biomedical sciences. These awards grew out of early attempts by German physician Robert Koch to generate funding to support his research into the ...
* 1965 Elected Member of the Japan Academy
The Japan Academy ( Japanese: 日本学士院, ''Nihon Gakushiin'') is an honorary organisation and science academy founded in 1879 to bring together leading Japanese scholars with distinguished records of scientific achievements. The Academy is ...
.
* 1965 Elected Honorary Citizen of Asakawa
* 1968 Honorary Doctorate, University of Milan
The University of Milan ( it, Università degli Studi di Milano; la, Universitas Studiorum Mediolanensis), known colloquially as UniMi or Statale, is a public research university in Milan, Italy. It is one of the largest universities in Europe ...
Tomizo Yoshida Award
Since 1992 the Japanese Cancer Association
The (JCA) is the oldest professional association related to cancer research in Japan. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, it focuses on all aspects of cancer research, including basic, clinical and translational research into the etiology, prevention, dia ...
, the town office of Asakawa, and Tomizo Yoshida Memorial Hall have annually awarded the Tomizo Yoshida Award to researchers who made outstanding achievement in the field of cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.
Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and ...
.[日本癌学会 吉田富三賞(吉田賞) Tomizo Yoshida Award](_blank)
At the annual award presentation held in Asakawa, Fukushima
270px, Yoshida Tomizo Memorial Museum
is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 6,315 in 21608 households, and a population density of 170 persons per km². The total area of the town was .
Geog ...
, winners receive one million yen and a diploma.
Past award winners include the following:
*1992 Takashi Sugimura
was a Japanese biochemist, famous for research on chemical carcinogens. He received the Japan Prize for the contribution to establishment of fundamental concept on causes of cancer. He was elected as President of the Japan Academy on October 1 ...
, National Cancer Center (Japan)
*1999 Mitsuaki Yoshida, BANYU Pharmaceutical Co.
*2002 Yusuke Nakamura, University of Tokyo
*2008 Tadatsugu Taniguchi
is a Japanese immunologist known for his pioneer research on Interferons and Interferon regulatory factors.
Contribution
Taniguchi's work is mostly focused on immunity and oncogenesis, in particular on the mechanisms of signal transduction a ...
, University of Tokyo
*2012 Shigekazu Nagata
is a Japanese biochemist, best known for research on apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death occurring in multi-cellular organisms.
Contribution
Nagata identified Interferon in 1980 and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in 1986 ...
, Kyoto University
Yamagiwa-Yoshida Memorial international study grants
After his death, Japanese cancer researchers established the Yamagiwa-Yoshida Memorial international study grants in honor of Katsusaburō Yamagiwa and Tomizo Yoshida. Since its inception in 1975, the grants supported by the Japan National Committee, Union for International Cancer Control
The Union for International Cancer Control (previously named International Union Against Cancer) or UICC is a non-governmental organisation with some 1,180 member organisations in more than 170 countries.
UICC was founded in 1933 and is based i ...
, have contributed to the development of the professional capacity of over 330 Fellows from over 40 countries.YYFellowhip
/ref>
External links
吉田富三記念館 Tomizo Yoshida Memorial Hall
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yoshida, Tomizo
Cancer researchers
Japanese pathologists
1903 births
1973 deaths
People from Fukushima Prefecture
Laureates of the Imperial Prize
Recipients of the Order of Culture
University of Tokyo faculty
Tohoku University faculty
University of Tokyo alumni
20th-century Japanese physicians
Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy