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Takashi Sugimura
was a Japanese biochemist, famous for research on chemical carcinogens. He received the Japan Prize for the contribution to establishment of fundamental concept on causes of cancer. He was elected as President of the Japan Academy on October 15, 2013, serving till 2016 and was replaced with Hiroshi Shiono. Contribution Sugimura isolated and identified many mutagens with a structure of heterocyclic amine from foods cooked under ordinary conditions. He showed that tumors induced by these heterocyclic amines had genetic alterations. He further developed his studies to analyze multiple-step carcinogenesis at molecular levels to promote effective primary prevention of cancer. His group identified the novel polymer poly(ADP-ribose) and demonstrated the presence of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). He also discovered the cognate catabolic enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and further elucidated the biology of poly(ADP-ribose). The discovery of pierisin, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed through biochemical methodology and research. Voet (2005), p. 3. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells,Karp (2009), p. 2. in turn relating greatly to the understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.Miller (2012). p. 62. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, which is the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena.As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADP-ribose
Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. ADPR binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel. ADPR is the most potent agonist of the TRPM2 channel. cADPR also binds to TPRM2, and the action of both molecules is synergistic, with both molecules enhancing the action of the other molecule in activating the TRPM2 channel. See also * Adenosine diphosphate * ADP-ribosylation * Ribose Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C5H10O5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH)4−H. The naturally-occurring form, , is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compo ... References Nucleotides Organophosphates NADH dehydrogenase inhibitors Phosphate esters {{biochemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Order Of Merit (France) , a military award of the United States Armed Forces
{{disambiguation ...
An order of merit is conferred by a state, government or royal family on an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. Order of merit may also refer to: * FIFA Order of Merit, for significant contribution to association football * PDC Order of Merit, a world ranking system by the Professional Darts Corporation See also * National Order of Merit (other) * Order of Military Merit (other) * Order of Naval Merit (other) * Order of Civil Merit (other) * Cross of Merit (other) * Medal of Merit (other) * Order (distinction) * Socialist orders of merit * Legion of Merit The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of the eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomizo Yoshida
was a prominent Japanese pathologist, famous for discovering the Yoshida sarcoma. In addition, he is known for demonstrating the chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats with his mentor Takaoki Sasaki. Yoshida received the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy twice (1936 and 1953) as well as the Robert Koch Gold Medal (1963). Contribution In the 1930s Yoshida and Sasaki showed the induction of liver cancer in rats by Ortho-Aminoazotoluene. Since that time, a large amount of data has confirmed the carcinogenic activity of Azo dyes. In 1943, Yoshida found a cancer cell line, so-called Yoshida Sarcoma, and experimentally proved that cancer is generated from cancer cells. His findings opened the way of cancer research in terms of cells, and developed biomedical research on chemotherapy. Biography Yoshida was born in Asakawa, Fukushima and graduated from the Medical School, Imperial University of Tokyo in 1927. He was an assistant professor of pathology at the same institutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Culture
The is a Japanese order, established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, and may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japan's art, literature, science, technology, or anything related to culture in general; recipients of the order also receive an annuity for life. The order is conferred by the Emperor of Japan in person on Culture Day (November 3) each year. It is considered equivalent to the highest rank (Grand Cordon) of the Order of the Rising Sun, the Order of the Sacred Treasure, and the Order of the Precious Crown. The only orders that Japanese emperors bestow on recipients by their own hands are the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, the Grand Cordon of each order, and the Order of Culture. The badge of the order, which is in gold with white enamel, is in the form of a Tachibana orange blossom; the central disc bears three crescent-shaped jades ('' magatama''). The badge is suspended on a gold and enamel wreath of mandarin or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institutes Of Health
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1880s and is now part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The majority of NIH facilities are located in Bethesda, Maryland, and other nearby suburbs of the Washington metropolitan area, with other primary facilities in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina and smaller satellite facilities located around the United States. The NIH conducts its own scientific research through the NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program. , the IRP had 1,200 principal investigators and more than 4,000 postdoctoral fellows in basic, translational, and clinical research, being the largest biomedical research instit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Prize Of The Japan Academy
