The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representi ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

of the city of

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

Prior to 7th century

* 965 BCE – Ezron, King of Aram-Zobah conquers Damascus * 843 BCE – Hazael assassinated Ben-Hadad I and made himself king of Damascus. * 732 BCE –

Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history and the final and greatest phase of Assyria as an independent state. Beginning with the accession of Adad-nirari II in 911 BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire grew t ...

conquers Damascus * 572 BCE –

Neo-Babylonian The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia. Beginning with the coronation of Nabopolassar as the King of Babylon in 626 BC and bein ...

s conquered Damascus * 538 BCE –

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

annexes Damascus * 333 BCE –

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, wikt:Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Maced ...

conquers Damascus * 112 BCE – Damascus fell to

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus ( gr, Ἀντίοχος Εὐσεβής Κυζικηνός, "Antiochus the Pious, the Cyzicene") was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom. He was the son of Antiochus VII Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea.

. * 150 CE – Damascus became a Roman provincial city under

Trajan Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presi ...

. * 4th century – Temple of Jupiter built by the Romans.

7th–19th centuries

* 613 – Sasanian captured Damascus during the

Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the Byzantine–Sasanian wars, series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine / Roman Empire and the Sasanian Empire of Iran. The Byzantine–Sasani ...

* 634 – Arab conquest of Damascus under

Khalid ibn al-Walid Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in ...

. * 715 –

Great Mosque A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (, ''masjid jāmi‘'', or simply: , ''jāmi‘''; ), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (, ''jāmi‘ kabir''; ), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as ''jumu'ah''.* * * * * * * ...

built by

Al-Walid I Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( ar, الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان, al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; ), commonly known as al-Walid I ( ar, الوليد الأول), was the sixth Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad ca ...

by converting the church of St John the Baptist constructed by Arcadius. * 789 –

Qubbat al-Khazna Qubbat al-Khazna ( ar, قبة الخزنة, Qubbat al-Khaznah, lit=Dome of the Treasury), also known as the Bayt al-Mal or Beit al-Mal, is an old structure within the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. It is an octagonal structur ...

built. * 1078 – Citadel of Damascus built. * 1126 – Crusaders attacked Damascus. * 1129 – Crusaders march on Damascus. * 1142 –

Al-Mujahidiyah Madrasa Al-Mujahidiyah Madrasa () is a madrasah complex in Damascus, Syria. Built in 1141 by Burid governor Mujahid al-Din bin Bazan bin Yammin al-Kurdu.

established. * 1154 –

Nur al-Din Bimaristan Nur al-Din Bimaristan ( ar, البيمارستان النوري) is a large Muslim medieval ''bimaristan'' ("hospital") in Damascus, Syria. It is located in the al-Hariqa quarter in the old walled city, to the southwest of the Umayyad Mosque. It wa ...

built. * 1196 –

Mausoleum of Saladin The Mausoleum of Saladin holds the resting place and grave of the medieval Muslim Ayyubid Sultan Saladin. It is adjacent to the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. It was built in 1196, three years after the death of Saladin. In addition to the tom ...

built. * 1215 –

Al-Adiliyah Madrasa Al-Adiliyah Madrasa () is a 13th-century madrasah located in Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus. ...

founded. * 1216 – Citadel of Damascus rebuilt. * 1224 –

Al-Rukniyah Madrasa Al-Rukniyah Madrasa () is a 13th-century madrasah located in Damascus, Syria.Rukniyya Madrasa ...

built. * 1229 – Damascus besieged * 1234 –

Aqsab Mosque The Aqsab Mosque ( ar, جَامِع الْأَقْصَاب, Jāmiʿ al-ʾAqṣāb, English: ''Mosque of the Sugarcanes'') is an Ayyubid-era mosque in Damascus, Syria. It is on Suq Sarujiyya outside the walls of the old city, near the Bab al-S ...

built. * 1250 –

Qaymariyya Al-Qaymariyya ( ar, القيمرية) is a quarter of the Old City of Damascus. It is located in the center of the Old City of Damascus, Old City, bordering the eastern wall of the Umayyad Mosque. It had a population of 4,034 in the 2004 census. ...