The is a prestigious honor conferred to two of the recipients of the Japan Academy Prize. Overviews It is awarded in two categories: humanities and natural sciences. The Emperor and Empress visit the awarding ceremony and present a vase to the awardees. Laureates * 2019 — Makoto Fujita (109th) * 2018 — , Chikashi Toyoshima (108th) * 2017 — (107th) * 2016 — Kazutoshi Mori (106th) * 2015 — Hideo Hosono * 2014 — Isamu Akasaki * 2013 — , Yoshinori Tokura * 2012 — , Keiichi Namba * 2011 — , (101st)Japan Academy 101st 20 June 2011 retrieved 2011-08-15 * 2010 — , Shinya Yamanaka (100th)Japan Academy 91st-100th retrieved 2011-08-15 * 2009 — , (99th) * 2008 — (98th) * 2007 — , Shizuo Akira (97th) * 2006 — Shuh Narumiya (96th) * 2005 — Kazuya Kato (95th) * 2004 — , Takeshi Yasumoto (94th) * 2003 — Mitsuhiro Yanagida (93rd) * 2002 — , Sumio Iijima (92nd) * 2001 — Fumio Hayashi, Makoto Asashima (91st) * 2000 — , Shigekazu Nagata (90th)Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Cancer Association
The (JCA) is the oldest professional association related to cancer research in Japan. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, it focuses on all aspects of cancer research, including basic, clinical and translational research into the etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, treatment of cancer. Founded in 1941, the JCA has more than 16,000 members. Purpose and activities The purpose of the JCA is to promote cancer research Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and .... It hosts an annual meeting and other academic meetings (such as symposiums and conferences once or twice a year), holds lectures open to the public, and publishes a journal. The 72nd annual meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association was held at Pacifico Yokohama from October 3 to 5, 2013. History In 1941, Mataro Naga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Association For Cancer Research
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is the world's oldest and largest professional association related to cancer research. Based in Philadelphia, the AACR focuses on all aspects of cancer research, including basic, clinical, and translational research into the etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Founded in 1907 by 11 physicians and scientists, the organization now has more than 52,000 members in 130 countries and territories. The mission of the AACR is to prevent and cure cancer through research, education, communication, collaboration, science policy and advocacy, and funding for cancer research. History The AACR was founded on May 7, 1907 in Washington, DC as the "Association for Cancer Research" by a group of scientists consisting of four surgeons, five pathologists, and two biochemists. The founding members were Silas P. Beebe, George H. A. Clowes, William Coley, James Ewing, Harvey R. Gaylord, Robert B. Greenough, J. Collins War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toho University
is a university in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. History The two brothers Yutaka Nukada and Susumu Nukada founded the Imperial Women's Medical College in Ōmori, Tokyo, the location of the present-day Faculty of Medicine, with their own money in 1925 and then established the Imperial Women's Medical and Pharmaceutical College and the Imperial Women's College of Science. They aimed at improving scientific education for women in such fields as medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, and science. After World War II the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Faculty of Science moved to Funabashi, Chiba is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 644,668 in 309,238 households and a population density of . The total area of the city is . It is the Greater Tokyo Area's 7th most populated city (after pa .... With the reform of the Japanese school system in 1950, Toho University became a coeducational institution, focusing on natural sciences, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Medical Science (Japan)
The Institute of Medical Science (Tokyo-daigaku Ikagaku Kenkyujyo 東京大学医科学研究所) is an ancillary establishment of Tokyo University. It succeeded established in 1892 and is the foremost institute for medical and bioscience research in Japan. A research hospital is attached to the institute. The former Institute of Public Health was located on the site. History *1892: Dainihon Shiritu Eiseikai Fuzoku Densenbyo Kenkyujyo (Empire of Japan Private Sanitation Meeting Attachment Institute of Infectious Diseases) was established. *1899: It became the National Institute of Infectious Diseases under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. *1914: The institute entered under the management of the Ministry of Education). *1916: It becomes an ancillary establishment of Tokyo Imperial University. *1967: Densenbyo Kenkyujyo (Institute of Infectious Diseases) was reorganized, then, Ikagaku Kenkyu-jyo (Institute of Medical Science) was established. Organization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Cancer Center
National Cancer Center ("NCC" or "Center"), founded in 1953, is a (501)(c)(3) not-for-profit organization in the United States that funds young cancer researchers who are working to discover how the body's immune system sees and responds to cancer when it initially develops and why certain cancer cells are resistant to different treatments. The organization also provides educational information to the public on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Grants are awarded based on the recommendations of NCC's Scientific Advisory Board, which uses National Institutes of Health evaluation standards. Scientific Advisory Board members are cancer research professionals, headed by Dr. Darell Bigner, founder and director of Duke University’s Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, the largest brain tumor research facility in the country. Other Grant Review Committee members represent such institutions as the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the University of Pittsburgh Cancer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