hand city over to

al-Nasir Yusuf An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236� ...

in bloodless coup. * 1254 –

Al-Qilijiyah Madrasa Al-Qilijiyah Madrasa () is a madrasah complex located between Al-Buzuriyah Souq and the Azm Palace inside the walled old city of Damascus, Syria.Kitbuga, a confidant of the Mongol Ilkhan

Hulagu Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulegu ( mn, Хүлэгү/ , lit=Surplus, translit=Hu’legu’/Qülegü; chg, ; Arabic: fa, هولاکو خان, ''Holâku Khân;'' ; 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of West ...

, captured Damascus. Then, it was captured five days after the Battle of Ain Jalut by the Mamluk Sultanate. * 1277 –

Al-Zahiriyah Library The Zahiriyya Library ( ar, مكتبة الظاهرية, Maktaba al-Ẓāhirīyya), also known as the Madrasa al-Zahiriyya ( ar, مَدْرَسَة الظَّاهِرِيَّة, Madrasah aẓ-Ẓāhirīyah), is an Islamic library, madrasa, and m ...

established. * 1400 –

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, besieges Damascus. * 1515 –

Al-Sibaiyah Madrasa Al-Sibaiyah Madrasa or Jami al-Jawami () is a 16th-century madrasah complex in Damascus, Syria.Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

under

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite last ...

conquered Damascus from the Mamluks. * 1518 – Salimiyya Takiyya built. * 1558 – Sulaymaniyya Takiyya built. * 1566 – Salimiyya Madrasa established. * 1574 –

Khan al-Harir Khan al-Harir ( ar, خَان الْحَرِير, Khān al-Ḥarīr; ''The Silk Khan'') is a large khan in the Old City of Damascus.Burns, 2005, p.234 See also *Khan As'ad Pasha *Khan Jaqmaq *Khan Sulayman Pasha *Khan Tuman Khan Tuman ( ar, خا� ...

built. * 1605 – Printing press established. * 1736 –

Khan Sulayman Pasha Khan Sulayman Pasha ( ar, خَان سُلَيْمَان بَاشَا, Khān Sulaymān Bāşā) is a large khan in the Old City of Damascus.Azm Palace built. * 1752 – Khan As'ad Pasha built. * 1832 – Captured by

Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt Ibrahim Pasha ( tr, Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa; ar, إبراهيم باشا ''Ibrāhīm Bāshā''; 1789 – 10 November 1848) was an Ottoman Albanian general in the Egyptian army and the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognised ...

. * 1840 – Return of the city to Turkish domination, when the Egyptians were driven out of Syria. * 1860 – Massacre; the Moslem population rose against the Christians. * 1885 –

Bakdash (ice cream parlor) Bakdash ( ar, بَكْدَاش, Bakdāš), alternatively romanised as Bakdach, is a landmark ice cream parlor in the Al-Hamidiyah Souq in the ancient city of Damascus. Established in 1895, it is famous for its traditional Middle Eastern ''booza'' ...

established. * 1900 – Population: 154,000. (approx date)

20th century

* 1918 – October: Arab troops led by Emir Feisal, and supported by

British Armed Forces The British Armed Forces, also known as His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. They also promote the UK's wider interests, s ...

, capture Damascus, ending 400 years of Ottoman rule. * 1920 – July:

French Armed Forces The French Armed Forces (french: Forces armées françaises) encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air and Space Force and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic. The President of France heads the armed forces as Chief of the Armed Forces. Franc ...

occupy Damascus, forcing Feisal to flee abroad. * 1923 –

University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

founded. * 1925/6 – French forces bombard Damascus. * 1928 – Al-Wahda Club of Damascus founded. * 1935 – Population: 193,912. * 1939 –

Chapel of Saint Paul The Chapel of Saint Paul ( ar, كَنِيسَةُ مَارْ بَوْلُسْ, ''Kanīsat Mar Bawlus'') is a church in Damascus, Syria, located along Tarafa bin al-Abd Street near the former Bab Kisan (Kisan Gate). The chapel, consecrated in 19 ...

inaugurated. * 1946 – Population: 303,952. * 1947 – Al-Jaish Sports Club founded. * 1960 – Syrian Television begins broadcasting. * 1961 – September: Discontent with Egyptian domination of the

United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic (UAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Eg ...

prompts a group of

Syrian Army " (''Guardians of the Homeland'') , colors = * Service uniform: Khaki, Olive * Combat uniform: Green, Black, Khaki , anniversaries = August 1st , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = 1948 Arab–Israeli War Six ...

officers to seize power in Damascus and dissolve the union. * 1964 – Population: 562,907 (estimate). * 1970 – Population: 836,668 city; 923,253 urban agglomeration. * 1977 –

Higher Institute for Dramatic Arts The Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts ( ar, الْمَعْهَدُ الْعَالِي لِلْفُنُونِ الْمَسْرَحِيَّةِ, al-Maʿhad al-ʿĀlī li l-Funūn al-Masraḥīyah) (HIDA), was founded in Damascus, Syria, in 1977 by ...

founded. * 1981 ** Bomb explodes near Syrian Air Force

headquarters Headquarters (commonly referred to as HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the to ...

. ** Azbakiyah bombing * 1983 –

Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology The Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST) ( ar, الْمَعْهَدُ الْعَالِي لِلْعُلُومِ التَّطْبِيقِيَّةِ وَالتِّكْنُولُوجِيِّ, al-Maʿhad al-ʿĀlī li l-ʿUlū ...

founded. * 1984 –

Al-Assad National Library Al-Assad National Library ( ar, مَكْتَبَةُ الْأَسَدِ الْوَطَنِيَّةِ, Maktabat al-ʾAsad al-Waṭanīyah) is the national library of Syria, located in the capital Damascus overlooking the Umayyad Square. It's named ...

established. * 1985 – Population: 1,196,710 (estimate). * 1986 – Bombings * 1994 – Population: 1,549,000 (estimate). * 2000 –

Spring Spring(s) may refer to: Common uses * Spring (season), a season of the year * Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy * Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water * Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a ...

21st century

* 2004 –

Damascus Opera House , native_name_lang = ar , image = Damascus Opera House.jpg , image_size = , image_alt = , caption = Damascus Opera House at the Umayyad Square (2010) , alt = , image_map ...

inaugurated. * 2006 ** February: "Danish and Norwegian embassies in Damascus are set on fire." **September: "Attack on the US embassy." * 2008 – Population: 1,680,000 (estimate). * 2009 – Damascus Securities Exchange founded. * 2011 ** March:

Protest A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of coopera ...

; crackdown. ** Syrian civil war begins. * 2012 ** January 2012 al-Midan bombing **

March 2012 Damascus bombings The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the ...

April 2012 Damascus bombings The 27 April 2012 Damascus bombing was a suicide attack that targeted the Syrian military, killing nine people. The event, occurred during the Syrian Civil War, was claimed by the al-Nusra Front. See also * List of bombings during the Syrian Ci ...

** 10 May 2012 Damascus bombings. **

Summer 2012 Damascus clashes Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, with ...

** Battle of Damascus (2012) * 2013 ** Damascus offensive (2013) * 2018 ** May:

Syrian Armed Forces The Syrian Arab Armed Forces ( ar, الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّورِيَّةُ, al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) are the military forces of the Syrian Arab Re ...

recapture the entire city of Damascus.

References

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

* * * * * * * * * * . (
1898 ed.
* *

Published in 20th century

* * * * * R. Stephen Humphreys. "Urban Topography and Urban Society: Damascus under the Ayyubids and Mamluks." In his, Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry. Minneapolis, 1988. pp. 209–32. * Michael Chamberlain, Knowledge and Social Practice in Medieval Damascus, 1190–1350. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. pp. 27–68. *

Published in 21st century

* * * * *

External links

* * {{Syria year nav

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

* Years in Syria